{"id":23534,"date":"2014-07-30T01:34:12","date_gmt":"2014-07-29T18:34:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=23534"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:25:06","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:25:06","slug":"les-jeunes-prochaine-etape-dans-la-gestion-des-forets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23534\/les-jeunes-prochaine-etape-dans-la-gestion-des-forets","title":{"rendered":"Les jeunes: prochaine \u00e9tape dans la gestion des for\u00eats"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"Un<\/a>
Des jeunes montrent leur r\u00e9colte de Gnetum dans le centre du Cameroun. Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente sur les comit\u00e9s de gestion des for\u00eats communautaires au Cameroun a montr\u00e9 qu’il n’y avait qu’une personne de moins de 30 ans parmi leurs membres. Photo: Ollivier Girard\/CIFOR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie \u2014 Malgr\u00e9 l’int\u00e9r\u00eat soutenu des jeunes des r\u00e9gions tropicales pour l’agriculture et les moyens de subsistance tir\u00e9s des for\u00eats, leur voix n’est pas encore entendue au sein des structures de gestion des terres, selon des scientifiques et des repr\u00e9sentants de la jeunesse.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLe programme de d\u00e9veloppement des pays africains place les jeunes au centre, notamment dans le domaine de l’agriculture\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Denis Sonwa, chercheur chevronn\u00e9 au Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR) \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9, au Cameroun. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pourtant, une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente sur les comit\u00e9s de gestion des for\u00eats communautaires dans six villages au sud-est du Cameroun a montr\u00e9 qu’il n’y avait parmi leurs membres qu’une seule personne de moins de 30 ans.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cela contraste fortement avec les opinions exprim\u00e9es par les jeunes locaux, interrog\u00e9s lors de l’\u00e9tude, qui disent tous qu’ils participent \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s agricoles et foresti\u00e8res, telles que la collecte de bois ou de produits non ligneux, pour la nourriture ou le revenu. \u00abPr\u00e8s de 90% des hommes et femmes interrog\u00e9s pensent que les jeunes devraient \u00eatre inclus dans les postes de prises de d\u00e9cision au sein des communaut\u00e9s\u00bb, selon un document bas\u00e9 sur cette recherche et publi\u00e9 dans le <\/span><\/span><\/span>journal de la FAO Nature & Faune de l\u2019Afrique de l’Ouest<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9sultats sont frappants, puisqu\u2019un des objectifs de la l\u00e9gislation camerounaise \u00e9tablissant les for\u00eats communautaires en 1994 visait pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment \u00e0 offrir aux jeunes des moyens de subsistance bas\u00e9s sur les for\u00eats. \u00abUn aspect important de la loi foresti\u00e8re du Cameroun \u00e9tait de r\u00e9duire la pauvret\u00e9 et de freiner l’exode rural\u00bb, explique Carolyn Peach Brown, directeur des \u00e9tudes environnementales \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 de l’\u00cele-du-Prince-\u00c9douard au Canada et co-auteur de l’\u00e9tude.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Catherine MacNeil, son \u00e9l\u00e8ve qui a men\u00e9 la recherche sur le terrain et qui est l’auteur principal de l’\u00e9tude, fait remarquer que \u00abde nombreuses recherches portent sur l’exode rural des jeunes, mais les jeunes qui restent sont tr\u00e8s d\u00e9pendants des for\u00eats. Pourtant, ils sont -et se sentent- sous-repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s\u00bb. La recherche montre que les jeunes femmes ont encore moins de possibilit\u00e9s pour faire entendre leur voix que les jeunes hommes. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mme MacNeil ajoute que l’inclusion des jeunes dans la prise de d\u00e9cision sur la gestion des for\u00eats est cruciale pour planifier des activit\u00e9s durables qui sont essentielles \u00e0 leurs moyens de subsistance, telles que la culture du cacao et d’autres activit\u00e9s agro-foresti\u00e8res.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Parmi les obstacles \u00e0 une participation plus forte des jeunes aux prises de d\u00e9cisions au niveau local, Mme MacNeil souligne la bureaucratie, le respect pour le r\u00f4le traditionnel de dirigeant des a\u00een\u00e9s, ainsi que des perceptions et comportements bien ancr\u00e9s des jeunes eux-m\u00eames. \u00abBeaucoup d’adultes pensent qu’ils prennent de meilleures d\u00e9cisions pour les jeunes que les jeunes eux-m\u00eames\u00bb, ajoute Mme MacNeil.