{"id":20608,"date":"2013-12-09T06:00:12","date_gmt":"2013-12-08T23:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=20608"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:49:48","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:49:48","slug":"combiner-adaptation-et-attenuation-du-changement-climatique-une-option-gagnante","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/20608\/combiner-adaptation-et-attenuation-du-changement-climatique-une-option-gagnante","title":{"rendered":"Combiner adaptation et att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique: une option gagnant-gagnant"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Les paysages ruraux contribuent \u00e0 l’adaptation et \u00e0 l’att\u00e9nuation en absorbant et en stockant du carbone, tout en temp\u00e9rant les effets du changement climatique et en permettant aux agriculteurs de diversifier leurs moyens de subsistance, explique un scientifique du CIFOR. Photo: CIFOR<\/a>\/Ollivier Girard<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

TURRIALBA, Costa Rica (9 d\u00e9cembre 2013<\/span><\/span><\/span>) \u2013 Bien que des paysages ruraux puissent \u00eatre g\u00e9r\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 optimiser \u00e0 la fois l’att\u00e9nuation et l’adaptation au changement climatique, de nombreux projets de d\u00e9veloppement ax\u00e9s sur le climat ne parviennent pas \u00e0 tirer profit de leurs b\u00e9n\u00e9fices combin\u00e9s, selon Bruno Locatelli, chercheur au Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR) et au Centre de coop\u00e9ration Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le D\u00e9veloppement (CIRAD).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Avec une planification appliqu\u00e9e, les paysages peuvent \u00eatre g\u00e9r\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 renforcer les synergies entre l’adaptation et l’att\u00e9nuation, tout en \u00e9quilibrant les compromis, a-t-il <\/span><\/span><\/span>d\u00e9clar\u00e9<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> lors d’une conf\u00e9rence au Centre de Recherche sur l’Agriculture Tropicale et de l\u2019\u00c9ducation sup\u00e9rieure (<\/span><\/span><\/span>Centro Agron\u00f3mico Tropical de Investigaci\u00f3n y Ense\u00f1anza<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>, CATIE) au Costa Rica en octobre.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abIl existe un fort potentiel d’int\u00e9gration de l’adaptation et l’att\u00e9nuation dans les 235 projets que nous avons examin\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale. Toutefois, les documents de projets ne mentionnent pas souvent les raisons de les int\u00e9grer\u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 M. Locatelli <\/span><\/span><\/span>aux participants<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> de la septi\u00e8me Conf\u00e9rence scientifique interam\u00e9ricaine Henry A. Wallace, qui marquait le 40<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> anniversaire de la fondation CATIE.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’att\u00e9nuation – qui consiste \u00e0 r\u00e9duire ou \u00e0 compenser les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre – et l’adaptation – qui d\u00e9signe les ajustements visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire l’impact du changement climatique – sont souvent catalogu\u00e9es s\u00e9par\u00e9ment, dit-il. Pourtant, les paysages ruraux contribuent \u00e0 l’adaptation et \u00e0 l’att\u00e9nuation en absorbant et en stockant du carbone, tout en temp\u00e9rant les effets du changement climatique et en permettant aux agriculteurs de diversifier leurs moyens de subsistance. Les projets de d\u00e9veloppement ruraux ax\u00e9s sur l’adaptation pourraient facilement int\u00e9grer des strat\u00e9gies d’att\u00e9nuation, dit M. Locatelli.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Par exemple, un projet visant \u00e0 aider les agriculteurs \u00e0 accro\u00eetre leur r\u00e9silience au changement climatique et \u00e0 diversifier leurs revenus pourrait inclure la restauration des bassins versants pour les prot\u00e9ger contre les inondations. De plus, les arbres plant\u00e9s pour une telle restauration auraient l’avantage d’att\u00e9nuer les gaz \u00e0 effet de serre par le stockage du carbone. Une strat\u00e9gie d’att\u00e9nuation s’ajouterait ainsi au projet d’adaptation.Mais l’adaptation et l’att\u00e9nuation ne s’harmonisent pas toujours parfaitement, selon M. Locatelli.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Si ces arbres sont dans une plantation, il pourrait y avoir des cons\u00e9quences non voulues. Par exemple, une diminution de la disponibilit\u00e9 en eau, une augmentation du ruissellement pendant les orages ou l’utilisation de produits agricoles chimiques pourraient pr\u00e9senter des risques pour les personnes en aval.