{"id":21983,"date":"2014-04-07T15:56:20","date_gmt":"2014-04-07T08:56:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=21983"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:32:48","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:32:48","slug":"la-certification-des-forets-ameliore-les-standards-sociaux-dans-le-bassin-du-congo-etude","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/21983\/la-certification-des-forets-ameliore-les-standards-sociaux-dans-le-bassin-du-congo-etude","title":{"rendered":"La certification des for\u00eats am\u00e9liore les standards sociaux dans le Bassin du Congo – \u00e9tude"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Certified<\/a>
Kalimantan, Indon\u00e9sie. Michael Padmanaba\/CIFOR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie \u2014 Une nouvelle recherche<\/a><\/span> men\u00e9e au Cameroun, au Gabon et en R\u00e9publique du Congo montre que les Unit\u00e9s d’am\u00e9nagement forestier (UAF) certifi\u00e9es \u2013 des concessions foresti\u00e8res d’exploitation dirig\u00e9es par des entit\u00e9s industrielles l\u00e9galement reconnues \u2013 ont un lien avec l’am\u00e9lioration des conditions de travail et de vie, contrairement aux UAF non-certifi\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abNotre \u00e9tude montre qu’il existe un lien important entre la pr\u00e9sence de la certification et l’am\u00e9lioration des conditions de travail et de vie \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur et autour des UAF certifi\u00e9es dans le Bassin du Congo\u00bb, explique Paolo Cerutti, chercheur chevronn\u00e9 du <\/span>Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale <\/span><\/span>(CIFOR).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abIl y a eu plus de retomb\u00e9es sociales positives dans les UAF certifi\u00e9es que dans les UAF non-certifi\u00e9es parce que les entreprises doivent adh\u00e9rer \u00e0 un programme pour la mise en place de normes qui couvrent de multiples crit\u00e8res et qui est v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 par une tierce partie lors d’\u00e9valuations r\u00e9guli\u00e8res.\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n

Il y a \u00e9galement eu des am\u00e9liorations \u00abparce que les entreprises \u00e9taient oblig\u00e9es de maintenir une communication permanente avec la population locale, et parce qu’elles ont mieux g\u00e9r\u00e9 les risques pour leur r\u00e9putation\u00bb, ajoute Guillaume Lescuyer, l’un des co-auteurs du rapport, chercheur au CIFOR et au <\/span>CIRAD<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> (Centre de coop\u00e9ration internationale en recherche agronomique pour le d\u00e9veloppement)<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

UNE APPROCHE MESUREE<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

La certification des for\u00eats, qui assure que le bois soit produit selon des normes volontaires sp\u00e9cifiques et v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es par une tierce partie, a \u00e9t\u00e9 promue comme un moyen de combattre la d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats depuis le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1990.<\/span><\/p>\n

En mai 2012, la zone de for\u00eats certifi\u00e9es repr\u00e9sentait 394 millions d’hectares \u00e0 travers le monde, avec 92% de for\u00eats certifi\u00e9es dans l’h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord et seulement 2% dans les tropiques, selon le document commun \u00ab<\/span>Forest Products Annual Market Review 2011-2012<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00bb, produit par la Commission \u00e9conomique pour l’Europe des Nations Unies (CEE-ONU) et l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture (FAO).<\/span><\/p>\n

Le <\/span>Forest Stewardship Council<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> (FSC) et le Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) font partie des principaux syst\u00e8mes de certification internationaux. Ils soutiennent de nombreux syst\u00e8mes nationaux, comme le Malaysian Timber Certification System, l’American Tree Farm System (ATFS), le Canadian Standards Association et le Canada\u2019s Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI)<\/span><\/span>. Plus t\u00f4t dans l’ann\u00e9e, le <\/span><\/span>China Forest Certification Scheme<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>approuv\u00e9<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> par le PEFC. L’Indon\u00e9sie a aussi son propre syst\u00e8me, l’<\/span><\/span>Indonesian Ecolabelling Institute<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> (LEI-Lembaga Ekolabel Indonesia).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dans les tropiques, le syst\u00e8me de certification de gestion foresti\u00e8re responsable le plus connu est le FSC, qui contr\u00f4le les enterprises et les UAF pour s’assurer qu’elles adh\u00e8rent aux principes, crit\u00e8res et indicateurs pr\u00e9-\u00e9tablis.<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 le soutien de groupes intellectuels, \u00e9cologistes et sociaux, de gouvernements et du secteur priv\u00e9, l’impact social des normes FSC, qui devrait mener \u00e0 de meilleures relations entre les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res <\/span>et la population locale en contribuant au d\u00e9veloppement local, n’est pas suffisamment \u00e9tudi\u00e9, en particulier dans la r\u00e9gion du Bassin du Congo, selon les chercheurs.<\/span><\/p>\n

