{"id":20835,"date":"2014-01-07T06:00:24","date_gmt":"2014-01-06T23:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=20835"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:25:13","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:25:13","slug":"les-corridors-biologiques-aident-les-plantes-a-sadapter-au-changement-climatique-etude","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/20835\/les-corridors-biologiques-aident-les-plantes-a-sadapter-au-changement-climatique-etude","title":{"rendered":"Les corridors biologiques aident les plantes \u00e0 s\u2019adapter au changement climatique \u2013 \u00e9tude"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Di<\/a>
Dans les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes naturels, les planificateurs de la conservation devront veiller \u00e0 faciliter la migration des esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales, selon Bruno Locatelli, un expert en foresterie et en hydrologie au CIFOR et au Cirad.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

TURRIALBA, Costa Rica (6 janvier 2014) \u2013 Tandis que l\u2019aire de r\u00e9partition de certaines esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales se d\u00e9place vers des altitudes plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es en raison du changement climatique, les corridors biologiques reliant les aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es deviendront plus importants pour conserver la biodiversit\u00e9 naturelle, selon les scientifiques.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes naturels fournissent des services tels que la r\u00e9gulation de l’eau et le stockage du carbone. Mais le climat plus chaud et plus sec pr\u00e9vu pour la M\u00e9so-Am\u00e9rique \u2013 le Mexique et l\u2019Am\u00e9rique centrale \u2013 pourrait condamner les esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales qui ne peuvent pas s’adapter, ce qui r\u00e9duira ou modifiera ces services \u00e9cologiques. Tandis que certaines esp\u00e8ces risquent de dispara\u00eetre, d’autres vont \u00abmigrer\u00bb vers les hauteurs des pentes en \u00e9tendant leurs aires vers des zones o\u00f9 les temp\u00e9ratures moyennes sont moins \u00e9lev\u00e9es.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La cr\u00e9ation et la pr\u00e9servation de corridors, qui facilitent ces mouvements, seront cruciales.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abHistoriquement, les aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des \u00eeles. Maintenant, les gens commencent \u00e0 les percevoir comme une partie des r\u00e9seaux \u00e9cologiques\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Bernal Herrera du Centre agronomique tropical de recherche et d’enseignement (<\/span><\/span><\/span>Centro Agron\u00f3mico Tropical de Investigaci\u00f3n y Ense\u00f1anza<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>, CATIE) au Costa Rica.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLes pays devraient \u00e9galement les percevoir comme un \u00e9l\u00e9ment d’une strat\u00e9gie multisectorielle de d\u00e9veloppement\u00bb, a dit M. Bernal aux participants de la septi\u00e8me <\/span><\/span><\/span>Conf\u00e9rence scientifique interam\u00e9ricaine Henry A. Wallace, qui a marqu\u00e9 le 40<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e8me<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span> anniversaire<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> de la fondation CATIE.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La recherche d\u00e9montre que la migration des esp\u00e8ces a d\u00e9j\u00e0 lieu dans plusieurs r\u00e9gions tropicales.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le biologiste Kenneth Feeley de Florida International University<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier \u00e0 observer un changement important dans les arbres des Andes, a r\u00e9cemment d\u00e9couvert que des plantes au Costa Rica commencent \u00e9galement \u00e0 migrer<\/a> vers les hauteurs.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ceci sera le cas \u00e0 la fois pour les esp\u00e8ces cultiv\u00e9es et les parasites qui les infestent, a dit Dyno Keatinge, directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Centre asiatique de recherche et de d\u00e9veloppement des l\u00e9gumes (AVRDC) de Ta\u00efwan, aux participants de la Conf\u00e9rence Wallace. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00c0 mesure que les temp\u00e9ratures augmentent, les maladies vont se d\u00e9placer vers le haut\u00bb, dit-il.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les cultivateurs de plantes sont confront\u00e9s au d\u00e9fi de produire des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de cultures commerciales importantes, telles que les tomates, r\u00e9sistantes aux maladies et \u00e0 la chaleur, dit M. Keatinge. En outre, les agriculteurs peuvent \u00eatre contraints \u00e0 utiliser des filets de protection contre les insectes et \u00e0 suivre des mesures strictes pour emp\u00eacher les maladies.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dans les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes naturels, les planificateurs de la conservation devront faire face au d\u00e9fi de faciliter la migration des esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales, selon Bruno Locatelli, un expert en foresterie et en hydrologie travaillant au Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR) et au Centre de coop\u00e9ration Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le D\u00e9veloppement (CIRAD).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ceci est particuli\u00e8rement vrai pour la M\u00e9so-Am\u00e9rique, o\u00f9 les habitats naturels ont \u00e9t\u00e9s fragment\u00e9s par l’agriculture, le d\u00e9veloppement urbain et les infrastructures telles que les barrages hydro\u00e9lectriques.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ces obstacles rendront la situation particuli\u00e8rement difficile pour les esp\u00e8ces des plaines, qui doivent \u00e9tendre leurs aires sur de longues distances avant d\u2019atteindre des altitudes plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es, dit-il.