{"id":21207,"date":"2014-02-05T03:06:41","date_gmt":"2014-02-04T20:06:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=21207"},"modified":"2015-07-30T15:49:36","modified_gmt":"2015-07-30T08:49:36","slug":"renforcer-la-securite-alimentaire-et-les-ressources-forestieres-necessite-une-nouvelle-reflexion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/21207\/renforcer-la-securite-alimentaire-et-les-ressources-forestieres-necessite-une-nouvelle-reflexion","title":{"rendered":"Renforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et les ressources foresti\u00e8res n\u00e9cessite une nouvelle r\u00e9flexion"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Les
Les for\u00eats fournissent de la nourriture aux hommes depuis des mill\u00e9naires.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L\u2019objectif de produire assez de nourriture pour une population croissante a longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 une priorit\u00e9 sur l’agenda politique mondial. N\u00e9anmoins, dans la poursuite de cet objectif, l’agriculture s’est r\u00e9pandue dans les terres foresti\u00e8res, en cr\u00e9ant une s\u00e9rie de probl\u00e8mes environnementaux: plus de <\/span><\/span>50%<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> des for\u00eats de la plan\u00e8te ont disparu et chaque ann\u00e9e une zone foresti\u00e8re \u00e9quivalente \u00e0 la taille de l’\u00c9tat de Louisiane a \u00e9t\u00e9 perdue <\/span><\/span>lors de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Dans le m\u00eame temps, la moiti\u00e9 des aliments produits mondialement sont gaspill\u00e9s.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nous sommes maintenant confront\u00e9s \u00e0 un dilemme: comment des aliments nutritifs et abordables peuvent-ils \u00eatre fournis \u00e0 9,6 milliards de personnes qui vont occuper la Terre d\u2019ici 2050, sans acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la d\u00e9forestation, le changement climatique et la destruction de la biodiversit\u00e9, sans affecter les moyens de subsistance en milieu rural et sans perturber l’approvisionnement en eau? Comment l’agriculture et la foresterie peuvent-elles contribuer positivement au progr\u00e8s social, \u00e9conomique et environnemental?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ceci est une \u00e9quation difficile \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre, mais il existe des raisons d’\u00eatre prudemment optimiste. Au cours des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies, 90% de l’augmentation de la production alimentaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e sur <\/span><\/span>des terres agricoles existantes<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>. L’augmentation des investissements dans l’utilisation durable des terres peut davantage am\u00e9liorer la productivit\u00e9. La d\u00e9forestation mondiale ralentit l\u00e9g\u00e8rement et les for\u00eats sont en expansion dans les r\u00e9gions dont l’\u00e9conomie n\u2019est pas fortement d\u00e9pendante de l’agriculture. Jusqu’\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, nous g\u00e9rons de sorte \u00e0 obtenir de la terre non seulement assez de nourriture pour tout le monde, mais \u00e9galement du bois et des produits non ligneux. Avec la <\/span><\/span>reconnaissance croissante<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> de l’importance des for\u00eats pour les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques, les revenus et la nutrition, nous pouvons nous attendre \u00e0 ce que la gestion des ressources naturelles apporte une contribution plus vaste au d\u00e9veloppement durable.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e9anmoins, nous devons d’abord comprendre pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment le d\u00e9fi de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. Nous ne r\u00e9ussirons pas si nous continuons \u00e0 la d\u00e9finir comme un simple besoin de produire plus de calories. Les 870 millions de personnes qui n’ont pas assez de nourriture ont faim principalement <\/span><\/span>parce qu’elles sont pauvres<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u2013 et pas en raison d’un manque de nourriture sur le march\u00e9. Produire simplement plus de ma\u00efs ou de bl\u00e9 n\u2019aidera finalement pas beaucoup ces personnes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’accent mis sur la production de plus de calories a peu contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 lutter contre la \u00abfaim cach\u00e9e\u00bb, qui signifie que <\/span><\/span>2 milliards de personnes \u00e0 travers du monde ont des carences en micronutriments<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>. En Indon\u00e9sie, un pays du G20, plus d’un tiers des enfants ont un retard de croissance, principalement en raison d’un <\/span><\/span>manque de nutriments importants<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> dans leur alimentation: prot\u00e9ines, vitamines et min\u00e9raux tels que le fer. Les subventions agricoles dans certains pays, tels que les \u00c9tats-Unis, nuisent \u00e0 l’agriculture locale des pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement et \u00e9mergents. En outre, des aliments de base moins chers sont consomm\u00e9s au d\u00e9triment d’une alimentation plus vari\u00e9e, y compris les aliments provenant des for\u00eats.