{"id":22586,"date":"2014-05-17T01:33:57","date_gmt":"2014-05-16T18:33:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=22586"},"modified":"2015-08-24T15:32:10","modified_gmt":"2015-08-24T08:32:10","slug":"developpement-durable-dans-le-bassin-du-congo-au-dela-du-programme-pour-la-biodiversite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/22586\/developpement-durable-dans-le-bassin-du-congo-au-dela-du-programme-pour-la-biodiversite","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9veloppement durable dans le bassin du Congo: aller au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019agenda sur la biodiversit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"A<\/a>
Oiseau sauvage au Cameroun. La conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 la principale priorit\u00e9 environnementale en Afrique centrale. Photo:Terry Sunderland\/CIFOR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Note de la r\u00e9daction :<\/b><\/span><\/span> Une version de cet article <\/span><\/span>a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e<\/a> <\/span><\/span>dans le bulletin du Beahrs Programme de Leadership Environnemental de l’Universit\u00e9 de Californie \u2013 Berkeley.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 la principale priorit\u00e9 environnementale en Afrique centrale. Les liens entre la Convention sur la Diversit\u00e9 Biologique<\/a> (CDB) et la Convention<\/a> (CCNUCC) semblent \u00eatre solides avec la REDD+ (R\u00e9duction des Emissions issues de la D\u00e9forestation et la D\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats). Certains des objectifs d\u2019Aichi<\/a> (5, 7, 11 et 15) de la CDB et les sauvegardes environnementales de la REDD+ (CCNUCC) constituent des bonnes connexions entre les deux conventions. La REDD+ a ainsi \u00e9merg\u00e9 comme un moyen de conserver la biodiversit\u00e9 dans le bassin du Congo<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Parmi les priorit\u00e9s de la CCNUCC dans la r\u00e9gion, l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique, qui semble \u00eatre davantage proche du d\u00e9veloppement des communaut\u00e9s, n\u2019a pas re\u00e7u la m\u00eame attention que la REDD+<\/a>. Avec le soutien de la Banque Africaine de D\u00e9veloppement (BAD) et de la Communaut\u00e9 Economique des Etats de l\u2019Afrique Centrale (CEEAC\/ECCAS), le CIFOR et ses partenaires mettent en \u0153uvre un projet sur la synergie entre l\u2019adaptation et l\u2019att\u00e9nuation. Apr\u00e8s COFCAA (For\u00eats du Bassin du Congo et Adaptation au Changement Climatique), c\u2019est l\u2019un des<\/a><\/span> <\/a>rares projets r\u00e9gionaux sur l\u2019adaptation dans le bassin du Congo<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement rural, exempt de facteurs de stress tels que le changement climatique, est cens\u00e9 \u00eatre associ\u00e9 \u00e0 la gestion de la biodiversit\u00e9, dans la perspective de r\u00e9aliser des objectifs de conservation \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur et \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur des aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es. L\u2019application des deux conventions ne se fait pas en vase clos. Les activit\u00e9s men\u00e9es par le secteur forestier dans le cadre de ces conventions ont d\u2019une mani\u00e8re ou d\u2019une autre des liens vers le processus de d\u00e9veloppement cibl\u00e9 par les pays de la r\u00e9gion. Les pays du bassin du Congo envisagent d\u2019\u00eatre des \u00e9conomies \u00e9mergentes dans une ou deux d\u00e9cennies.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En se basant sur les perspectives de Rio 92 (et celles des Sommets de la Terre suivants), construites g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement autour d\u2019objectifs socio-\u00e9conomiques et \u00e9cologiques, il est \u00e9vident que<\/span> l\u2019agenda est inachev\u00e9 dans le bassin du Congo<\/a>. Le bassin du Congo est actuellement caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par la coexistence de points chauds de biodiversit\u00e9 ; stocks importants de carbone forestier ; circonstances de conflit et de post-conflit ; proportions importantes de communaut\u00e9s pauvres, sous-aliment\u00e9es, en mauvaise sant\u00e9 et<\/span> vuln\u00e9rables face au climat<\/a>, vivant dans des zones \u00e9loign\u00e9es o\u00f9 les connexions aux sources modernes d\u2019\u00e9nergie sont rares, etc.