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLes corridors sont un moyen de relier des parcelles de for\u00eat ou de zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es qui sont actuellement s\u00e9par\u00e9es au sein d\u2019un paysage\u00bb, explique M.Locatelli, co-auteur d’une nouvelle \u00e9tude sur le changement climatique et la dispersion des plantes le long des corridors en M\u00e9so-Am\u00e9rique. \u00abConnecter ces zones facilite la migration des esp\u00e8ces.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La connectivit\u00e9 et d’autres id\u00e9es pour rendre des paysages plus r\u00e9sistants au changement climatique ont \u00e9t\u00e9 examin\u00e9es en profondeur lors du Forum mondial sur les paysages<\/a>, les 16 et 17 novembre, en marge du sommet climatique de l’ONU<\/a> \u00e0 Varsovie.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cartographier des corridors s\u00fbrs<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tude en M\u00e9so-Am\u00e9rique a constat\u00e9 que les corridors biologiques reliant des zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es pourraient r\u00e9duire l’impact du changement climatique sur les plantes.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Leur efficacit\u00e9 d\u00e9pend de leur altitude, des temp\u00e9ratures et de la vitesse du changement climatique. Les effets varient en fonction des vitesses auxquelles les esp\u00e8ces peuvent se d\u00e9placer.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le changement climatique est susceptible de progresser \u00e0 des rythmes diff\u00e9rents dans les diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e9gions m\u00e9soam\u00e9ricaines, dit M. Locatelli; avec un changement plus rapide dans les zones plates de la c\u00f4te atlantique du Nicaragua et de la p\u00e9ninsule du Yucatan au Mexique et un changement plus lent dans les montagnes du Costa Rica, de l\u2019Honduras, du Guatemala et du Mexique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abNotre mod\u00e8le montre qu’il existe deux grands types de corridors facilitant la migration des esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales \u2013 les corridors dans les plaines du nord et du nord-est, et les corridors qui relient les aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es dans les montagnes avec d\u2019autres zones \u00e0 des altitudes inf\u00e9rieures\u00bb, dit-il.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tude souligne l’importance de la conception d’un r\u00e9seau <\/span><\/span><\/span>d’aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es et de corridors<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u00e0 travers de toute la r\u00e9gion. Un tel plan est d\u00e9j\u00e0 en cours: le Corridor Biologique M\u00e9so-am\u00e9ricain, un effort de plusieurs pays pour relier des zones importantes de biodiversit\u00e9 par un r\u00e9seau s’\u00e9tendant du Panama au Mexique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c0 l’origine, ce syst\u00e8me, qui a environ dix ans, n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u en pensant au changement climatique. La nouvelle recherche pourrait aider les d\u00e9cideurs politiques \u00e0 prendre en compte la migration des esp\u00e8ces pour cartographier les futurs corridors.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abDans certains endroits, dit M. Locatelli, m\u00eame les esp\u00e8ces les plus rapides ne seront pas en mesure de s’adapter au changement climatique.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur les sujets abord\u00e9s dans cet article, veuillez contacter b.locatelli@cgiar.org<\/a><\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre du Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l’agroforesterie et est soutenu par le projet MESOTERRA du Programme agroenvironnemental m\u00e9so-am\u00e9ricain du <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>Centre agronomique tropical de recherche et d’enseignement (<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>CATIE).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TURRIALBA, Costa Rica (6 janvier 2014) \u2013 Tandis que l\u2019aire de r\u00e9partition de certaines esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales se d\u00e9place vers des altitudes plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es en raison du changement climatique, les corridors biologiques reliant les aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es deviendront plus importants pour conserver la biodiversit\u00e9 naturelle, selon les scientifiques. Les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes naturels fournissent des services tels que la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":20352,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,1072],"tags":[1296],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[831],"class_list":["post-20835","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-landscapes","tag-central-america","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes corridors biologiques aident les plantes \u00e0 s\u2019adapter au changement climatique \u2013 \u00e9tude - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/20835\/les-corridors-biologiques-aident-les-plantes-a-sadapter-au-changement-climatique-etude\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les corridors biologiques aident les plantes \u00e0 s\u2019adapter au changement climatique \u2013 \u00e9tude\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"TURRIALBA, Costa Rica (6 janvier 2014) \u2013 Tandis que l\u2019aire de r\u00e9partition de certaines esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales se d\u00e9place vers des altitudes plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es en raison du changement climatique, les corridors biologiques reliant les aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es deviendront plus importants pour conserver la biodiversit\u00e9 naturelle, selon les scientifiques. 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