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Si nous ciblons une meilleure nutrition, et pas seulement plus de nourriture, l’importance des for\u00eats devient \u00e9vidente. Les for\u00eats fournissent de la nourriture aux hommes depuis des mill\u00e9naires. Les aliments issus de la for\u00eat \u2013 allant des fruits, l\u00e9gumes et herbes aux insectes et \u00e0 la viande de brousse \u2013 sont encore des sources vitales de nutrition pour des centaines de millions de personnes, dont beaucoup sont parmi les plus pauvres du monde. <\/span><\/span>Six millions de tonnes de viande de brousse<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> sont consomm\u00e9es chaque ann\u00e9e dans le bassin du Congo, ce qui repr\u00e9sente environ la m\u00eame quantit\u00e9 que l\u2019exportation de viande bovine du Br\u00e9sil. Dans les zones rurales de l’Afrique subsaharienne, l’alimentation des enfants devient plus diversifi\u00e9e \u2013 et la diversit\u00e9 est largement accept\u00e9e comme indicateur pour une bonne nutrition \u2013 avec une <\/span><\/span>augmentation de la couverture foresti\u00e8re<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les for\u00eats soutiennent \u00e9galement indirectement la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire en <\/span><\/span>maintenant l’approvisionnement en eau<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>en fournissant de l’\u00e9nergie \u00e0 base de bois<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> et la <\/span><\/span>des habitats<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> pour les pollinisateurs sauvages et les pr\u00e9dateurs des parasites agricoles. Les for\u00eats et les arbres renforcent la r\u00e9silience des syst\u00e8mes de production alimentaire face au changement climatique et \u00e0 l’instabilit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique, sociale et politique. En effet, des \u00e9tudes ont montr\u00e9 que les populations rurales vivant dans des zones foresti\u00e8res ont souvent recours aux for\u00eats pour leur subsistance lorsque la saison agricole \u2013 ou la situation politique locale \u2013 se d\u00e9t\u00e9riorent. Les recherches men\u00e9es par mon organisation et d’autres ont trouv\u00e9 que <\/span><\/span>1,4 milliard de personnes gagnent en moyenne 20% de leur revenu des for\u00eats<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> – un filet de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 essentiel, surtout lorsque les r\u00e9coltes sont mauvaises.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, une nouvelle direction est n\u00e9cessaire pour que la politique aborde \u00e0 la fois les for\u00eats et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. Les chercheurs, les d\u00e9cideurs politiques et tous les autres doivent consid\u00e9rer les for\u00eats et l’agriculture comme \u00e9tant ins\u00e9parablement li\u00e9es \u2013 des parties d’un \u00ab paysage \u00bb plus vaste, comprenant non seulement la relation dynamique entre les for\u00eats et les exploitations agricoles, mais \u00e9galement les facteurs socio-\u00e9conomiques, culturels, politiques et de genre qui le caract\u00e9risent. Les for\u00eats sont une corne d’abondance \u00e9conomique et nutritionnelle directe pour un quart de l’humanit\u00e9 et elles soutiennent l’approvisionnement alimentaire mondial pour le reste de l’humanit\u00e9. Une approche paysag\u00e8re supprime les fronti\u00e8res sectorielles qui confinent nos analyses et limitent nos solutions.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Une approche paysag\u00e8re peut \u00eatre naturelle pour des communaut\u00e9s rurales o\u00f9 les fronti\u00e8res sectorielles sont moins importantes, o\u00f9 les moyens de subsistance b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient souvent d’une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 d’activit\u00e9s et o\u00f9 les synergies entre, par exemple, les arbres et l’agriculture peuvent \u00eatre \u00e9videntes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Un plus grand d\u00e9fi sera de convaincre les institutions traditionnelles du secteur de l’agriculture, la conservation et la foresterie qu’elles devraient chercher des solutions plus efficaces et combin\u00e9es, r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 plusieurs objectifs. Le fait que les processus intergouvernementaux, tels que la Convention sur le Changement Climatique, fonctionnent au sein des limites sectorielles \u00e9tablies n’aide pas. Les cl\u00f4tures institutionnelles pourraient \u00eatre un obstacle majeur divisant les for\u00eats et les champs. Nourrir 9 milliards de personnes et g\u00e9rer durablement les ressources dont elles d\u00e9pendent, exige de nous tous \u2013 scientifiques, gouvernements, agriculteurs, experts du d\u00e9veloppement \u2013 de penser et d\u2019agir diff\u00e9remment.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dans un premier temps, cet article est paru sur le site <\/span><\/span><\/em>Blog World Hunger<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

