{"id":23546,"date":"2014-07-30T14:24:42","date_gmt":"2014-07-30T07:24:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=23546"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:49:47","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:49:47","slug":"comment-inclure-ladaptation-dans-les-politiques-du-bassin-du-congo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23546\/comment-inclure-ladaptation-dans-les-politiques-du-bassin-du-congo","title":{"rendered":"Comment inclure l\u2019adaptation dans les politiques du bassin du Congo?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"On<\/a>
Sur la route entre Kisangani et le village de Masako, en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo. Photo: Ollivier Girard\/CIFOR.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie \u2014 Une nouvelle \u00e9tude sur les politiques relatives aux for\u00eats et au changement climatique dans le bassin du Congo constate que l\u2019adaptation au r\u00e9chauffement plan\u00e9taire est absente des politiques de l’Afrique centrale. Elle sugg\u00e8re un moyen de combler cette lacune.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLa promotion de l’adaptation vise \u00e0 pr\u00e9server les biens et services environnementaux dont les pauvres d\u00e9pendent pour leur survie, pour assurer que leurs besoins vitaux sont couverts malgr\u00e9 le changement climatique\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Denis Sonwa, chercheur au CIFOR et l’un des auteurs de l’\u00e9tude.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dans le bassin du Congo, il existe une fausse perception <\/span>sur la<\/span> sant\u00e9 de la for\u00eat , car elle a en apparence <\/span>un<\/span> couvert v\u00e9g\u00e9tal dense, \u00e0 feuilles persistantes<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

La publication, \u00ab<\/span><\/span>Adapter la gestion foresti\u00e8re du bassin du Congo au changement climatique: les liens entre la biodiversit\u00e9, la disparition des for\u00eats et le bien-\u00eatre humain<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00bb, affirme que dans le bassin du Congo environ 30 millions de personnes, dont plus de 150 groupes autochtones, vivent en \u00abd\u00e9pendance compl\u00e8te\u00bb des ressources foresti\u00e8res pour assurer leur subsistance. Ceci augmente leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 face aux impacts du changement climatique.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pourtant, aider ces personnes \u00e0 s’adapter \u00e0 l’\u00e9volution des tendances climatiques d\u00e9j\u00e0 en cours, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 l’impact de ces tendances sur la production alimentaire et sur d’autres activit\u00e9s vitales, n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 une priorit\u00e9. Cela est en partie d\u00fb \u00e0 un probl\u00e8me de perception. La r\u00e9gion foresti\u00e8re du centre de l\u2019Afrique, la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande dans le monde apr\u00e8s l’Amazonie, a \u00e9t\u00e9 relativement prot\u00e9g\u00e9e de la d\u00e9forestation massive et peut, en tant que telle, appara\u00eetre indestructible.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abDans le bassin du Congo, il existe une fausse perception sur la sant\u00e9 de la for\u00eat , car elle a en apparence un couvert v\u00e9g\u00e9tal dense, \u00e0 feuilles persistantes\u00bb, \u00e9crivent les auteurs.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Puisque la croissance d\u00e9mographique, l’exploitation foresti\u00e8re et d’autres activit\u00e9s, telles que les exploitations mini\u00e8res, exercent une pression sur la couverture foresti\u00e8re, les pays d’Afrique centrale et les donateurs internationaux ont renforc\u00e9 leurs politiques de gestion foresti\u00e8re. N\u00e9anmoins, ces politiques se focalisent sur l’att\u00e9nuation des effets, et non sur l’adaptation au changement climatique.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les gouvernements se sont concentr\u00e9s sur la r\u00e9duction de la d\u00e9forestation et de la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats dans le cadre du r\u00e9gime de <\/span><\/span>REDD+<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Nombreux sont ceux qui croyaient que ceci allait contribuer \u00e0 la protection de la biodiversit\u00e9 et des moyens de subsistance associ\u00e9s des communaut\u00e9s locales, explique M. Sonwa. Toutefois, l’adaptation a \u00e9t\u00e9 laiss\u00e9e de c\u00f4t\u00e9 et \u00ables cons\u00e9quences sur les ressources [dont] les populations d\u00e9pendent n’ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 prises en compte\u00bb, ajoute-t-il.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les mesures d’adaptation peuvent consister \u00e0 planter des esp\u00e8ces diff\u00e9rentes qui survivent aux nouveaux r\u00e9gimes de pluies et de temp\u00e9ratures, ou \u00e0 modifier les pratiques de construction pour prot\u00e9ger les maisons et les entreprises des conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques instables. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Une approche en quatre \u00e9tapes<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bien que l’\u00e9tude note que les intervenants forestiers d’Afrique centrale sont de plus en plus conscients de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’int\u00e9grer l’adaptation dans la gestion et dans les politiques foresti\u00e8res, les auteurs ajoutent que de nombreux obstacles entravent l\u2019action, comme la faible qualit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es, l’insuffisance des capacit\u00e9s des administrations locales et les guerres successives dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abDans le bassin du Congo, l’\u00e9tude de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 face au changement climatique est d\u2019un plus grand int\u00e9r\u00eat pour les chercheurs que pour les d\u00e9cideurs politiques, car ces-derniers ont souvent d’autres priorit\u00e9s imm\u00e9diates, telles que la r\u00e9duction de la pauvret\u00e9 et du ch\u00f4mage\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Youssoufa Bele du CIFOR, auteur principal de l’\u00e9tude. M. Bele ajoute que la coordination des efforts d’adaptation dans la r\u00e9gion est \u00e9galement insuffisante, malgr\u00e9 les instances r\u00e9gionales existantes cit\u00e9es dans l’\u00e9tude, telles que la <\/span><\/span>Commission des For\u00eats d\u2019Afrique Centrale<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span> (COMIFAC).