{"id":21653,"date":"2014-03-07T23:57:58","date_gmt":"2014-03-07T16:57:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=21653"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:41:33","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:41:33","slug":"heroine-de-la-foret-anne-hallum-face-a-la-pauvrete-au-guatemala-grace-a-lagroforesterie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/21653\/heroine-de-la-foret-anne-hallum-face-a-la-pauvrete-au-guatemala-grace-a-lagroforesterie","title":{"rendered":"H\u00c9RO\u00cfNE DE LA FOR\u00caT: Anne Hallum r\u00e9duit la pauvret\u00e9 au Guatemala gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’agroforesterie"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Anne Hallum de l’Alliance pour le Reboisement International et des enfants guat\u00e9malt\u00e8ques participant \u00e0 un projet d’agroforesterie. Photo: AIR Guatemala<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Note de la r\u00e9daction : <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/em>La Journ\u00e9e Internationale de la Femme est c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9e le samedi 8 mars. En honneur des nombreuses contributions des femmes \u00e0 la foresterie, <\/span><\/span><\/em>Nouvelles des For\u00eats<\/span><\/span><\/em> publie des histoires de lecteurs sur leurs \u00abh\u00e9ro\u00efnes de la for\u00eat\u00bb – des femmes ayant consacr\u00e9 leur vie \u00e0 faire une diff\u00e9rence pour les for\u00eats du monde et les personnes qui y vivent. Durant toute la semaine, nous allons partager ces histoires de femmes. Dans celle-ci, notre blogueur invit\u00e9 Caity Peterson raconte son h\u00e9ro\u00efne de la for\u00eat, Anne Hallum.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Au Guatemala, un paysage verdoyant et brumeux de la campagne pr\u00e8s de Chimaltenango abrite des ruines mayas – et une v\u00e9rit\u00e9 ancienne. Le nom des ruines, Iximch\u00e9<\/a>, signifie \u00abarbre de ma\u00efs\u00bb dans la langue indig\u00e8ne cakchiquel, ce qui me fait penser que les anciens savaient quelque chose sur la relation entre les arbres et la nourriture.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cependant, les choses ont chang\u00e9 depuis les jours de gloire d\u2019Iximch\u00e9 et l\u2019expansion de l’agriculture a entra\u00een\u00e9 la disparition des for\u00eats. L\u2019agriculture itin\u00e9rante sur br\u00fblis est une pratique commune au Guatemala et les for\u00eats d’Am\u00e9rique centrale souffrent d’un taux de d\u00e9forestation encore plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s que l’Amazonie.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Depuis 1992, Anne Hallum de l’Alliance pour le Reboisement International <\/a>(AIR) travaille pour inverser cette tendance via l’\u00e9ducation et l’autonomisation de communaut\u00e9s guat\u00e9malt\u00e8ques dans la mise en \u0153uvre de l’agroforesterie. Dans les communaut\u00e9s o\u00f9 Anne a travaill\u00e9, les arbres et le ma\u00efs peuvent de nouveau \u00eatre vus dans le m\u00eame paysage.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Plac\u00e9e dans le contexte d’une guerre civile de plusieurs d\u00e9cennies, AIR Guatemala a d\u00e9but\u00e9<\/a> avec la d\u00e9termination de cette femme seule. Depuis lors, AIR s\u2019est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e et a facilit\u00e9 des projets d’agroforesterie dans plus de 140 communaut\u00e9s au centre du Guatemala, la construction de pr\u00e8s de 800 po\u00eales en briques \u00e9conomes en combustible et la plantation de pr\u00e8s de 4 millions d’arbres.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Quand j’ai rejoint Anne au Guatemala pour un stage de deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e universitaire, j’ai pu constater par moi-m\u00eame l’utilit\u00e9 du travail d\u2019AIR. Des d\u00e9cennies de d\u00e9gradation des sols due \u00e0 la coupe \u00e0 blanc, l’agriculture sur br\u00fblis et l’utilisation de produits agricoles chimiques avaient fait de l\u2019\u00e9rosion du sol – et des glissements de terrain connexes \u2013 un probl\u00e8me \u00e9vident. Lorsque je me trouvais \u00e0 l’arri\u00e8re d’une camionnette grin\u00e7ante, flanqu\u00e9e par des pentes rocheuses abruptes et accompagn\u00e9e d’une bo\u00eete d\u2019environ 100 jeunes plants de pin \u00e0 planter ce jour-l\u00e0, je pouvais voir des grandes cicatrices sur les montagnes l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les champs des agriculteurs s\u2019\u00e9taient tout simplement faits emporter.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les glissements de terrain, causant chaque ann\u00e9e de grands dommages et des pertes de vie, sont un risque permanent pour les agriculteurs pauvres en ressources vivant dans cette r\u00e9gion. N\u00e9anmoins, dans les communaut\u00e9s o\u00f9 AIR a travaill\u00e9 les collines rebois\u00e9es sont renforc\u00e9es par les racines de milliers d’arbres. Les techniciens en agroforesterie d’AIR s’installent dans les communaut\u00e9s pour un minimum de cinq ans. Ce temps \u00e9coul\u00e9, la direction est remise aux parties prenantes locales.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