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Contrairement aux perceptions dans le monde d\u00e9velopp\u00e9, le d\u00e9veloppement et la conservation ont \u00e9t\u00e9 per\u00e7us comme antagonistes dans les pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement. La for\u00eat et la production agricole intensive semblent \u00eatre incompatibles<\/a>. Selon un r\u00e9cent rapport de la Banque mondiale<\/a>, certaines des conditions (\u00e9loignement, faible niveau de financement et d\u2019investissement dans le secteur agricole, peu d\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re, faible consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique par m\u00e9nage, etc.), qui ont contribu\u00e9 au maintien de la biodiversit\u00e9 et au stockage du carbone forestier en Afrique centrale, changeront dans un avenir proche, avec un risque d\u2019augmenter la d\u00e9forestation<\/a>. Sans forte volont\u00e9 et sans changement en profondeur, consistant \u00e0 aller au-del\u00e0 du secteur de la biodiversit\u00e9 pour la sauver, les efforts actuels risquent d\u2019\u00eatre vaines. Il est difficile de croire que le bassin du Congo sera sauv\u00e9 par la mani\u00e8re dont la CDB et la CCNUCC sont mises en \u0153uvre.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le sommet des chefs d\u2019Etat du bassin du Congo en mars 1999 a donn\u00e9 naissance \u00e0 la D\u00e9claration de Yaound\u00e9, traduite en juillet 2004 par la Commission des For\u00eats d\u2019Afrique Centrale (COMIFAC) en un plan sur 10 ans pour la conservation et la gestion durable des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes d\u2019Afrique centrale. Au sein de la Communaut\u00e9 Economique des Etats de l\u2019Afrique Centrale (CEEAC\/ECCAS<\/a>), le secteur forestier est probablement l\u2019un des plus organis\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la COMIFAC, avec le Partenariat pour les For\u00eats du Bassin du Congo (PFBC)<\/a> comme plateforme et avec un int\u00e9r\u00eat de tous les partenaires au secteur.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La facilitation am\u00e9ricaine actuelle<\/a><\/span> aidera probablement \u00e0 revoir le plan actuel sur 10 ans pour la biodiversit\u00e9 et \u00e0 organiser un autre sommet des chefs d\u2019Etat, afin d\u2019examiner la d\u00e9claration de Yaound\u00e9. Le pr\u00e9sident Barack Obama, qui recevra \u00e0 Washington ses pairs de la r\u00e9gion lors du Sommet des Dirigeants US-Afrique en ao\u00fbt, a dans le pass\u00e9 \u00e9t\u00e9 dispos\u00e9 \u00e0 soutenir la r\u00e9duction de la d\u00e9forestation dans le bassin du Congo<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 d\u2019autres initiatives, les sommets \u00e0 venir (\u00e0 Washington et dans le bassin du Congo) repr\u00e9sentent de bonnes opportunit\u00e9s pour faire progresser l\u2019agenda au-del\u00e0 de la biodiversit\u00e9. Ces sommets peuvent offrir des possibilit\u00e9s pour que le d\u00e9veloppement durable devienne une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 dans cette partie du monde. Le r\u00eave est de voir la foresterie (conservation, exploitations foresti\u00e8res industrielles et \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle, plantations), les industries (agro-industries, mines, etc.) et les activit\u00e9s des petits exploitants (agriculture, gestion des produits forestiers non ligneux, etc.) non seulement coexister, mais prosp\u00e9rer ensemble en Afrique.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Note de la r\u00e9daction : Une version de cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e dans le bulletin du Beahrs Programme de Leadership Environnemental de l’Universit\u00e9 de Californie \u2013 Berkeley. La conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 la principale priorit\u00e9 environnementale en Afrique centrale. Les liens entre la Convention sur la Diversit\u00e9 Biologique (CDB) et la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":87,"featured_media":22448,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,137,180],"tags":[31,4378,772,123],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2999],"coauthors":[873],"class_list":["post-22586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-forest-management-restoration","category-mitigating-climate-change","tag-biodiversity","tag-central-africa","tag-congo-basin","tag-redd","language-francais","type-francais-analyses"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nD\u00e9veloppement durable dans le bassin du Congo: aller au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019agenda sur la biodiversit\u00e9 - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/22586\/developpement-durable-dans-le-bassin-du-congo-au-dela-du-programme-pour-la-biodiversite\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u00e9veloppement durable dans le bassin du Congo: aller au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019agenda sur la biodiversit\u00e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Note de la r\u00e9daction : Une version de cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e dans le bulletin du Beahrs Programme de Leadership Environnemental de l’Universit\u00e9 de Californie \u2013 Berkeley. La conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 la principale priorit\u00e9 environnementale en Afrique centrale. 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