{"id":21524,"date":"2014-03-03T06:00:24","date_gmt":"2014-03-02T23:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=21524"},"modified":"2015-07-06T15:29:18","modified_gmt":"2015-07-06T08:29:18","slug":"une-collaboration-tripartite-est-cruciale-pour-le-controle-des-incendies-en-amazonie-etude","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/21524\/une-collaboration-tripartite-est-cruciale-pour-le-controle-des-incendies-en-amazonie-etude","title":{"rendered":"Une collaboration tripartite est cruciale pour contr\u00f4ler les incendies en Amazonie – \u00e9tude"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Como<\/a>
Dans le cadre de la collaboration tripartite, les scientifiques recueillent des donn\u00e9es sur le climat, sur l’utilisation du feu et d\u00e9veloppent des outils de pr\u00e9vention. Photo: Ernesto Benavides<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

LIMA, P\u00e9rou – La for\u00eat amazonienne, laiss\u00e9e \u00e0 elle-m\u00eame, est trop humide pour br\u00fbler. Mais deux saisons de feux intenses \u2013 l’une en 2005 et l’autre seulement cinq ans plus tard, en 2010 – montrent comment la s\u00e9cheresse combin\u00e9e aux actions de l\u2019homme ont fait ravages sur les for\u00eats, que les scientifiques consid\u00e9raient autrefois comme r\u00e9sistantes au feu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Entre 1999 et 2010, les feux de sous-bois dans la for\u00eat d’Amazonie ont br\u00fbl\u00e9 plus de 85500 km2, selon une \u00e9tude men\u00e9e par la Nasa<\/a>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLes s\u00e9cheresses ne provoqueraient pas de feu en Amazonie occidentale si les hommes n’\u00e9taient pas l\u00e0 pour le d\u00e9clencher\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Katia Fernandes, chercheuse \u00e0 l’Institut International de Recherche sur le Climat<\/a> et \u00e0 la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de l’Universit\u00e9 de Columbia, qui \u00e9tudie le climat et les incendies en collaboration avec des scientifiques du Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR)<\/a>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ainsi les hommes – les agriculteurs, les fonctionnaires des administrations locales et les scientifiques – doivent travailler ensemble pour veiller \u00e0 ce qu’il n’y ait pas de feux<\/a> incontr\u00f4l\u00e9s qui endommagent les for\u00eats, ajoute Miguel Pinedo-V\u00e1squez, chercheur chevronn\u00e9 au CIFOR. \u00abCe doit \u00eatre un effort collaboratif.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M. Pinedo-Vasquez, Mme Fernandes et V\u00edctor Guti\u00e9rrez, un chercheur postdoctoral \u00e0 l’Institut de la Terre de l’Universit\u00e9 Columbia qui travaille en collaboration avec le CIFOR, ont fait un pas important dans cette direction plus t\u00f4t dans l\u2019ann\u00e9e. Ils ont invit\u00e9 des fonctionnaires des cinq r\u00e9gions amazoniennes du P\u00e9rou \u00e0 un atelier dans la ville amazonienne de Pucallpa, o\u00f9 ils ont discut\u00e9 des probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s aux incendies. En outre, ils ont appris \u00e0 se servir d’outils pour pr\u00e9voir les s\u00e9cheresses et identifier les risques d’incendies. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Rassembler l’information<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dans le cadre de la collaboration tripartite, les scientifiques recueillent des donn\u00e9es sur le climat, l’utilisation du feu et l’impact des incendies sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et ils d\u00e9veloppent des outils de pr\u00e9vention. Les fonctionnaires peuvent utiliser ces outils pour les politiques de contr\u00f4le des incendies. En outre, les agriculteurs et les propri\u00e9taires fonciers peuvent suivre les directives politiques afin de modifier leurs pratiques de combustion, en particulier pendant les p\u00e9riodes de s\u00e9cheresse, et peuvent s’associer avec leurs voisins pour un meilleur contr\u00f4le des incendies. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLe feu est un probl\u00e8me dans l’ensemble de l’Amazonie p\u00e9ruvienne, mais chaque r\u00e9gion a ses enjeux propres\u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. Pinedo-V\u00e1squez. \u00abL’atelier a permis aux fonctionnaires de comprendre l’ampleur du probl\u00e8me dans chaque r\u00e9gion, de partager des informations et des strat\u00e9gies. Par ailleurs, ils ont appris \u00e0 concevoir des enqu\u00eates pour recueillir des donn\u00e9es sociales et \u00e9conomiques qu’ils peuvent utiliser comme base pour la politique.