{"id":21447,"date":"2014-02-24T19:40:22","date_gmt":"2014-02-24T12:40:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=21447"},"modified":"2015-07-02T15:34:13","modified_gmt":"2015-07-02T08:34:13","slug":"lapproche-paysagere-pourrait-attenuer-les-aleas-du-changement-climatique-en-afrique-de-louest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/21447\/lapproche-paysagere-pourrait-attenuer-les-aleas-du-changement-climatique-en-afrique-de-louest","title":{"rendered":"‘L\u2019approche paysag\u00e8re’ pourrait att\u00e9nuer les al\u00e9as du changement climatique en Afrique de l’Ouest"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"The<\/a>
Le plus grand d\u00e9fi est d’augmenter la production agricole des agriculteurs pauvres en ressources, tout en prenant en consid\u00e9ration l’adaptation et sans aggraver la sant\u00e9 de l’environnement, selon Robert Zougmor\u00e9, du Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur le changement climatique, l’agriculture et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire (CCAFS).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Note de l’\u00e9diteur: ce blog a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 dans sa version originale le 13 d\u00e9cembre 2013<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

VARSOVIE, Pologne – Une approche int\u00e9gr\u00e9e de la gestion des terres assurant des politiques durables pourrait aider l\u2019Afrique de l’Ouest, qui d\u00e9pend de l’agriculture, \u00e0 faire face aux effets mena\u00e7ants du changement climatique, selon un groupe d’experts.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le changement climatique affecte d\u00e9j\u00e0 les moyens de subsistance des petits agriculteurs ouest-africains qui d\u00e9pendent de techniques d\u2019agriculture pluviale. On s\u2019attend \u00e0 ce que le changement aggrave les p\u00e9nuries alimentaires, alors que la population de la r\u00e9gion continue \u00e0 cro\u00eetre, ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 des participants \u00e0 un \u00e9v\u00e9nement lors du Forum mondial sur les paysages (GLF), en marge des r\u00e9centes n\u00e9gociations sur le climat des Nations Unies \u00e0 Varsovie, en Pologne.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les agriculteurs de la r\u00e9gion tentent de faire face \u00e0 des pluies irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res, des inondations et des sols d\u00e9grad\u00e9s, et nous devons reconna\u00eetre qu’il est possible de r\u00e9duire certains des effets de la variabilit\u00e9 et du changement climatiques, d\u00e9clare Robert Zougmor\u00e9, directeur r\u00e9gional de l\u2019Afrique de l’Ouest pour le <\/span><\/span>Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur le changement climatique, l’agriculture et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire (CCAFS)<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLa r\u00e9gion de l’Afrique de l’Ouest est tr\u00e8s pauvre et vuln\u00e9rable \u00e0 toutes sortes de menaces\u00bb, dit M. Zougmor\u00e9. \u00abLe plus grand d\u00e9fi est d’augmenter la production agricole des agriculteurs pauvres en ressources, tout en prenant en consid\u00e9ration l’adaptation et sans aggraver la sant\u00e9 de l’environnement – les deux nouvelles dimensions du changement climatique.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les menaces qui p\u00e8sent sur l’Afrique de l’Ouest<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Un rapport r\u00e9cent de l’Institut international de recherche sur les politiques alimentaires (IFPRI), <\/span><\/span>L’agriculture ouest-africaine et le changement climatique: une analyse exhaustive<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>, annonce les d\u00e9fis d\u2019une r\u00e9gion o\u00f9 l’agriculture repr\u00e9sente 35% du PIB et emploie 60% de la population.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les projections indiquent que les temp\u00e9ratures moyennes en Afrique de l’Ouest vont augmenter de 2 degr\u00e9s Celsius (3,6 degr\u00e9s Fahrenheit) d\u2019ici 2050. Un mod\u00e8le climatique pr\u00e9dit une augmentation de 3,5\u00b0C. Bien qu’il n’y ait aucune projection d\u00e9finitive pour les niveaux de pr\u00e9cipitations futurs, les donn\u00e9es pr\u00e9voient des variations de pr\u00e9cipitations, avec des r\u00e9ductions observ\u00e9es le long des c\u00f4tes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dans les pays c\u00f4tiers de l’Afrique de l’Ouest \u2013 le Ghana, le Togo, le B\u00e9nin et le Nigeria \u2013 des cultures importantes, telles que le ma\u00efs, l’arachide et le sorgho, pourraient \u00eatre affect\u00e9es par un climat plus sec. A l’inverse, les inondations exacerb\u00e9es par la faiblesse des infrastructures pourraient aboutir \u00e0 la propagation de maladies chez les humains et le b\u00e9tail, entra\u00eenant l\u2019augmentation des prix alimentaires, d\u00e9clare M. Zougmor\u00e9, un agronome sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en \u00e9cologie de la production et en conservation des ressources.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les participants ont discut\u00e9 de l’Afrique occidentale, <\/span><\/span>orientale<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> et <\/span><\/span>australe<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>, en examinant la fa\u00e7on dont le changement climatique rendrait certaines r\u00e9gions plus ou moins favorables \u00e0 la production agricole. Ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 d’autres inconv\u00e9nients du changement climatique, comme le potentiel de migrations internes \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle et d\u2019accaparements des terres, si des politiques appropri\u00e9es ne sont pas mises en place.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le rapport de l’IFPRI \u00abdevrait aider les d\u00e9cideurs politiques \u00e0 comprendre les diff\u00e9rentes options pour l’avenir\u00bb, dit-il. \u00abIls peuvent l\u2019examiner et proc\u00e9der \u00e0 une bonne planification qui aidera \u00e0 d\u00e9cider comment aborder ces questions dans un avenir imm\u00e9diat et \u00e0 long terme.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Une solution \u00abpaysag\u00e8re\u00bb?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