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Une meilleure repr\u00e9sentation des jeunes au sein des organes de gestion foresti\u00e8re pourrait permettre d’aborder des enjeux tels que le r\u00e9gime foncier, une pr\u00e9occupation majeure exprim\u00e9e par les jeunes des pays tropicaux lors du <\/span><\/span><\/span>Forum mondial sur les paysages<\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/span>novembre dernier. \u00abLes jeunes sont presque toujours sans terre\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Karen Tuason de l\u2019\u00c9quipe de Travail Mapalad, un groupe de d\u00e9fense bas\u00e9 aux Philippines, <\/span><\/span><\/span>lors du forum<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. \u00abJ’ai observ\u00e9 comment l\u2019\u00e9volution du r\u00f4le socio-\u00e9conomique d’un travailleur agricole sans terre vers celui de gestionnaire de terres a permis \u00e0 des jeunes agriculteurs d\u2019assurer collectivement la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire de leur communaut\u00e9, d\u2019augmenter leur revenu m\u00e9nager, d’avoir acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’\u00e9ducation et aux soins de sant\u00e9\u00bb, dit-elle. Une meilleure utilisation de la technologie pourrait permettre d’autonomiser les jeunes en milieu rural, <\/span><\/span><\/span>comme le sugg\u00e8re Joseph Macharia<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>, un jeune agriculteur du Kenya. Lors du forum il a dit que, apr\u00e8s avoir termin\u00e9 ses \u00e9tudes, il a men\u00e9 des travaux de recherche avec des communaut\u00e9s agricoles. \u00abJ\u2019organisais des r\u00e9unions et seuls des vieillards venaient. Vraiment vieux. Que ce passe-t-il avec les jeunes? Pourquoi ne sont-ils pas l\u00e0?\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, il a lanc\u00e9 le d\u00e9bat sur Facebook, o\u00f9 il a cr\u00e9\u00e9 un espace pour discuter des meilleures pratiques agricoles. <\/span><\/span><\/span>La page \u00abMkulima Young\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> compte d\u00e9sormais presque 30000 adh\u00e9rents. L’exp\u00e9rience l’a encourag\u00e9 \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un march\u00e9 en ligne pour des produits fermiers et \u00e0 se pencher sur la microfinance.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Environ 200 participants ont assist\u00e9 \u00e0 la section jeunesse du <\/span><\/span><\/span>Forum mondial sur les paysages<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. Toutefois, M. Sonwa et Mme Brown sont \u00e9tonn\u00e9s que presque aucune recherche sur l’engagement des jeunes \u00e0 la gestion foresti\u00e8re n\u2019ait \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e avant qu\u2019ils ne lancent l’\u00e9tude au Cameroun.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abC’est un domaine tr\u00e8s prometteur\u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. Sonwa, \u00e9galement co-auteur de l’\u00e9tude de la FAO. \u00abLes structures rurales de gouvernance pourraient favoriser les \u00e9changes interg\u00e9n\u00e9rationnels entre les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es, ayant une bonne connaissance empirique de la zone, et les jeunes ayant b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019une \u00e9ducation scolaire, ayant voyag\u00e9 et fr\u00e9quent\u00e9 d’autres personnes en dehors de la communaut\u00e9.\u00bb <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur les sujets de cette recherche, veuillez contacter Denis Sonwa sur <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>d.sonwa@cgiar.org<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Cette recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre du <\/span><\/span><\/span>Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les For\u00eats, les Arbres et l’Agroforesterie<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie \u2014 Malgr\u00e9 l’int\u00e9r\u00eat soutenu des jeunes des r\u00e9gions tropicales pour l’agriculture et les moyens de subsistance tir\u00e9s des for\u00eats, leur voix n’est pas encore entendue au sein des structures de gestion des terres, selon des scientifiques et des repr\u00e9sentants de la jeunesse. \u00abLe programme de d\u00e9veloppement des pays africains place les jeunes au […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":23120,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[182,188,173,13,95,1072],"tags":[322,25,333,51,289,382,4373,149],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1041],"class_list":["post-23534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-community-forestry","category-food-and-diets","category-gender-justice-tenure","category-governance","category-human-wellbeing","category-landscapes","tag-africa","tag-agriculture","tag-cameroon","tag-development","tag-food-security","tag-forest-management","tag-livelihoods","tag-youth","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes jeunes: prochaine \u00e9tape dans la gestion des for\u00eats - 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