AIR est pass\u00e9e de l’\u0153uvre d’une femme au travail de nombreuses personnes. La direction de l’Alliance a \u00e9t\u00e9 assur\u00e9e en grande partie par des femmes agricultrices ; elles prennent en charge les p\u00e9pini\u00e8res, organisent les r\u00e9unions communautaires et g\u00e9n\u00e8rent des revenus pour leurs familles en faisant des savons et shampoings \u00e0 partir des fruits qu’elles r\u00e9coltent. Les femmes elles-m\u00eames ont \u00e9t\u00e9 autonomis\u00e9es dans le processus de renouvellement de leurs champs.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Une fois, apr\u00e8s une longue journ\u00e9e de plantation d’arbres dans la communaut\u00e9 de Xetonox, je me suis assise sur la colline, les mains et genoux tach\u00e9s de terre noire, lorsque l’une des femmes avec qui j’avais travaill\u00e9 me dit: \u00abNous avions l\u2019habitude de rester \u00e0 la maison toute la journ\u00e9e, mais d\u00e9sormais les femmes se sont r\u00e9unies pour prendre soin des arbres. Nous nous r\u00e9jouissons chaque jour. Les arbres nourrissent nos champs, ce qui signifie qu’ils nourrissent nos familles. Nous ne les couperont plus. Ici \u00e0 Xetonox, vous \u00eates entr\u00e9s dans nos c\u0153urs\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00e9cemment, Anne a re\u00e7u une reconnaissance mondiale<\/a> pour son travail qui r\u00e9duit la pauvret\u00e9 et la d\u00e9forestation au Guatemala. Personnellement, je vois en elle un professeur, une amie et une source d’inspiration. Elle a fait revivre le concept d\u2019Iximch\u00e9, ce lien vital des arbres et de la nourriture avec la conscience des agriculteurs modernes du Guatemala – et elle a habilit\u00e9 les femmes autour d’elle \u00e0 faire de m\u00eame. Pour ces femmes, et pour moi, elle est une h\u00e9ro\u00efne de la for\u00eat. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Caity Peterson est chercheur invit\u00e9 et \u00e9crivain scientifique au Centre International d’Agriculture Tropicale (CIAT)<\/a> \u00e0 Cali en Colombie. <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les opinions exprim\u00e9es ci-dessus sont celles de l’auteur et non celles du Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale<\/a>.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Note de la r\u00e9daction : La Journ\u00e9e Internationale de la Femme est c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9e le samedi 8 mars. En honneur des nombreuses contributions des femmes \u00e0 la foresterie, Nouvelles des For\u00eats publie des histoires de lecteurs sur leurs \u00abh\u00e9ro\u00efnes de la for\u00eat\u00bb – des femmes ayant consacr\u00e9 leur vie \u00e0 faire une diff\u00e9rence pour les for\u00eats […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":21540,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[283],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[208],"class_list":["post-21653","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","tag-latin-america","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nH\u00c9RO\u00cfNE DE LA FOR\u00caT: Anne Hallum r\u00e9duit la pauvret\u00e9 au Guatemala gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'agroforesterie - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/21653\/heroine-de-la-foret-anne-hallum-face-a-la-pauvrete-au-guatemala-grace-a-lagroforesterie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"H\u00c9RO\u00cfNE DE LA FOR\u00caT: Anne Hallum r\u00e9duit la pauvret\u00e9 au Guatemala gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'agroforesterie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Note de la r\u00e9daction : La Journ\u00e9e Internationale de la Femme est c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9e le samedi 8 mars. En honneur des nombreuses contributions des femmes \u00e0 la foresterie, Nouvelles des For\u00eats publie des histoires de lecteurs sur leurs \u00abh\u00e9ro\u00efnes de la for\u00eat\u00bb – des femmes ayant consacr\u00e9 leur vie \u00e0 faire une diff\u00e9rence pour les for\u00eats […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/21653\/heroine-de-la-foret-anne-hallum-face-a-la-pauvrete-au-guatemala-grace-a-lagroforesterie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-03-07T16:57:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-07-07T04:41:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/hallum_guatemala.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1757\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1172\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"CIFOR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@cifor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21653\\\/heroine-de-la-foret-anne-hallum-face-a-la-pauvrete-au-guatemala-grace-a-lagroforesterie#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21653\\\/heroine-de-la-foret-anne-hallum-face-a-la-pauvrete-au-guatemala-grace-a-lagroforesterie\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"CIFOR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/33964b2bd6b16891f0f4e65f2ead043d\"},\"headline\":\"H\u00c9RO\u00cfNE DE LA FOR\u00caT: Anne Hallum r\u00e9duit la pauvret\u00e9 au Guatemala gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’agroforesterie\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-03-07T16:57:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-07-07T04:41:33+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21653\\\/heroine-de-la-foret-anne-hallum-face-a-la-pauvrete-au-guatemala-grace-a-lagroforesterie\"},\"wordCount\":930,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21653\\\/heroine-de-la-foret-anne-hallum-face-a-la-pauvrete-au-guatemala-grace-a-lagroforesterie#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/03\\\/hallum_guatemala.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Latin America\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Forests News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21653\\\/heroine-de-la-foret-anne-hallum-face-a-la-pauvrete-au-guatemala-grace-a-lagroforesterie#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2014\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21653\\\/heroine-de-la-foret-anne-hallum-face-a-la-pauvrete-au-guatemala-grace-a-lagroforesterie\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21653\\\/heroine-de-la-foret-anne-hallum-face-a-la-pauvrete-au-guatemala-grace-a-lagroforesterie\",\"name\":\"H\u00c9RO\u00cfNE DE LA FOR\u00caT: Anne Hallum r\u00e9duit la pauvret\u00e9 au Guatemala gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'agroforesterie - 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