{"id":23221,"date":"2014-07-14T06:00:18","date_gmt":"2014-07-13T23:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=23221"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:14:48","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:14:48","slug":"onu-redd-et-economie-verte-sont-inseparables","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23221\/onu-redd-et-economie-verte-sont-inseparables","title":{"rendered":"ONU: REDD+ et \u00e9conomie verte sont ins\u00e9parables"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Woman<\/a>
Une femme et son enfant dans la province des Nusa Tenggara oriental en Indon\u00e9sie. REDD+ a le potentiel de soutenir les for\u00eats et les communaut\u00e9s qui en d\u00e9pendent, \u00e0 condition que les projets tiennent compte des int\u00e9r\u00eats des diff\u00e9rentes parties prenantes. Photo: Aulia Erlangga\/CIFOR.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Note de la r\u00e9daction<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> :<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>La REDD+ a \u00e9t\u00e9 un th\u00e8me majeur de discussion au<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em> Sommet de l’Asie sur les For\u00eats<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>, du 5 au 6 mai 2014 \u00e0 Jakarta en Indon\u00e9sie. Lors de ce Sommet, le forum de discussion <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>Voir \u00abvert\u00bb pour la REDD \u2013 Partage d’exp\u00e9riences sur l’\u00e9quit\u00e9 et l’\u00e9conomie des projets pilotes de REDD+<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/strong>, a expos\u00e9 les exp\u00e9riences r\u00e9ussies de mise en \u0153uvre sur le terrain de projets REDD+. On y a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 les d\u00e9fis \u00e0 trouver l’insaisissable \u00e9quilibre gagnant-gagnant entre l’\u00e9quit\u00e9 sociale, la protection des for\u00eats et la croissance \u00e9conomique; la mise en \u0153uvre pratique des projets, leur coordination et les exp\u00e9riences de soutien de l’Office des Nations Unies pour la Coordination de la REDD+ en Indon\u00e9sie (UNORCID), ainsi que les exp\u00e9riences r\u00e9gionales et mondiales du Programme ONU-REDD de trois organismes. Les nombreux projets pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s couvrent un \u00e9ventail de pays \u00e0 divers stades de d\u00e9veloppement dans la r\u00e9gion de l’ASEAN, ainsi que des exemples concrets de mise en \u0153uvre de la REDD+. Lisez la suite <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>ici<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/em>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 sur Landscapes.org<\/a>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

JAKARTA, Indon\u00e9sie \u2014 Le monde est en transition vers une \u00e9conomie verte. Toutefois, les nombreuses synergies entre une plus grande durabilit\u00e9 et le m\u00e9canisme de REDD+, orient\u00e9 vers les for\u00eats, sont sous-utilis\u00e9es, selon un r\u00e9cent rapport des Nations Unies<\/a>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les pays abritant des for\u00eats tropicales ont pr\u00e9par\u00e9 pendant des ann\u00e9es une mise en \u0153uvre \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle de la REDD+. Ils peuvent offrir une richesse de connaissances et d’enseignements sur la grande transition vers une \u00e9conomie verte, selon le rapport.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abSi elle est bien con\u00e7ue, la REDD+ peut contribuer aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments cl\u00e9s d’une \u00e9conomie verte: d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission de carbone, inclusion sociale, am\u00e9lioration du bien-\u00eatre de l’homme et respect du capital naturel\u00bb, selon le rapport, intitul\u00e9 \u00abRenforcer le capital naturel: comment la REDD+ peut soutenir l\u2019\u00e9conomie verte\u00bb, du Groupe d\u2019experts International sur les Ressources du Programme des Nations Unies pour l\u2019Environnement. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Selon le rapport, la relation fonctionne dans les deux sens: la REDD+ est susceptible de se d\u00e9velopper uniquement dans un monde d\u00e9di\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e9cologisation de l’\u00e9conomie mondiale, puisque de nombreuses politiques visant la durabilit\u00e9 pourraient \u00eatre propices \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre de la REDD+.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Jeff McNeely, auteur principal du rapport, d\u00e9clare que pour \u00e9viter les projections d\u00e9sastreuses du Groupe d’Experts Intergouvernemental sur le Changement Climatique concernant le r\u00e9chauffement climatique et ses effets sur l’\u00e9conomie<\/a>, \u00abla transition vers la durabilit\u00e9 doit \u00eatre acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e et non report\u00e9e\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLa REDD+ indique ce qui peut \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9\u00bb, dit-il.