{"id":18996,"date":"2013-09-11T06:00:21","date_gmt":"2013-09-10T23:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=18996"},"modified":"2018-02-07T12:00:38","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T05:00:38","slug":"lindustrie-du-miel-de-foret-des-jenu-kuruba-en-inde-sen-tient-a-la-tradition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/18996\/lindustrie-du-miel-de-foret-des-jenu-kuruba-en-inde-sen-tient-a-la-tradition","title":{"rendered":"L’industrie du miel de for\u00eat des Jenu Kuruba en Inde s’en tient \u00e0 la tradition"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\u201cUntuk<\/a>
\u00abComprendre comment les gens apprennent concerne directement les informations qu’ils re\u00e7oivent et la fa\u00e7on dont ils utilisent leur environnement – comprendre le syst\u00e8me de transmission du comportement dans son ensemble peut aider \u00e0 pr\u00e9dire la fa\u00e7on dont une culture \u00e9volue\u00bb, selon la scientifique Kathryn Demps. Photo: Sachin Sandhu<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bogor, Indon\u00e9sie (20 ao\u00fbt 2013) – Observer comment les comp\u00e9tences de collecte du miel sont transmises d’une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration \u00e0 une autre et comment ces comp\u00e9tences sont conserv\u00e9es, fournit des indications importantes sur la fa\u00e7on dont les gens acqui\u00e8rent et d\u00e9ploient diff\u00e9rents types de connaissances sociales \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents \u00e2ges, d\u00e9montre une recherche.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour une communaut\u00e9 tribale vivant dans les montagnes bois\u00e9es des Gh\u00e2ts occidentaux dans le sud de l’Inde, le r\u00f4le culturel, spirituel et \u00e9conomique central que joue la collecte du miel est illustr\u00e9 par son nom – Jenu Kuruba – qui se traduit par \u00abcollecteurs de miel\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abComprendre la mani\u00e8re dont les gens apprennent influence directement le type d’information qu’ils re\u00e7oivent et la fa\u00e7on dont ils utilisent leur environnement – comprendre le syst\u00e8me de transmission du comportement dans son ensemble peut aider \u00e0 pr\u00e9dire la fa\u00e7on dont une culture \u00e9volue\u00bb, selon la scientifique Kathryn Demps, auteur principale de <\/span><\/span>L’apprentissage social tout au long du cycle de vie : Acquisition de connaissances culturelles pour la r\u00e9colte du miel parmi les Jenu Kuruba, Inde<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u2013 un projet soutenu en partie par le Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abCette connaissance peut nous aider \u00e0 comprendre quelles sont les motivations des individus pour apprendre des m\u00e9thodes durables afin d’assurer leurs moyens de subsistance futurs\u00bb, dit-elle, ajoutant que les comp\u00e9tences et les connaissances traditionnelles persistent au sein du peuple Jenu Kuruba car la production de miel est une strat\u00e9gie \u00e9conomique pr\u00e9cieuse.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Environ 30 000 Jenu Kuruba vivent dans ou \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des for\u00eats d\u00e9cidues s\u00e8ches, contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par l’\u00c9tat, en gagnant l’essentiel de leurs revenus du travail dans les plantations locales de caf\u00e9 et en compl\u00e9tant leurs salaires par la vente de miel sauvage pour environ 2 dollars le litre (34 onces) aux commerces locaux et \u00e0 une coop\u00e9rative g\u00e9r\u00e9e par l’\u00c9tat, selon <\/span><\/span>l’article<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> de Mme Demps et ses coll\u00e8gues.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

