{"id":21429,"date":"2014-02-21T04:48:58","date_gmt":"2014-02-20T21:48:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=21429"},"modified":"2015-08-24T15:32:11","modified_gmt":"2015-08-24T08:32:11","slug":"dans-le-bassin-du-congo-la-deforestation-est-faible-mais-susceptible-augmenter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/21429\/dans-le-bassin-du-congo-la-deforestation-est-faible-mais-susceptible-augmenter","title":{"rendered":"Dans le bassin du Congo la d\u00e9forestation est faible, mais risque d’augmenter"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"View<\/a>
Sur la route du retour de Lukolela, en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo. La construction de routes dans les for\u00eats du bassin du Congo – encourag\u00e9e par une hausse de la population dans la r\u00e9gion – pourrait causer une hausse de la d\u00e9forestation, selon une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente. Photo: CIFOR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La d\u00e9forestation dans le bassin du Congo en Afrique centrale est inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la moyenne de l\u2019Afrique – mais cela pourrait ne pas durer, selon deux \u00e9tudes r\u00e9centes qui permettent de mieux comprendre les tendances pass\u00e9es, tout en examinant l’avenir.<\/p>\n

L’un des documents explique l’histoire de l’\u00e9volution des tendances de la d\u00e9forestation dans le bassin du Congo en comparaison avec d’autres r\u00e9gions du continent africain et du monde. Dans State and evolution of the African rainforests between 1990 and 2010<\/i><\/span>, Mayaux et al.<\/i> constatent que le bassin du Congo abrite 90% de la for\u00eat tropicale du continent et contribue \u00e0 la moiti\u00e9 de la d\u00e9forestation annuelle des for\u00eats tropicales de l’Afrique. N\u00e9anmoins, le taux annuel de d\u00e9forestation dans le bassin du Congo est respectivement trois fois et neuf fois plus faible que celui de l’Afrique de l’Ouest et de Madagascar, qui sont les deux autres principales r\u00e9gions de for\u00eats tropicales en Afrique.<\/p>\n

D\u2019un point de vue historique, Mayaux et al.<\/i> observent qu\u2019entre 2000 et 2010 le taux net de d\u00e9forestation annuel dans le bassin du Congo \u00e9tait de 0,1%, contre 0,16% entre 1990 et 2000. Cette r\u00e9duction est faible compar\u00e9e \u00e0 la moyenne de d\u00e9forestation annuelle nette dans l\u2019ensemble de l’Afrique, qui a diminu\u00e9 de moiti\u00e9 \u2013 de 0,28% \u00e0 0,14% \u2013 au cours des m\u00eames p\u00e9riodes.<\/p>\n

Selon Mayaux et al.<\/i>, le taux de d\u00e9forestation pourrait \u00eatre li\u00e9 \u00e0 la faible densit\u00e9 de population et \u00e0 la nature des causes de la d\u00e9forestation. Mayaux et al.<\/i> ont soulign\u00e9 les liens entre la d\u00e9forestation, l\u2019extraction de bois de feu dans les zones p\u00e9riurbaines et l’augmentation de la population, ainsi qu\u2019avec la culture itin\u00e9rante et l’exploitation foresti\u00e8re dans les zones rurales. Avec la faible densit\u00e9 de population et le type d\u2019exploitation dans la r\u00e9gion, la cha\u00eene de valeur de l’agriculture et l’exploitation foresti\u00e8re ne sont pas encore associ\u00e9es \u00e0 une d\u00e9forestation importante \u2013 toutefois, on ignore si cette tendance peut se maintenir.<\/p>\n