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La REDD+ donne une valeur non seulement \u00e0 la s\u00e9questration du carbone par les for\u00eats, mais aux services environnementaux dont des millions de personnes d\u00e9pendent, y compris la gestion de l’eau et les produits forestiers qui soutiennent les moyens de subsistance en milieu rural ainsi que l’\u00e9conomie mondiale. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les liens entre les for\u00eats et leurs services sont de plus en plus reconnus.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abDes entreprises responsables cherchent des fa\u00e7ons pour faire plus avec moins, en d\u00e9couplant la consommation de la croissance \u00e9conomique, en promouvant l’agroforesterie riche en diversit\u00e9 biologique et en cr\u00e9ant des march\u00e9s pour les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques tels que la r\u00e9tention de l’eau\u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. McNeely.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Grace Wong, une chercheuse chevronn\u00e9e au CIFOR qui a contribu\u00e9 au rapport, d\u00e9clare que la REDD+ r\u00e9pond aux pr\u00e9occupations sur l’\u00e9quit\u00e9: la fa\u00e7on dont les co\u00fbts, risques et b\u00e9n\u00e9fices sont partag\u00e9s; qui obtient une voix dans la prise de d\u00e9cision et la r\u00e9solution des diff\u00e9rends. Les le\u00e7ons tir\u00e9es de ce processus pourraient se r\u00e9v\u00e9ler b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques pour promouvoir l’\u00e9quit\u00e9 dans les efforts pour atteindre l\u2019\u00e9conomie verte.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e9anmoins, m\u00eame dans le cadre de la REDD+, l’\u00e9quit\u00e9 d\u00e9pend du contexte. Certains projets sont fondamentalement plus ou moins \u00e9quitables que d’autres, indique le rapport.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abDans beaucoup de pays o\u00f9 pourrait s’appliquer la REDD+, la question de l’\u00e9quit\u00e9 demeure tr\u00e8s peu pr\u00e9sente sur l’agenda. Elle est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e moins importante que l’efficacit\u00e9 ou la rentabilit\u00e9\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Mme Wong.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Une r\u00e9cente analyse m\u00e9diatique<\/a> des discours publics sur la REDD+ a constat\u00e9 que de nombreux gouvernements de pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement riches en for\u00eats sont plus pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par le fait d\u2019\u00eatre trait\u00e9s de fa\u00e7on \u00e9quitable lors des n\u00e9gociations internationales sur la REDD+ que par l’\u00e9quit\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Plusieurs changements politiques, sur l’\u00e9quit\u00e9 et les droits requis afin que la REDD+ puisse mieux se d\u00e9velopper, sont \u00e9galement n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 une \u00e9conomie verte. Selon la d\u00e9finition du rapport, cette derni\u00e8re est une \u00e9conomie \u00abqui se traduit par une am\u00e9lioration du bien-\u00eatre humain et l’\u00e9quit\u00e9 sociale, tout en r\u00e9duisant de mani\u00e8re significative les risques environnementaux et p\u00e9nuries \u00e9cologiques\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abSi nous sommes s\u00e9rieux sur la REDD+ et l’\u00e9conomie verte, beaucoup de changements politiques, tels qu\u2019une r\u00e9forme fonci\u00e8re, devront avoir lieu\u00bb, dit Mme Wong. \u00abViser une \u00e9conomie verte pourrait cr\u00e9er des conditions positives, propices pour la REDD+, telles qu\u2019une coordination plus \u00e9troite entre les diff\u00e9rents secteurs du gouvernement, ou des r\u00e9formes de la fiscalit\u00e9 et des r\u00e9gimes de subventions encourageant des pratiques respectueuses de l’environnement plut\u00f4t que de soutenir uniquement l’extraction.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le manque d’argent \u00abn\u2019est pas une excuse\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Les initiatives d\u2019\u00e9conomie verte et de REDD+ sont min\u00e9es par les subventions d\u00e9mesur\u00e9es aux combustibles fossiles. Celles-ci favorisent davantage les \u00e9missions de carbone et acc\u00e9l\u00e8rent le changement climatique, selon le rapport. Avec 480 milliards de dollars par an, les combustibles fossiles sont fortement subventionn\u00e9s et les grands pays industriels, tels que la Chine, l’Allemagne, l’Australie et les \u00c9tats-Unis, en sont d\u00e9pendants.