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les participants \u00e0 l\u2019atelier ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les saisons r\u00e9centes d\u2019incendies graves les ont incit\u00e9s \u00e0 agir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dans la r\u00e9gion Madre de Dios au sud du P\u00e9rou, les feux locaux combin\u00e9s \u00e0 la fum\u00e9e, en provenance du Br\u00e9sil et de la Bolivie voisins, ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 un danger pour la sant\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abIl y avait beaucoup de probl\u00e8mes respiratoires, de sorte que nous sommes devenus particuli\u00e8rement d\u00e9termin\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Jos\u00e9 Luis S\u00e1nchez, un expert de l’am\u00e9nagement du territoire au gouvernement r\u00e9gional de Madre de Dios.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les fum\u00e9es \u00e9paisses dans la r\u00e9gion d’Ucayali, o\u00f9 l’atelier a eu lieu, ont pouss\u00e9 le gouvernement r\u00e9gional \u00e0 former une \u00e9quipe de sensibilisation sur les risques des incendies et \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des comit\u00e9s locaux de suivi, afin d\u2019\u00e9tablir un calendrier pour les feux et d\u2019avertir les autorit\u00e9s en cas d’incendie incontr\u00f4lable, d\u00e9clare Marco Antonio Vela qui dirige l’\u00e9quipe.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c0 la fin de l’atelier de trois jours, les participants ont appris \u00e0 utiliser des donn\u00e9es climatiques pour pr\u00e9voir les s\u00e9cheresses, pour les combiner \u00e0 des images satellites de \u00abfoyers\u00bb, pour cartographier les risques d’incendies et y ajouter des informations \u00e9conomiques et sociales, afin de d\u00e9terminer qui est le plus vuln\u00e9rable aux risques d’incendies. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Une grande partie de l’information \u00e9tait bas\u00e9e sur des donn\u00e9es recueillies aupr\u00e8s des agriculteurs et des propri\u00e9taires fonciers par M. Pinedo-V\u00e1squez et ses coll\u00e8gues dans la r\u00e9gion d’Ucayali au P\u00e9rou.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La recherche a montr\u00e9 que, pour les agriculteurs, le feu est le moyen le moins cher et le plus facile de d\u00e9fricher les champs et de tuer les tiques dans les p\u00e2turages, dit M. Pinedo-V\u00e1squez. Le feu fournit \u00e9galement une abondance imm\u00e9diate de nutriments, bien que certaines \u00e9tudes indiquent que ceci pourrait causer une baisse<\/a> de la fertilit\u00e9 des sols sur le long terme. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLes agriculteurs disent que, s\u2019ils n’utilisent pas le feu, ils doivent utiliser plus d’engrais\u00bb, dit-il. \u00abDonc, si l’utilisation du feu diminue, leurs co\u00fbts augmentent.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Aux alentours de Pucallpa, la plupart des fermes sont relativement petites et, dans de nombreux cas, le propri\u00e9taire habite en ville plut\u00f4t que dans la ferme. Paradoxalement, le risque d’incendie est plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 l\u00e0 o\u00f9 la population est plus dispers\u00e9e, car il y a moins de voisins pour alerter les autorit\u00e9s sur un feu hors contr\u00f4le et pour aider \u00e0 le contr\u00f4ler<\/a>, dit M. Pinedo-V\u00e1squez.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Lorsqu’on leur a demand\u00e9 ce qu’elles font si un feu est hors de contr\u00f4le, pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 des personnes interrog\u00e9es ont dit qu’elles le laissent simplement br\u00fbler, puisque l’\u00e9quipement de lutte contre les incendies est rare et qu’il peut ne pas y avoir d’eau \u00e0 proximit\u00e9. Si le feu se propage rapidement, les familles pourraient perdre leurs maisons, les r\u00e9coltes et le b\u00e9tail. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bien que la plupart des personnes consid\u00e8rent que les feux hors de contr\u00f4le est un probl\u00e8me environnemental, le travail met en \u00e9vidence l’importance du r\u00f4le des humains.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abIl est primordial de comprendre les donn\u00e9es sur le climat, qui sont disponibles sur Internet, et les changements dans le couvert v\u00e9g\u00e9tal indiqu\u00e9s par les images satellites\u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. Pinedo-V\u00e1squez. \u00abIl est \u00e9galement important de comprendre comment analyser cette information, mais avant tout il est indispensable de comprendre les agriculteurs et les autres personnes impliqu\u00e9es.\u00bb <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur les sujets abord\u00e9s dans cet article, veuillez contacter Miguel Pinedo-V\u00e1squez \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>m.pinedo-vasquez@cgiar.org<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> Cette recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre du <\/span><\/span>Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l’agroforesterie<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/em>
