{"id":23060,"date":"2014-07-03T06:00:50","date_gmt":"2014-07-02T23:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=23060"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:49:45","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:49:45","slug":"comment-mieux-gerer-les-forets-et-les-exploitations-agricoles-en-en-discutant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/23060\/comment-mieux-gerer-les-forets-et-les-exploitations-agricoles-en-en-discutant","title":{"rendered":"Comment mieux g\u00e9rer les for\u00eats et les exploitations agricoles? En en discutant"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"9675568237_0cb84c1de3_z\"<\/a>
La fum\u00e9e recouvre le paysage, suite aux feux de for\u00eat dans les plantations de palmiers \u00e0 huile de la province indon\u00e9sienne de Riau sur l’\u00eele de Sumatra. Photo:\u00a0Aulia Erlangga\/CIFOR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/span>Note de la r\u00e9daction :<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>Le Dialogue sur les For\u00eats<\/a> a fait l’objet d’une<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span> s\u00e9ance de discussion lors du Sommet de l\u2019Asie sur les For\u00eats<\/a>, les 5 et 6 mai 2014 \u00e0 Jakarta en Indon\u00e9sie. Ce forum, <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>Dialogue sur l’\u00e9volution des perspectives de nourriture, carburant, fibres et for\u00eats en Indon\u00e9sie : Le cas du Kalimantan central<\/a> est d\u00e9taill\u00e9<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span> ici<\/a>.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 dans l\u2019\u00e9dition du 24 avril 2014<\/a> du Jakarta Globe.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c0 Riau \u00e0 Sumatra, le probl\u00e8me de fum\u00e9e persistant, avec un fort impact et de grande envergure, a rappel\u00e9 la difficult\u00e9 de g\u00e9rer les paysages lorsque certains \u00abpoints de basculement\u00bb ont \u00e9t\u00e9 franchis. Ceci fait penser \u00e0 l’adage de la fermeture de la porte de l’\u00e9curie apr\u00e8s que le cheval se soit \u00e9chapp\u00e9. Pourtant, les probl\u00e8mes r\u00e9cents \u00e0 Riau ne sont qu’un exemple parmi d’autres \u00e0 travers le monde entier, tels que les conflits concernant l’utilisation des terres en Amazonie ou le soi-disant \u00abaccaparement des terres\u00bb pour l’expansion agricole en Afrique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les paysages sont transform\u00e9s par l\u2019homme depuis que nos anc\u00eatres ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 pratiquer l’agriculture. L’ampleur et le rythme du changement se sont acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9s au cours des 100 et surtout des 50 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Les forces \u00e9conomiques et sociales, telles que l’augmentation de la demande en nourriture et en biocarburants, ainsi que les changements d\u00e9mographiques, continueront \u00e0 transformer les paysages au niveau mondial.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La bonne gestion des transformations paysag\u00e8res est cruciale pour atteindre des r\u00e9sultats durables, pr\u00e9sentant des avantages \u00e9conomiques et sociaux sans avoir des co\u00fbts environnementaux ou sociaux inacceptables. L\u2019Indon\u00e9sie ainsi que d’autres pays \u00e9mergents, riches en terres et en ressources, continueront \u00e0 faire l’objet d\u2019un grand nombre de ces transformations. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cependant, il est difficile, souvent m\u00eame tr\u00e8s difficile, de bien g\u00e9rer les transformations paysag\u00e8res. Les processus ordonn\u00e9s et planifi\u00e9s, tels que ceux con\u00e7us par des universitaires ou les bureaucrates, qui ont l’air bien sur les cartes des \u00e9crans d’ordinateurs, sont presque impossibles \u00e0 mettre en pratique. De nombreux int\u00e9r\u00eats divergents doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9concili\u00e9s: certains d’entre eux sont tr\u00e8s urgents, tels que l’am\u00e9lioration des revenus des populations pauvres; d’autres sont difficiles \u00e0 \u00e9valuer, tels que la biodiversit\u00e9 et l\u2019att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique. En outre, dans tous les pays, il existe des limites au pouvoir r\u00e9el des gouvernements de g\u00e9rer les changements sur le terrain.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour ces raisons, les transformations paysag\u00e8res sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d\u00e9sordonn\u00e9es plut\u00f4t qu\u2019ordonn\u00e9es, contest\u00e9es plut\u00f4t qu\u2019accept\u00e9es. Elles aboutissent donc souvent \u00e0 des r\u00e9sultats sous-optimaux pour les personnes et l’environnement, ainsi qu\u2019entre les int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e0 court et \u00e0 long terme. Les processus de changement favorisent certaines personnes plus que d’autres et d\u00e9laissent souvent les pauvres. Les gouvernements, entreprises et communaut\u00e9s se trouvent en conflit. Des r\u00e9sultats iniques et inattendus sont communs, tels que l’utilisation du feu dans les tourbi\u00e8res.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Alors, que faire?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Une conclusion durement retenue, tir\u00e9e d’exp\u00e9riences dans le monde entier, est la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de comprendre le paysage dans son ensemble (pas seulement sa g\u00e9ographie et ses \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes, mais \u00e9galement ses habitants et valeurs), ainsi que de partager et d\u2019int\u00e9grer ces connaissances parmi les int\u00e9r\u00eats sectoriels. Une autre le\u00e7on durement apprise est que ceci est beaucoup plus facile \u00e0 dire qu’\u00e0 faire. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Troisi\u00e8mement, il existe de nombreux avantages \u00e0 rassembler tous les groupes de parties prenantes pr\u00e9sents dans un paysage pour converser et n\u00e9gocier, \u00e0 un stade initial plut\u00f4t que tardif.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il y a un mois, c\u2019est exactement ce qu\u2019a fait le Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale, un institut de recherche intergouvernemental mondial ayant son si\u00e8ge \u00e0 Bogor, et Le Dialogue sur les For\u00eats, une plate-forme d\u2019\u00e9change pour de multiples parties prenantes organis\u00e9e \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 de Yale, avec le soutien du gouvernement de Kalimantan central et les minist\u00e8res concern\u00e9s du gouvernement indon\u00e9sien. Soixante-dix personnes ont particip\u00e9, dont 30 en provenance de pays en dehors de l’Indon\u00e9sie, ayant de l’exp\u00e9rience sur ces d\u00e9fis par rapport \u00e0 leurs propres situations et repr\u00e9sentant la diversit\u00e9 des int\u00e9r\u00eats au sein des paysages: communaut\u00e9s traditionnelles et locales; organisations communautaires et non gouvernementales; organismes gouvernementaux ayant des responsabilit\u00e9s de planification, de gestion des terres et de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 travers du territoire; compagnies foresti\u00e8res ou d\u2019huile de palme et leurs organes repr\u00e9sentatifs; ainsi que chercheurs et praticiens.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ils se sont r\u00e9unis pendant quatre jours dans et autour de Palangkaraya afin de comprendre et d\u2019apprendre sur les fa\u00e7ons dont les gouvernements locaux, provinciaux et nationaux planifient et g\u00e8rent les changements paysagers dans le Kalimantan central. Dans cette province, le gouverneur et le gouvernement provincial ont promu la croissance verte au profit des populations locales. Nombreux sont ses paysages d\u00e9grad\u00e9s qui pourraient b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d’investissements \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, tels que ceux intent\u00e9s par les plantations de palmiers \u00e0 huile. En outre, des valeurs environnementales d’importance mondiale y existent, telles que le stockage de carbone dans les tourbi\u00e8res et une biodiversit\u00e9 illustr\u00e9e par les orangs-outans.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les participants ont cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 identifier des approches pratiques, qui seraient pertinentes non seulement pour le Kalimantan central, mais \u00e9galement pour les 40 pays qu\u2019ils repr\u00e9sentent ou o\u00f9 ils travaillent.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La premi\u00e8re priorit\u00e9 qu\u2019ils ont identifi\u00e9e est l’int\u00e9gration des plans de d\u00e9veloppement de la province (pour promouvoir le bien-\u00eatre \u00e9conomique et social) aux plans d’am\u00e9nagement (pour d\u00e9terminer o\u00f9 et comment le faire).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La deuxi\u00e8me priorit\u00e9 est la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de renforcer la capacit\u00e9 des populations locales, y compris par une plus grande inclusion, la transparence et l’\u00e9change d’informations, afin de contribuer \u00e0 l’\u00e9laboration de ces plans et de veiller \u00e0 ce que les plans soient un moyen pour une fin et non une fin en soi.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La troisi\u00e8me est la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’\u00e9lever le statut des petits exploitants agricoles et propri\u00e9taires terriens en tant qu\u2019agents de d\u00e9veloppement par libre choix, ainsi que d\u2019assurer des partenariats plus \u00e9quitables et des meilleures connexions aux march\u00e9s.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La quatri\u00e8me priorit\u00e9, en compl\u00e9ment de la troisi\u00e8me, est que la participation du secteur priv\u00e9, soit des entreprises multinationales ou des petites et moyennes entreprises, est essentielle \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019un d\u00e9veloppement durable.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Finalement, la cinqui\u00e8me priorit\u00e9 essentielle que les participants ont reconnu est la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de comprendre les for\u00eats au sein d’un paysage plus vaste, soumises \u00e0 des forces \u00e9conomiques et de d\u00e9veloppement plus larges; de comprendre que les enjeux sociaux, y compris les droits des autochtones et de l\u2019homme, ainsi que l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des moyens de subsistance des communaut\u00e9s, font tout autant partie du paysage que les arbres et les exploitations agricoles.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le dialogue sur le Kalimantan central ne repr\u00e9sente qu’une des nombreuses \u00e9tapes n\u00e9cessaires pour soutenir une meilleure gestion des transformations paysag\u00e8res. Davantage de dialogue entre les parties prenantes, davantage d’engagement \u00e0 l’action et davantage de recherches pour soutenir les bonnes d\u00e9cisions sont n\u00e9cessaires.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Note de la r\u00e9daction : Le Dialogue sur les For\u00eats a fait l’objet d’une s\u00e9ance de discussion lors du Sommet de l\u2019Asie sur les For\u00eats, les 5 et 6 mai 2014 \u00e0 Jakarta en Indon\u00e9sie. Ce forum, Dialogue sur l’\u00e9volution des perspectives de nourriture, carburant, fibres et for\u00eats en Indon\u00e9sie : Le cas du Kalimantan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":22298,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[680],"class_list":["post-23060","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nComment mieux g\u00e9rer les for\u00eats et les exploitations agricoles? 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