{"id":20279,"date":"2013-11-15T18:53:15","date_gmt":"2013-11-15T11:53:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=20279"},"modified":"2015-07-06T15:35:02","modified_gmt":"2015-07-06T08:35:02","slug":"un-lac-ouest-africain-sert-de-laboratoire-de-terrain-pour-la-recherche-paysagere-a-long-terme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/20279\/un-lac-ouest-africain-sert-de-laboratoire-de-terrain-pour-la-recherche-paysagere-a-long-terme","title":{"rendered":"Un lac Ouest Africain sert de laboratoire de terrain pour la recherche paysag\u00e8re \u00e0 long terme"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_19786\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19786\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/8632834163_96d68f7890_z.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-19786\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/8632834163_96d68f7890_z-500x332.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"332\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-19786\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Le lac Bam est l&rsquo;un des huit programmes des Paysages Sentinelles d&rsquo;Afrique de l&rsquo;Ouest identifi\u00e9s au niveau mondial par le CIFOR et ses partenaires. CIFOR\/Ollivier Girard<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (29 octobre 2013) \u2013 D&rsquo;ann\u00e9e en ann\u00e9e, on observe de moins en moins ces longues rang\u00e9es de v\u00e9hicules, d&rsquo;\u00e2nes et de pi\u00e9tons qui se forment aux travers\u00e9es infranchissables des rivi\u00e8res autour du lac Bam.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Est-ce le r\u00e9sultat d&rsquo;une meilleure infrastructure routi\u00e8re? Ou du recul des niveaux d&rsquo;eau du lac? Quel est le r\u00f4le du changement climatique? Ceci est difficile \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer, en partie parce qu&rsquo;il existe peu de recherches qui abordent tous ces facteurs, selon un scientifique du Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Un grand nombre de facteurs naturels et humains influencent l&rsquo;environnement dans la r\u00e9gion du lac Bam dans le nord du Burkina Faso. Par cons\u00e9quent, les approches fragment\u00e9es et \u00e0 court terme de la recherche ici et dans d&rsquo;autres paysages forestiers ont largement \u00e9chou\u00e9 \u00e0 traiter la situation dans son ensemble, <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/about-us\/cifor-scientific-staff-profiles\/detail-profile\/staff\/001476.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">selon Michael Balinga<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">, chercheur r\u00e9gional pour le CIFOR en Afrique de l&rsquo;Ouest, bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Ouagadougou, la capitale.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Une nouvelle approche de recherche collaborative pourrait apporter un aper\u00e7u de l&rsquo;\u00e9volution des <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">paysages<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> forestiers au cours des d\u00e9cennies \u00e0 venir dans des sites cl\u00e9s tels que celui du lac Bam, dit M. Balinga.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">C&rsquo;est la raison pour laquelle le lac Bam est l&rsquo;un des huit programmes des Paysages Sentinelles d&rsquo;Afrique de l&rsquo;Ouest identifi\u00e9s (WASL) au niveau mondial par le CIFOR et ses partenaires. Les paysages sentinelles agissent comme des laboratoires de terrain pour observer les changements et leurs facteurs d\u00e9terminants &#8211; qu&rsquo;ils soient d&rsquo;origine humaine ou naturelle.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LevM5TReEOA?rel=0\" height=\"315\" width=\"420\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Une nouvelle approche de la recherche<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u00abDans le pass\u00e9, l&rsquo;organisation de la recherche s&rsquo;organisait en fonction des financements et des int\u00e9r\u00eats individuels des chercheurs, donc elle refl\u00e9tait un aspect \u00e0 un moment donn\u00e9\u00bb, dit M. Balinga, coordinateur du WASL.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Les scientifiques vont recueillir des donn\u00e9es et mesurer les changements dans chacun des huit paysages sentinelles afin de mieux comprendre comment ces zones interagissent avec les processus globaux. L&rsquo;objectif g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de cette approche est d&rsquo;examiner le r\u00f4le des for\u00eats en lien avec d&rsquo;autres r\u00e9sultats sur les utilisations terrestres et les moyens de subsistance, pour soutenir l&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration de la gestion des ressources naturelles et contribuer \u00e0 la prise de d\u00e9cision globale.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Une nouvelle approche de la recherche foresti\u00e8re permettra d&rsquo;\u00e9tendre la p\u00e9riode classique des projets scientifiques de trois \u00e0 cinq ans d&rsquo;\u00e9tude, \u00e0 des d\u00e9cennies de collecte et d&rsquo;analyse de donn\u00e9es interdisciplinaires, afin d&rsquo;approfondir la connaissance scientifique sur les milieux forestiers, dit M. Balinga.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u00abL&rsquo;approche des paysages sentinelles est destin\u00e9e \u00e0 remplacer une vue momentan\u00e9e par une vue sur le long terme &#8211; des d\u00e9cennies de surveillance continue sont n\u00e9cessaires si nous voulons comprendre les processus \u00e0 long terme, tels que le changement climatique\u00bb, ajoute-il.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Selon M. Balinga, la collaboration entre les divers scientifiques sur l&rsquo;approche des paysages sentinelles permettra \u00e9galement d&rsquo;\u00e9largir le champ de leurs recherches. \u00abC&rsquo;est comme si nous faisions un zoom arri\u00e8re sur les for\u00eats et commencions \u00e0 voir comment les diff\u00e9rents facteurs sont li\u00e9s, avec une vision grand angle\u00bb, explique M. Balinga.