\n<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

LIMA, P\u00e9rou – La for\u00eat amazonienne, laiss\u00e9e \u00e0 elle-m\u00eame, est trop humide pour br\u00fbler. Mais deux saisons de feux intenses \u2013 l’une en 2005 et l’autre seulement cinq ans plus tard, en 2010 – montrent comment la s\u00e9cheresse combin\u00e9e aux actions de l\u2019homme ont fait ravages sur les for\u00eats, que les scientifiques consid\u00e9raient autrefois comme […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":21034,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[1224],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[831],"class_list":["post-21524","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","tag-south-america","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUne collaboration tripartite est cruciale pour contr\u00f4ler les incendies en Amazonie - \u00e9tude - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/21524\/une-collaboration-tripartite-est-cruciale-pour-le-controle-des-incendies-en-amazonie-etude\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Une collaboration tripartite est cruciale pour contr\u00f4ler les incendies en Amazonie - \u00e9tude\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LIMA, P\u00e9rou – La for\u00eat amazonienne, laiss\u00e9e \u00e0 elle-m\u00eame, est trop humide pour br\u00fbler. Mais deux saisons de feux intenses \u2013 l’une en 2005 et l’autre seulement cinq ans plus tard, en 2010 – montrent comment la s\u00e9cheresse combin\u00e9e aux actions de l\u2019homme ont fait ravages sur les for\u00eats, que les scientifiques consid\u00e9raient autrefois comme […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/21524\/une-collaboration-tripartite-est-cruciale-pour-le-controle-des-incendies-en-amazonie-etude\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-03-02T23:00:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-07-06T08:29:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/D-0FjU6x8IabdV0IEtpKPojGMSAyd3UsCubB1NvYF8g.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"682\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Barbara Fraser\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@barbara_fraser\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21524\\\/une-collaboration-tripartite-est-cruciale-pour-le-controle-des-incendies-en-amazonie-etude#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21524\\\/une-collaboration-tripartite-est-cruciale-pour-le-controle-des-incendies-en-amazonie-etude\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Barbara Fraser\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3f84c53b70c9b8fa7a5689aaa3c5076f\"},\"headline\":\"Une collaboration tripartite est cruciale pour contr\u00f4ler les incendies en Amazonie – \u00e9tude\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-03-02T23:00:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-07-06T08:29:18+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21524\\\/une-collaboration-tripartite-est-cruciale-pour-le-controle-des-incendies-en-amazonie-etude\"},\"wordCount\":1187,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21524\\\/une-collaboration-tripartite-est-cruciale-pour-le-controle-des-incendies-en-amazonie-etude#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/01\\\/D-0FjU6x8IabdV0IEtpKPojGMSAyd3UsCubB1NvYF8g.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"South America\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Forests News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21524\\\/une-collaboration-tripartite-est-cruciale-pour-le-controle-des-incendies-en-amazonie-etude#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2014\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21524\\\/une-collaboration-tripartite-est-cruciale-pour-le-controle-des-incendies-en-amazonie-etude\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21524\\\/une-collaboration-tripartite-est-cruciale-pour-le-controle-des-incendies-en-amazonie-etude\",\"name\":\"Une collaboration tripartite est cruciale pour contr\u00f4ler les incendies en Amazonie - 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