L’Institut International de Recherche sur les Politiques Alimentaires (IFPRI) et le Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR) vont co-organiser un s\u00e9minaire politique sur l’Alimentation, les For\u00eats et les Paysages : des Solutions pour un D\u00e9veloppement Durable. <\/b><\/span><\/span>Regardez son streaming ici<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>, le lundi 24 juin 2013, de 12h15 \u00e0 13h45 (HAE).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019objectif de produire assez de nourriture pour une population croissante a longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 une priorit\u00e9 sur l’agenda politique mondial. N\u00e9anmoins, dans la poursuite de cet objectif, l’agriculture s’est r\u00e9pandue dans les terres foresti\u00e8res, en cr\u00e9ant une s\u00e9rie de probl\u00e8mes environnementaux: plus de 50% des for\u00eats de la plan\u00e8te ont disparu et chaque ann\u00e9e une zone […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":21208,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[188,1072],"tags":[479],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2965],"coauthors":[680],"class_list":["post-21207","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-food-and-diets","category-landscapes","tag-global","language-francais","type-francais-chronique-du-dg"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRenforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et les ressources foresti\u00e8res n\u00e9cessite une nouvelle r\u00e9flexion - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/21207\/renforcer-la-securite-alimentaire-et-les-ressources-forestieres-necessite-une-nouvelle-reflexion\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Renforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et les ressources foresti\u00e8res n\u00e9cessite une nouvelle r\u00e9flexion\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L\u2019objectif de produire assez de nourriture pour une population croissante a longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 une priorit\u00e9 sur l’agenda politique mondial. N\u00e9anmoins, dans la poursuite de cet objectif, l’agriculture s’est r\u00e9pandue dans les terres foresti\u00e8res, en cr\u00e9ant une s\u00e9rie de probl\u00e8mes environnementaux: plus de 50% des for\u00eats de la plan\u00e8te ont disparu et chaque ann\u00e9e une zone […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/21207\/renforcer-la-securite-alimentaire-et-les-ressources-forestieres-necessite-une-nouvelle-reflexion\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-02-04T20:06:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-07-30T08:49:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/8640062470_6b5d55a819_z.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"332\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Peter Holmgren\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21207\\\/renforcer-la-securite-alimentaire-et-les-ressources-forestieres-necessite-une-nouvelle-reflexion#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21207\\\/renforcer-la-securite-alimentaire-et-les-ressources-forestieres-necessite-une-nouvelle-reflexion\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Peter Holmgren\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4c6a8d0ab7b85160a0d57a15381a8122\"},\"headline\":\"Renforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et les ressources foresti\u00e8res n\u00e9cessite une nouvelle r\u00e9flexion\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-02-04T20:06:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-07-30T08:49:36+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21207\\\/renforcer-la-securite-alimentaire-et-les-ressources-forestieres-necessite-une-nouvelle-reflexion\"},\"wordCount\":1228,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21207\\\/renforcer-la-securite-alimentaire-et-les-ressources-forestieres-necessite-une-nouvelle-reflexion#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/02\\\/8640062470_6b5d55a819_z.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"global\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Food & diets\",\"Landscapes\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21207\\\/renforcer-la-securite-alimentaire-et-les-ressources-forestieres-necessite-une-nouvelle-reflexion#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2014\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21207\\\/renforcer-la-securite-alimentaire-et-les-ressources-forestieres-necessite-une-nouvelle-reflexion\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/fr\\\/21207\\\/renforcer-la-securite-alimentaire-et-les-ressources-forestieres-necessite-une-nouvelle-reflexion\",\"name\":\"Renforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et les ressources foresti\u00e8res n\u00e9cessite une nouvelle r\u00e9flexion - 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