La recherche du CIFOR, en partie financ\u00e9e par le World Wide Fund for Nature, visait \u00e0 \u00e9valuer l’impact social des UAF certifi\u00e9es ou non FSC au Cameroun, au Gabon et en R\u00e9publique du Congo, \u00e0 comparer les cons\u00e9quences sur les deux groupes et \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer si les diff\u00e9rences entre ces cons\u00e9quences peuvent \u00eatre attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 l’adoption et l’application de la certification FSC.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le Bassin du Congo a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi pour l’\u00e9tude parce qu’en 2013, il avait environ 5,3 millions d’hectares de for\u00eat tropicale naturelle certifi\u00e9e \u2013 la plus grande zone de for\u00eat tropicale certifi\u00e9e au monde, selon le <\/span>FSC<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>, repr\u00e9sentant environ 1,35% de toutes les for\u00eats certifi\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les chercheurs ont entrepris une revue des m\u00e9canismes adopt\u00e9<\/span>s par les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res dans 18 UAF certifi\u00e9es et non certifi\u00e9es afin d’\u00e9valuer les conditions de vie et de travail des employ\u00e9s des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res et de leur famille.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ils ont aussi mesur\u00e9 l’e<\/span>fficacit\u00e9 et la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 des institutions qui r\u00e9gulent les relations entre les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res et les communaut\u00e9s voisines, ainsi que les droits et les usages coutumiers de la for<\/span><\/span>\u00eat exerc\u00e9s par les populations locales.<\/span><\/p>\n

RESULTATS MESURES<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

La recherche montre qu’il existe des diff\u00e9rences significatives entre les UAF certifi\u00e9es et non-certifi\u00e9es. Les UAF certifi\u00e9es sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement associ\u00e9es \u00e0 des conditions de travail et de vie am\u00e9lior\u00e9es autour des scieries, avec un acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’eau, aux \u00e9quipements m\u00e9dicaux, au logement, \u00e0 l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la gestion des ordures.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abNous avons constat\u00e9 qu’un dialogue ouvert entre la population locale et l’entreprise m\u00e8ne \u00e0 une meilleure satisfaction des employ\u00e9s et que les m\u00e9canismes de partage de b\u00e9n\u00e9fices mis en place par les compagnies am\u00e9liore la redistribution des fonds vers les communaut\u00e9s locales\u00bb, explique Cerutti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lescuyer ajoute: \u00abNous avons \u00e9galement observ\u00e9 que la pr\u00e9sence d’une UAF, certifi\u00e9e ou non, n’\u00e9tait pas li\u00e9e \u00e0 un changement significatif de l’agriculture locale, la chasse ou la r\u00e9colte de produits non-ligneux \u00e0 des fins commerciales, bien que ces pratiques soient interdites par les r\u00e9gulations foresti\u00e8res.\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n

Les changements positifs qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mesur\u00e9s ne signifient pas encore qu’il y a des impacts positifs sur le long terme pour les moyens de subsistance de toutes les personnes vivant dans et autour des UAF certifi\u00e9es, cautionne Cerutti.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abCependant, des variables sociales mesur\u00e9es ont sembl\u00e9 indiquer qu’il existe une fronti\u00e8re claire entre le bois certifi\u00e9 et non-certifi\u00e9, et que le progr\u00e8s vers une gestion durable de la for\u00eat a davantage \u00e9t\u00e9 conduit par la certification que par les lois actuelles.\u00bb, dit-il.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les chercheurs constatent que pour progresser, il faut parfois corriger l’absence ou la faiblesse de l’application de la loi. Parfois pour progresser, les entreprises dot\u00e9es d’UAF certifi\u00e9es doivent assumer le r<\/span><\/span>\u00f4le de \u00abl’\u00e9tat absent\u00bb pour \u00e9viter des situations conflictuelles qui pourraient mettre en p\u00e9ril leur statut de certifi\u00e9 ou leur r\u00e9putation.<\/span><\/p>\n

Par cons\u00e9quent, l’impact social positif apport\u00e9 par la certification pr\u00e9sente le risque de <\/span>perp\u00e9tuer<\/span><\/span> le r\u00f4le historique des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res qui op\u00e8rent comme un \u00ab\u00e9tat dans l’\u00e9tat\u00bb, une pratique qui devrait \u00eatre abandonn\u00e9e, selon Cerutti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’information sur les questions discut\u00e9es dans cet article, veuillez contacter Paolo Cerutti sur <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/em>p.cerutti@cgiar.org<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Ce travail s\u2019inscrit dans le cadre du <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/em>Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l\u2019agroforesterie<\/a><\/b><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/span><\/span>avec le soutien de World Wide Fund for Nature.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie \u2014 Une nouvelle recherche men\u00e9e au Cameroun, au Gabon et en R\u00e9publique du Congo montre que les Unit\u00e9s d’am\u00e9nagement forestier (UAF) certifi\u00e9es \u2013 des concessions foresti\u00e8res d’exploitation dirig\u00e9es par des entit\u00e9s industrielles l\u00e9galement reconnues \u2013 ont un lien avec l’am\u00e9lioration des conditions de travail et de vie, contrairement aux UAF non-certifi\u00e9es. \u00abNotre \u00e9tude […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":21997,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[989],"class_list":["post-21983","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa certification des for\u00eats am\u00e9liore les standards sociaux dans le Bassin du Congo - 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