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bien que la conservation d’une for\u00eat puisse permettre \u00e0 une collectivit\u00e9 locale de recevoir une compensation pour la r\u00e9duction du d\u00e9boisement dans le cadre du programme REDD+ (R\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions issues de la d\u00e9forestation et de la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats) soutenu par l’ONU, elle pourrait \u00e9galement induire des restrictions qui limiteraient l’acc\u00e8s des populations aux produits forestiers. Ceux-ci sont importants pour leurs moyens de subsistance et pour faire face aux variations climatiques, dit M. Locatelli.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abIl est n\u00e9cessaire de prendre en compte \u00e0 la fois les synergies et les compromis\u00bb, dit-il. <\/span><\/span><\/span>Le manque de donn\u00e9es r\u00e9elles pour guider la conception des projets et les d\u00e9cisions politiques complique les choses. Lorsque M. Locatelli a examin\u00e9 139 documents sur l\u2019adaptation et l’att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique, il a constat\u00e9 que 64 mentionnent des raisons pour int\u00e9grer l’att\u00e9nuation et l’adaptation dans les projets, mais seulement 11 documents ont r\u00e9ellement \u00e9tudi\u00e9 les projets existants sur le changement climatique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cela signifie que de nombreux projets sont probablement con\u00e7us et entam\u00e9s sans s’appuyer sur des preuves scientifiques suffisantes, dit-il. Certaines de ces lacunes de connaissances pourraient \u00eatre combl\u00e9es si les dirigeants de projet disposaient de syst\u00e8mes communs pour collecter des donn\u00e9es sur le terrain qui pourraient ensuite \u00eatre partag\u00e9es, dit-il.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Plusieurs mesures ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 prises en ce sens. Les <\/span><\/span><\/span>Normes Climat, Communaut\u00e9 et Biodiversit\u00e9<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u00abidentifient les projets qui luttent simultan\u00e9ment contre le changement climatique, soutiennent les communaut\u00e9s locales et pr\u00e9servent la biodiversit\u00e9\u00bb, selon l’organisme.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les communaut\u00e9s locales militent particuli\u00e8rement pour b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de la combinaison des mesures d’adaptation et d’att\u00e9nuation, dit M. Locatelli.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abSi vous ajoutez des mesures d’adaptation aux projets de REDD+, vous pouvez traiter les questions d’\u00e9quit\u00e9, accro\u00eetre la participation des parties prenantes et rendre le projet plus acceptable pour les communaut\u00e9s locales. La combinaison de l’adaptation et de l’att\u00e9nuation aborde la durabilit\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re plus holistique.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur les sujets abord\u00e9s dans cet article, veuillez contacter <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>b.locatelli@cgiar.org<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre du Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l’agroforesterie et est soutenu par le partenariat de recherche CIFOR-REDD+ AusAid. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Les mesures d’att\u00e9nuation et d’adaptation<\/a> \u00e9taient \u00e0 l’ordre du jour lors des n\u00e9gociations de l’ONU sur le climat \u00e0 Varsovie. Les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices potentiels de la combinaison des strat\u00e9gies d’adaptation et d’att\u00e9nuation ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 abord\u00e9es lors du Forum mondial sur les Paysages<\/a> du 16 au 17 novembre, qui co\u00efncidait avec le sommet de l’ONU sur le climat.
\nCet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 dans sa version originale le 13 novembre. <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TURRIALBA, Costa Rica (9 d\u00e9cembre 2013) \u2013 Bien que des paysages ruraux puissent \u00eatre g\u00e9r\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 optimiser \u00e0 la fois l’att\u00e9nuation et l’adaptation au changement climatique, de nombreux projets de d\u00e9veloppement ax\u00e9s sur le climat ne parviennent pas \u00e0 tirer profit de leurs b\u00e9n\u00e9fices combin\u00e9s, selon Bruno Locatelli, chercheur au Centre de Recherche […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":20194,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,1072,180],"tags":[479],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[831],"class_list":["post-20608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-landscapes","category-mitigating-climate-change","tag-global","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCombiner adaptation et att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique: une option gagnant-gagnant - 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