Quel sera l’avenir des for\u00eats du bassin du Congo ?<\/b><\/p>\n

Dans le deuxi\u00e8me rapport, la Banque mondiale expose quatre raisons principales \u00e0 cette d\u00e9forestation relativement faible en Afrique centrale: les r\u00e9seaux de transport routiers sont rares et mal entretenus; les ressources mini\u00e8res abondantes sont largement inexploit\u00e9es; l’\u00e9nergie \u00e0 base de bois repr\u00e9sente la plus grande part du portefeuille \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, mais la consommation de charbon de bois par habitant est faible; et le secteur agricole a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9 et sous-financ\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pourtant, les choses changent dans la r\u00e9gion, en partie \u00e0 cause du march\u00e9 mondial. Selon la Banque, la population du bassin du Congo devrait doubler entre 2000 et 2030, d\u00e8s lors 170 millions de personnes auront besoin de nourriture, d’\u00e9nergie, d\u2019un logement et d’un emploi dans la r\u00e9gion. En outre, les pays de cette r\u00e9gion sont susceptibles d’entrer dans un nouveau cycle de d\u00e9veloppement avec davantage d\u2019exposition au march\u00e9 international, avec des facteurs \u00e9conomiques mondiaux qui apportent plus d’investissements au bassin du Congo.<\/p>\n

Dans leur ensemble, les deux publications indiquent que l’avenir des for\u00eats de la r\u00e9gion n’est pas prometteur. Bien que chacun des secteurs \u00e9tudi\u00e9s par la Banque aient eu un impact potentiel sur la for\u00eat, l’infrastructure routi\u00e8re semble \u00eatre le secteur le plus li\u00e9 \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation. Toutefois, selon Mayaux et al.<\/i>, \u00abune interdiction totale de constructions de routes r\u00e9duirait de mani\u00e8re significative les perspectives de d\u00e9veloppement de nombreuses r\u00e9gions \u00e9loign\u00e9es\u00bb. C’est l\u00e0 que la planification et l’application de la loi peuvent jouer un r\u00f4le pour \u00e9viter la d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradation, d’autant plus que l’urbanisation entra\u00eene une plus grande demande en \u00e9nergie provenant du bois et que la stabilit\u00e9 r\u00e9gionale rend l\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re plus attractive – et plus rentable.<\/p>\n

Selon la Banque, les changements dans le secteur agricole seraient li\u00e9s \u00e0 (i) la demande nationale \/ r\u00e9gionale \/ internationale en produits agricoles, (ii) au potentiel \/ \u00e0 la disponibilit\u00e9 \/ \u00e0 l’accessibilit\u00e9 des terres, (iii) au potentiel d’accro\u00eetre la productivit\u00e9 et (iv) \u00e0 la disponibilit\u00e9 en eau, puisque d’autres r\u00e9gions de la plan\u00e8te souffrent de p\u00e9nuries d’eau, etc.<\/p>\n

La Banque estime que la REDD+ aurait le potentiel de fournir des ressources afin d\u2019aider les pays du bassin du Congo \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger leurs for\u00eats, parmi une liste de possibilit\u00e9s \u00absans regret\u00bb de mesures visant \u00e0 assurer un meilleur avenir pour la for\u00eat. En attendant, l\u2019augmentation de la d\u00e9forestation aura un impact n\u00e9gatif sur les services fournis par le bassin du Congo, tels que la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9, le cycle de l’eau et l\u2019att\u00e9nuation de l’adaptation au changement climatique.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La d\u00e9forestation dans le bassin du Congo en Afrique centrale est inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la moyenne de l\u2019Afrique – mais cela pourrait ne pas durer, selon deux \u00e9tudes r\u00e9centes qui permettent de mieux comprendre les tendances pass\u00e9es, tout en examinant l’avenir. L’un des documents explique l’histoire de l’\u00e9volution des tendances de la d\u00e9forestation dans le bassin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":87,"featured_media":21235,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,151],"tags":[322],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2999],"coauthors":[873],"class_list":["post-21429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-redd-2","tag-africa","language-francais","type-francais-analyses"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDans le bassin du Congo la d\u00e9forestation est faible, mais risque d'augmenter - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/21429\/dans-le-bassin-du-congo-la-deforestation-est-faible-mais-susceptible-augmenter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dans le bassin du Congo la d\u00e9forestation est faible, mais risque d'augmenter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La d\u00e9forestation dans le bassin du Congo en Afrique centrale est inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la moyenne de l\u2019Afrique – mais cela pourrait ne pas durer, selon deux \u00e9tudes r\u00e9centes qui permettent de mieux comprendre les tendances pass\u00e9es, tout en examinant l’avenir. 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