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Au cours des deux derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les scientifiques ont s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 plusieurs paysages pour r\u00e9aliser un examen sentinelle, recoupant une gamme de syst\u00e8mes forestiers diff\u00e9rents \u00e0 travers le monde entier. Six sont d&rsquo;ordre g\u00e9ographique (deux en Am\u00e9rique latine, en Asie du Sud-est ainsi qu&rsquo;en Afrique) et deux d&rsquo;ordre th\u00e9matique (une recherche sur l&rsquo;industrie de l&rsquo;huile de palme et une sur les for\u00eats tropicales de production).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Le Paysage Sentinelle d&rsquo;Afrique de l&rsquo;Ouest s&rsquo;\u00e9tend de l&rsquo;est du Mali au nord du Togo. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi car ses caract\u00e9ristiques sont repr\u00e9sentatives de la r\u00e9gion du Sahel dans son ensemble.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u00abC&rsquo;est comme une tour de guet depuis laquelle nous allons recueillir des donn\u00e9es \u00e0 long terme sur l&rsquo;\u00e9volution des diverses caract\u00e9ristiques biophysiques, humaines et environnementales\u00bb, explique M. Balinga.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Les sites sentinelles<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Au Burkina Faso, le lac Bam est l&rsquo;endroit o\u00f9 les scientifiques peuvent \u00e9tudier l&rsquo;impact de certains des anciens processus qui influencent les changements dans le paysage. Sa longue histoire de culture du coton li\u00e9e aux migrations et \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation, a rendue la r\u00e9gion plus s\u00e8che et ses sols plus pauvres.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Plus au sud du Burkina Faso, un autre site sentinelle, Kassou, est un poste id\u00e9al pour observer un processus plus r\u00e9cent. \u00abLa culture du coton se d\u00e9place vers le sud, o\u00f9 il y a plus de for\u00eats et de terres fertiles\u00bb, dit M. Balinga.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u00abLes m\u00eames d\u00e9cisions et et les m\u00eames facteurs auront-ils les m\u00eames effets ici qu&rsquo;au lac Bam? Peut-\u00eatre que oui, peut-\u00eatre que non &#8211; la zone est plus humide, la culture et l&rsquo;ethnicit\u00e9 des personnes sont diff\u00e9rentes. C&rsquo;est ce que nous souhaitons savoir.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Depuis une premi\u00e8re r\u00e9union \u00e0 Ouagadougou en janvier dernier, des chercheurs, provenant d&rsquo;organisations locales et internationales du Paysage Sentinelle d&rsquo;Afrique de l&rsquo;Ouest ont travaill\u00e9 ensemble pour d\u00e9terminer comment recueillir des donn\u00e9es \u00abde base\u00bb. Ces donn\u00e9es sont le point de d\u00e9part \u00e0 partir duquel ils observeront les facteurs comme les situations \u00e9conomiques et sociales, l&rsquo;utilisation des terres et la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u00abC&rsquo;est l&rsquo;occasion pour les diff\u00e9rents chercheurs et institutions de partager les ressources, les donn\u00e9es et les r\u00e9sultats, de sorte que nous disposions d&rsquo;un vaste programme de recherche, couvrant les diff\u00e9rents \u00e9l\u00e9ments li\u00e9s entre eux. Aucune institution ou aucun chercheur seuls ne pourraient les couvrir\u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. Balinga.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">La collaboration et des m\u00e9thodologies standardis\u00e9es \u00e9viteront la duplication du travail entre les scientifiques et persuaderont les donateurs d&rsquo;engager des fonds pour la recherche \u00e0 long terme, dit-il.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Pour plus d&rsquo;informations sur les sujets abord\u00e9s dans cet article, veuillez contacter Michael Balinga sur <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"mailto:m.balinga@cgiar.org\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>m.balinga@cgiar.org<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Certains de ces th\u00e8mes seront abord\u00e9s durant le <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b><a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">Forum mondial sur les paysages<\/a><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b> <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>lors de la Conf\u00e9rence sur le changement climatique \u00e0 Varsovie en novembre 2013.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i><b>Ce travail s&rsquo;inscrit dans le cadre du Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l&rsquo;agroforesterie.<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (29 octobre 2013) \u2013 D&rsquo;ann\u00e9e en ann\u00e9e, on observe de moins en moins ces longues rang\u00e9es de v\u00e9hicules, d&rsquo;\u00e2nes et de pi\u00e9tons qui se forment aux travers\u00e9es infranchissables des rivi\u00e8res autour du lac Bam. Est-ce le r\u00e9sultat d&rsquo;une meilleure infrastructure routi\u00e8re? Ou du recul des niveaux d&rsquo;eau du lac? Quel est le r\u00f4le [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,1072],"tags":[322],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1041],"class_list":["post-20279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-landscapes","tag-africa","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Un lac Ouest Africain sert de laboratoire de terrain pour la recherche paysag\u00e8re \u00e0 long terme - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/20279\/un-lac-ouest-africain-sert-de-laboratoire-de-terrain-pour-la-recherche-paysagere-a-long-terme\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Un lac Ouest Africain sert de laboratoire de terrain pour la recherche paysag\u00e8re \u00e0 long terme\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (29 octobre 2013) \u2013 D&rsquo;ann\u00e9e en ann\u00e9e, on observe de moins en moins ces longues rang\u00e9es de v\u00e9hicules, d&rsquo;\u00e2nes et de pi\u00e9tons qui se forment aux travers\u00e9es infranchissables des rivi\u00e8res autour du lac Bam. Est-ce le r\u00e9sultat d&rsquo;une meilleure infrastructure routi\u00e8re? Ou du recul des niveaux d&rsquo;eau du lac? 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