{"id":19248,"date":"2013-09-30T06:00:29","date_gmt":"2013-09-29T23:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=19248"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:22:17","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:22:17","slug":"les-approches-paysageres-peuvent-mettre-fin-au-debat-qui-oppose-lagriculture-aux-forets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/19248\/les-approches-paysageres-peuvent-mettre-fin-au-debat-qui-oppose-lagriculture-aux-forets","title":{"rendered":"Les \u00abapproches paysag\u00e8res\u00bb peuvent mettre fin au d\u00e9bat qui oppose l’agriculture aux for\u00eats"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"A<\/a>
Un cultivateur de ma\u00efs \u00e0 Kisumu au Kenya. Photo utilis\u00e9e avec permission de Neil Palmer (CIAT).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

RIO DE JANEIRO, Br\u00e9sil (21 juin 2012) _ Une nouvelle approche de la gestion des terres, bas\u00e9e sur les services sociaux, \u00e9conomiques et environnementaux qu’elles fournissent, pourrait mettre fin au d\u00e9bat en cours affirmant que les for\u00eats doivent \u00eatre sacrifi\u00e9es au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice du d\u00e9veloppement agricole et aider les acteurs \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer le meilleur moyen de maximiser le potentiel de leurs terres, pour s\u00e9curiser les <\/span><\/span>approvisionnements en nourriture <\/span><\/span>durable sur le long terme.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abL’approche paysag\u00e8res est un moyen par lequel nous pouvons am\u00e9liorer la productivit\u00e9 agricole et les moyens de subsistance en milieu rural, tout en r\u00e9pondant aux menaces qui p\u00e8sent sur les for\u00eats, l’eau et la biodiversit\u00e9\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Frances Seymour, directrice g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR) lors de la Journ\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement agricole et rural tenue en marge de la Conf\u00e9rence Rio +20.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Plus de 100 chefs d’Etat ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>un ordre du jour intitul\u00e9 \u00abL’avenir que nous voulons\u00bb<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> afin d’\u00e9quilibrer la demande croissante en nourriture, carburant et autres ressources naturelles, tout en faisant la transition vers une \u00e9conomie verte, plus \u00e9quitable.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La recherche bas\u00e9e sur les paysages consid\u00e8re qu’il existe diff\u00e9rentes parties du paysage qui fournissent des biens et des services diff\u00e9rents pour soutenir les moyens de subsistance et que celles-ci sont reli\u00e9es entre elles. Par cons\u00e9quent, ce qui se passe dans une partie du paysage a un impact sur une autre, explique Louis Verchot, chercheur exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 du Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abCe qui se passe dans les for\u00eats a un impact sur la qualit\u00e9 et la quantit\u00e9 de l’eau. Ce qui arrive \u00e0 l’eau a un impact sur la productivit\u00e9 agricole. Ce qu’il advient de la productivit\u00e9 agricole a un impact sur la quantit\u00e9 de for\u00eat qui est retir\u00e9e de ce paysage\u00bb, dit-il.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La recherche sur les paysages a \u00e9t\u00e9 salu\u00e9e comme une nouvelle mani\u00e8re de r\u00e9unir les secteurs de l’agriculture, la foresterie, l’\u00e9nergie et la p\u00eache, pour trouver des solutions collaboratives et innovatrices afin d’all\u00e9ger la pression croissante sur les ressources de la plan\u00e8te.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Selon le dernier <\/span><\/span>rapport europ\u00e9en sur le d\u00e9veloppement<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, la demande mondiale en eau devrait augmenter de 40% et celle en nourriture de 50% d’ici 2030.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abNous avons un \u00e9norme d\u00e9fi devant nous afin de r\u00e9pondre dans le monde aux besoins de la plan\u00e8te … la production agricole devrait \u00eatre en harmonie avec la vision moderne du d\u00e9veloppement durable … avec l’intention de mettre fin \u00e0 la pauvret\u00e9 et de cr\u00e9er des emplois et des revenus\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Jorge Alberto Portanova Mendes Ribeiro Filho, Ministre de l’agriculture, de l’\u00e9levage et de l’approvisionnement alimentaire au Br\u00e9sil.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En d\u00e9pit de la pression croissante exerc\u00e9e sur les ressources foresti\u00e8res par l’expansion de la production agricole, l’\u00e9levage et les industries de biocarburants, Mme Seymour souligne qu’il est n\u00e9cessaire de mettre fin au d\u00e9bat qui a oppos\u00e9 l’agriculture et les for\u00eats.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les conclusions principales des recherches du CIFOR et d’autres<\/a> chercheurs*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> ont \u00e9tabli un lien \u00e9troit entre l’importance des for\u00eats pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, et cela doit \u00eatre mieux int\u00e9gr\u00e9 dans les programmes mondiaux.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abJe pense que le temps o\u00f9 l’on se pr\u00e9occupait des for\u00eats pour le bien des for\u00eats est termin\u00e9. Maintenant nous devons avoir des for\u00eats int\u00e9gr\u00e9es dans d’autres agendas de recherche\u00bb, dit M. Verchot.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abPar exemple, certains groupes s’occupent des for\u00eats et d’autres de l’agriculture: ceci n’est pas productif. Nous devons les r\u00e9unir d’une mani\u00e8re int\u00e9gr\u00e9e dans les paysages, afin de les rendre utiles les uns aux autres.