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abC’est pourquoi nous proposons des \u00e9tapes \u00e0 suivre pour tout pays qui souhaiterait int\u00e9grer l’adaptation au changement climatique dans sa politique\u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. Bele.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La publication d\u00e9crit une approche en quatre \u00e9tapes: analyser les politiques actuelles pour \u00e9valuer la capacit\u00e9 des institutions de changer, comprendre la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 face au changement climatique, et enfin adapter et mettre en place des strat\u00e9gies pour y faire face.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La quatri\u00e8me -et principale- \u00e9tape consiste \u00e0 engager un dialogue entre sciences et politique et \u00e0 renforcer les capacit\u00e9s. Cette initiative vise \u00e0 assurer que les r\u00e9sultats de la recherche ne sont pas \u00e0 \u00eatre uniquement diffus\u00e9s, mais qu’ils stimulent une plus grande interaction, des discussions et des d\u00e9lib\u00e9rations entre les chercheurs et les d\u00e9cideurs politiques.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les efforts pr\u00e9alables du CIFOR pour favoriser un tel dialogue, via son projet <\/span><\/span>For\u00eats du Bassin du Congo et Adaptation au Changement Climatique<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u00abont permis aux d\u00e9cideurs politiques de prendre conscience de l’importance de l’adaptation au changement climatique dans la r\u00e9gion, o\u00f9 le d\u00e9bat sur le changement climatique a \u00e9t\u00e9 largement domin\u00e9 par la REDD+\u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. Bele. Il cite le processus d’int\u00e9gration de l’adaptation au plan directeur de la COMIFAC et \u00e0 la loi foresti\u00e8re du Cameroun comme exemples de dialogues entre sciences et politique et soutient qu’il devrait \u00eatre d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 davantage. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les auteurs de l’\u00e9tude esp\u00e8rent que les responsables politiques suivront leur proposition de m\u00e9thode en quatre \u00e9tapes. \u00abCelle-ci est destin\u00e9e \u00e0 tous les acteurs de la gestion foresti\u00e8re du bassin du Congo, allant des forums r\u00e9gionaux, tels que la COMIFAC o\u00f9 l’att\u00e9nuation est d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9battue, au niveau national o\u00f9 les politiques sont \u00e9labor\u00e9es, ainsi qu’\u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle locale o\u00f9 les d\u00e9fenseurs de la biodiversit\u00e9, le secteur priv\u00e9 et les acteurs int\u00e9ress\u00e9s par le d\u00e9veloppement en faveur de la population sont actifs\u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. Sonwa.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abCette m\u00e9thode peut leur montrer que l\u2019int\u00e9gration de l’adaptation au changement climatique est possible et que l’att\u00e9nuation n’est pas la seule r\u00e9ponse.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur cette recherche, veuillez contacter Denis Sonwa sur<\/b> <\/strong><\/span><\/span>d.sonwa@cgiar.org<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cette recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet <\/span><\/span>COBAM (Changement Climatique et For\u00eats dans le Bassin du Congo)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span> et fait partie du <\/span><\/span>Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les For\u00eats, les Arbres et l’Agroforesterie<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 financ\u00e9e en partie par la Banque Africaine de D\u00e9veloppement et la Communaut\u00e9 Economique des Etats de l’Afrique Centrale. <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie \u2014 Une nouvelle \u00e9tude sur les politiques relatives aux for\u00eats et au changement climatique dans le bassin du Congo constate que l\u2019adaptation au r\u00e9chauffement plan\u00e9taire est absente des politiques de l’Afrique centrale. Elle sugg\u00e8re un moyen de combler cette lacune. \u00abLa promotion de l’adaptation vise \u00e0 pr\u00e9server les biens et services environnementaux dont […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":23515,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,137],"tags":[1574,674,772],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1041],"class_list":["post-23546","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-forest-management-restoration","tag-climate-adaptation","tag-cobam","tag-congo-basin","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nComment inclure l\u2019adaptation dans les politiques du bassin du Congo? - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23546\/comment-inclure-ladaptation-dans-les-politiques-du-bassin-du-congo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comment inclure l\u2019adaptation dans les politiques du bassin du Congo?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie \u2014 Une nouvelle \u00e9tude sur les politiques relatives aux for\u00eats et au changement climatique dans le bassin du Congo constate que l\u2019adaptation au r\u00e9chauffement plan\u00e9taire est absente des politiques de l’Afrique centrale. 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