La planification \u00e0 long terme a \u00e9t\u00e9 au centre du d\u00e9bat pendant l’\u00e9v\u00e9nement du GLF \u00e0 Varsovie. Une \u00abapproche paysag\u00e8re\u00bb, qui adopte une attitude globale et int\u00e9gr\u00e9e, en faveur d\u2019une gestion am\u00e9lior\u00e9e des terres, pourrait aider \u00e0 \u00e9tablir des strat\u00e9gies de d\u00e9veloppement durable, afin de soutenir les efforts pour s’adapter \u00e0 et att\u00e9nuer le changement climatique, selon les experts.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLes gens ne vivent pas dans des secteurs s\u00e9par\u00e9s d’utilisation des terres; ils vivent de mani\u00e8re holistique, en tant qu’une partie de la structure de leur environnement – ou du paysage \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Terry Sunderland, un directeur scientifique au Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR) et co-auteur de \u00ab<\/span><\/span>Dix principes pour qu\u2019une approche paysag\u00e8re r\u00e9concilie l’agriculture, la conservation et d’autres utilisations des terres concurrentes<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le \u00abcode de pratique\u00bb pour la gestion des paysages en 10 points est destin\u00e9 \u00e0 servir de cadre souple pour aider les d\u00e9cideurs politiques, les organisations non-gouvernementales (ONG) et les praticiens de la conservation et du d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper et \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les politiques de planification de l’utilisation des terres.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abIl est important de consid\u00e9rer tous les composants connexes: \u00e0 quoi ressemblera le paysage, pour qui a-t-il besoin de fonctionner et comment doit-il fonctionner afin d\u2019assurer la durabilit\u00e9\u00bb, explique M. Sunderland.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ceci n\u00e9cessite la coop\u00e9ration \u00e0 de multiples niveaux. \u00abNous devons discuter du changement climatique \u00e0 un niveau tr\u00e8s local, ainsi qu\u2019au niveau national\u00bb, ajoute M. Zougmor\u00e9. \u00c0 cette fin, dit-il, le CCAFS travaille avec un concept de village \u00abintelligent face au climat\u00bb, qui inclut des chercheurs, des repr\u00e9sentants du secteur public, des ONG et des agriculteurs. Ainsi les risques auxquels font face les parties prenantes – en particulier les agriculteurs – peuvent \u00eatre pris en compte dans les plans de gestion des terres.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abAu niveau r\u00e9gional, il est primordial de prendre en compte les principaux d\u00e9fis de la prise de d\u00e9cision politique, ainsi que pour la planification politique.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Des d\u00e9fis demeurent<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

La difficult\u00e9 de l’approche paysag\u00e8re est qu’il n’existe aucune carte qui puisse montrer comment le monde est divis\u00e9 en paysages, d\u00e9clare Timothy Thomas, chercheur post-doctorant en environnement et en technologie de production \u00e0 l’IFPRI.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En outre, une approche paysag\u00e8re ne peut pas rendre compte des inconnues futures. Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9 de la planification pour l’avenir consiste \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des mod\u00e8les d’utilisation des terres, afin de tenter de pr\u00e9dire les meilleurs lieux de plantations des cultures et d’essayer de d\u00e9terminer lesquelles seront les plus productives, dit M. Thomas.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abSi quelqu’un lance une culture maintenant qu’il ne pourra plus faire \u00e0 l’avenir, ceci est mauvais, mais il pourra peut-\u00eatre utiliser une nouvelle culture – peut-\u00eatre la technologie d\u00e9veloppera une culture r\u00e9sistante\u00bb, dit-il. \u00abSi je devais \u00eatre d\u00e9cider des politiques pour 2050, j\u2019examinerais les options pour que des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s d’esp\u00e8ces qui r\u00e9sistent \u00e0 des s\u00e9cheresses et des inondations, et qui sont r\u00e9siliantes puissent \u00eatre d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur les sujets abord\u00e9s dans cet article, veuillez contacter Terry Sunderland \u00e0 t.sunderland@cgiar.org<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Note de l’\u00e9diteur: ce blog a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 dans sa version originale le 13 d\u00e9cembre 2013 VARSOVIE, Pologne – Une approche int\u00e9gr\u00e9e de la gestion des terres assurant des politiques durables pourrait aider l\u2019Afrique de l’Ouest, qui d\u00e9pend de l’agriculture, \u00e0 faire face aux effets mena\u00e7ants du changement climatique, selon un groupe d’experts. Le changement […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":21448,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,188,1072,180],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[989],"class_list":["post-21447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-food-and-diets","category-landscapes","category-mitigating-climate-change","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n'L\u2019approche paysag\u00e8re' pourrait att\u00e9nuer les al\u00e9as du changement climatique en Afrique de l'Ouest - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/21447\/lapproche-paysagere-pourrait-attenuer-les-aleas-du-changement-climatique-en-afrique-de-louest\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"'L\u2019approche paysag\u00e8re' pourrait att\u00e9nuer les al\u00e9as du changement climatique en Afrique de l'Ouest\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Note de l’\u00e9diteur: ce blog a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 dans sa version originale le 13 d\u00e9cembre 2013 VARSOVIE, Pologne – Une approche int\u00e9gr\u00e9e de la gestion des terres assurant des politiques durables pourrait aider l\u2019Afrique de l’Ouest, qui d\u00e9pend de l’agriculture, \u00e0 faire face aux effets mena\u00e7ants du changement climatique, selon un groupe d’experts. Le changement […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/21447\/lapproche-paysagere-pourrait-attenuer-les-aleas-du-changement-climatique-en-afrique-de-louest\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-02-24T12:40:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-07-02T08:34:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/8635748109_98c44f8400_z.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"332\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Julie Mollins\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta 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