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le CIFOR, en collaboration avec <\/span><\/span>ICRAF<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>CIAT<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> et <\/span><\/span>Bioversity<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, a r\u00e9cemment annonc\u00e9 un nouveau programme de <\/span><\/span>recherche<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>* qui vise \u00e0 comprendre et \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la fa\u00e7on dont les for\u00eats, les arbres et les syst\u00e8mes agroforestiers sont g\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 travers les paysages. Le <\/span><\/span>programme<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> vise \u00e0 accro\u00eetre la productivit\u00e9, la durabilit\u00e9 et l’\u00e9quit\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes forestiers et agroforestiers, \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la gestion et la conservation des ressources foresti\u00e8res et arboricoles, et \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la gestion des paysages forestiers pour les services environnementaux, la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 et les moyens de subsistance.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abGr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce programme, nous adoptons une approche compl\u00e8te par le paysage qui n’est pas seulement ax\u00e9e sur les for\u00eats non-perturb\u00e9es et perturb\u00e9es, mais aussi sur le r\u00f4le des arbres dans les exploitations agricoles. Ceci offre une image incroyablement complexe\u00bb, ajoute Mme Seymour.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Rachel Kyte, vice-pr\u00e9sidente du d\u00e9veloppement durable \u00e0 la Banque mondiale et du CGIAR Fund Council Chair, se dit rassur\u00e9e que les secteurs forestiers et agricoles qui ont eu \u00abdes conversations diff\u00e9rentes dans diff\u00e9rents espaces\u00bb par le pass\u00e9, \u00abcommencent maintenant \u00e0 parler le m\u00eame langage\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mme Kyte souligne \u00e9galement qu’une approche paysag\u00e8re serait essentielle pour de comprendre la comment mesurer et d’optimiser au mieux les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques, afin de s\u00e9curiser les approvisionnements alimentaires futurs.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abNous devons apprendre \u00e0 mettre en perspective la culture des services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques, tels que la purification de l’eau, la r\u00e9tention d’eau, la fertilit\u00e9 des sols, la s\u00e9questration du carbone et la protection des littoraux, d’une mani\u00e8re qui permette de r\u00e9duire l’impact environnemental\u00bb, ajoute-t-elle.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Alors que l’intensification agricole a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme une solution \u00e0 la crise de la demande alimentaire, il n’y a pas eu d’accord pour savoir dans quelle mesure elle peut aider \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la d\u00e9forestation, et les politiques soutenant cette intensification doivent \u00eatre bien r\u00e9fl\u00e9chies, dit Mme Seymour.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLes recherches du CIFOR ont prouv\u00e9 que si l’on augmente la productivit\u00e9 agricole, on peut r\u00e9ellement acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la d\u00e9forestation car cela permet souvent de gagner de plus l’argent. L’intensification de l’agriculture doit \u00eatre jointe \u00e0 la politique foresti\u00e8re et aux r\u00e9formes de la gouvernance, telles que le renforcement de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re et l’application de la loi.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c0 la lumi\u00e8re de ces d\u00e9fis, les approches paysag\u00e8res pourraient offrir de nouvelles possibilit\u00e9s afin d’int\u00e9grer la gestion des ressources, tout en promouvant les objectifs de conservation et de d\u00e9veloppement. Les partenariats entre les secteurs public et priv\u00e9 ont entra\u00een\u00e9 des changements importants dans les paysages de pays comme le Br\u00e9sil, o\u00f9 la production agricole a explos\u00e9 sans pour autant sacrifier sa couverture foresti\u00e8re, la d\u00e9forestation ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duite de plus de 70% au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abNous devons collectivement visualiser de quoi un paysage aura l’air, pour qui et comment il a besoin de fonctionner. Puis nous pourrons r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande croissante en fonds propres naturels<\/span><\/span>\u00bb, ajoute Mme Kyte.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Et la recherche scientifique \u00e9volue pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 cette demande connaissante. \u00abLe <\/span><\/span>Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l’agroforesterie<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> n’en est qu’\u00e0 ses d\u00e9buts\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Mme Seymour, \u00ables scientifiques s’enthousiasme d\u00e9j\u00e0 des possibilit\u00e9s qu’il offre.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Avec des informations compl\u00e9mentaires de Michelle Kovacevic.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

*Liens non traduits en fran\u00e7ais<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

RIO DE JANEIRO, Br\u00e9sil (21 juin 2012) _ Une nouvelle approche de la gestion des terres, bas\u00e9e sur les services sociaux, \u00e9conomiques et environnementaux qu’elles fournissent, pourrait mettre fin au d\u00e9bat en cours affirmant que les for\u00eats doivent \u00eatre sacrifi\u00e9es au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice du d\u00e9veloppement agricole et aider les acteurs \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer le meilleur moyen de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[188,95,1072],"tags":[479],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[213],"class_list":["post-19248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-food-and-diets","category-human-wellbeing","category-landscapes","tag-global","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes \u00abapproches paysag\u00e8res\u00bb peuvent mettre fin au d\u00e9bat qui oppose l'agriculture aux for\u00eats - 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