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00e9aliser la REDD+ co\u00fbterait, pour sa part, 30 milliards de dollars par an.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abIl s’agit d\u2019une somme d\u00e9risoire par rapport aux subventions sur les combustibles fossiles \u00e9mettant du carbone. Avec suffisamment de fonds, des surfaces importantes de for\u00eat tropicale peuvent \u00eatre conserv\u00e9es \u00e0 perp\u00e9tuit\u00e9\u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. McNeely.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLe manque d’argent n\u2019est pas une excuse valable pour s\u2019abstenir de soutenir la REDD+ au niveau requis\u00bb, souligne le rapport. En outre, le financement de la REDD+ devrait \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une opportunit\u00e9 d’investissement dans le d\u00e9veloppement durable, en d\u00e9sinvestissant le d\u00e9veloppement non durable.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bien que des d\u00e9fis persistent, le financement de la REDD+ fait son chemin. \u00c0 la 19<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e8me<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span> Conf\u00e9rence des Parties \u00e0 Varsovie, les Etats membres ont adopt\u00e9 des \u00abr\u00e8gles\u00bb pour la mise en \u0153uvre de la REDD+. Les engagements des pays donateurs tels que les \u00c9tats-Unis, la Norv\u00e8ge et le Royaume-Uni<\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/span>signifient que l’initiative est d\u00e9sormais soutenue par 6,27 milliards de dollars.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abCe signal politique clair apporte un \u00e9lan suppl\u00e9mentaire \u00e0 la REDD+ et ouvre de nouvelles opportunit\u00e9s pour attirer des investissements du secteur priv\u00e9 afin de conserver les for\u00eats du monde\u00bb, selon le rapport. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce rapport est le r\u00e9sultat de six mois de discussions et de recherches par un groupe de travail, institu\u00e9 par le Groupe d\u2019experts International sur les Ressources, visant \u00e0 concr\u00e9tiser la fa\u00e7on dont la REDD+ et l’\u00e9conomie verte peuvent se compl\u00e9ter.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Une des conclusions est que les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques fournis par les for\u00eats tropicales sont estim\u00e9s \u00e0 6 120 dollars par hectare et par an en moyenne. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abMalgr\u00e9 ce cas clair de macro-\u00e9conomie, le total des moyennes annuelles de pertes foresti\u00e8res s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 13 millions d’hectares par an. L\u2019\u00e9quivalent d\u2019une surface d’un terrain de football est d\u00e9truite toutes les trois secondes\u00bb, souligne le rapport. Selon lui, ce taux de perte est signe de \u00abl\u2019incapacit\u00e9 institutionnelle\u00bb \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer le capital naturel dans les politiques touchant l\u2019\u00e9conomie et le d\u00e9veloppement.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur ce sujet, veuillez contacter Grace Wong \u00e0 g.wong@cgiar.org<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Note de la r\u00e9daction : La REDD+ a \u00e9t\u00e9 un th\u00e8me majeur de discussion au Sommet de l’Asie sur les For\u00eats, du 5 au 6 mai 2014 \u00e0 Jakarta en Indon\u00e9sie. Lors de ce Sommet, le forum de discussion Voir \u00abvert\u00bb pour la REDD \u2013 Partage d’exp\u00e9riences sur l’\u00e9quit\u00e9 et l’\u00e9conomie des projets pilotes de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":22154,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,1072,180,151,184],"tags":[38,47,326,82,863,471,123,4387],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[206],"class_list":["post-23221","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-landscapes","category-mitigating-climate-change","category-redd-2","category-value-chains-finance","tag-carbon-emissions","tag-conservation","tag-governance","tag-green-economy","tag-green-growth","tag-mitigation","tag-redd","tag-unep","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nONU: REDD+ et \u00e9conomie verte sont ins\u00e9parables - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23221\/onu-redd-et-economie-verte-sont-inseparables\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ONU: REDD+ et \u00e9conomie verte sont ins\u00e9parables\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Note de la r\u00e9daction : La REDD+ a \u00e9t\u00e9 un th\u00e8me majeur de discussion au Sommet de l’Asie sur les For\u00eats, du 5 au 6 mai 2014 \u00e0 Jakarta en Indon\u00e9sie. 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