LA R\u00c9COLTE DU MIEL<\/b><\/p>\n

Les chercheurs ont recueilli des donn\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s d’environ 470 villageois, en ont interview\u00e9 196, et ont d\u00e9couvert que les enfants commencent l’apprentissage de la r\u00e9colte du miel entre six et huit ans.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ils acqui\u00e8rent la majorit\u00e9 de leurs connaissances de base sur les abeilles et sur la collecte du miel avant l’\u00e2ge de 12 ans par des membres du foyer. Mais ils ne peuvent pas commencer \u00e0 le collecter physiquement aupr\u00e8s des abeilles g\u00e9antes, les plus productives, avant d’\u00eatre assez grands et assez forts, explique le rapport. \u00c0 un \u00e2ge plus avanc\u00e9, ils sont susceptibles d’apprendre davantage de leurs pairs et des personnes expertes en la mati\u00e8re, afin de perfectionner leurs comp\u00e9tences et leurs connaissances.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c0 l’\u00e2ge de 18 ans, les gar\u00e7ons recueillent le miel des ruches qui se situent sur des branches d’arbres ou des rochers, souvent plus de 40 m\u00e8tres (130 pieds) au-dessus du sol, au sein de groupes de trois \u00e0 huit personnes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les t\u00e2ches connexes, y compris la coupe des nids d’abeilles, la collecte du miel dans un panier et la fabrication de torches enfum\u00e9es pour r\u00e9duire les piq\u00fbres, sont r\u00e9parties entre les hommes, qui recueillent souvent le miel durant la nuit lorsque les abeilles sont moins agressives.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les hommes s’arr\u00eatent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de collecter le miel entre 40 et 50 ans, mais certains continuent \u00e0 accompagner les hommes plus jeunes \u00e0 titre consultatif.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les filles ont l’interdiction de r\u00e9colter du miel \u00e0 partir de la pubert\u00e9.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

IMPACT DU VIEILLISSEMENT<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La plupart des connaissances de base sur la collecte du miel est acquise dans les 20 premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es – tr\u00e8s peu de personnes ont appris ou ont ma\u00eetris\u00e9 le savoir-faire apr\u00e8s 30 ans et aucune apr\u00e8s 40 ans, ont constat\u00e9 les chercheurs.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abComme la dur\u00e9e de la p\u00e9riode de pratique et les opportunit\u00e9s d’observation sont limit\u00e9es, les individus qui renoncent \u00e0 apprendre en bas \u00e2ge risquent de ne jamais combler le d\u00e9ficit plus tard dans leur vie\u00bb, selon le rapport.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les personnes les mieux instruites interrog\u00e9es durant l’\u00e9tude n’\u00e9taient pas n\u00e9cessairement les plus \u00e2g\u00e9es, ce qui indique que les chercheurs ne devraient pas pr\u00e9sumer que les a\u00een\u00e9s disposent d’un large savoir-faire dans le domaine des connaissances culturelles, a-t-il dit.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les entretiens ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu’au sein du groupe le plus \u00e2g\u00e9, le d\u00e9clin des capacit\u00e9s mentales et physiques li\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e2ge a un impact.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La transmission du savoir du parent \u00e0 l’enfant a \u00e9t\u00e9 jug\u00e9e importante, mais en \u00e9largissant l’\u00e9chantillon des enseignants potentiels, un individu davantage de possibilit\u00e9s d’acquisition des meilleures informations ou les plus actuelles, indique le rapport.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLa connaissance rituelle est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d\u00e9tenue par un nombre limit\u00e9 d’individus. Par cons\u00e9quent, il est peu probable qu’elle soit poss\u00e9d\u00e9e – et donc enseign\u00e9e – par les chaque parent\u00bb, a-t-il ajout\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abNous constatons que, afin que ces comp\u00e9tences persistent, il doit y avoir de la motivation – dans ce cas l’argent – ainsi qu’une exposition \u00e0 des individus comp\u00e9tents et \u00e0 l’environnement dans lequel se d\u00e9roule l’activit\u00e9\u00bb, a-t-elle dit. Il pr\u00e9cise que si l’un des trois facteurs est supprim\u00e9, l’ensemble des comp\u00e9tences, et donc l’entrepreneuriat, sera probablement perdu pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur les sujets abord\u00e9s dans cet article, veuillez contacter Terry Sunderland sur <\/b>t.sunderland@cgiar.org<\/b><\/a><\/span><\/span> ou Claude Garcia sur <\/b>claude.garcia@cirad.fr<\/a><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre du Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l’agroforesterie et est<\/i><\/span><\/span> soutenu par <\/i><\/span><\/span>Programme de l’anthropologie culturelle du NSF et l’Agence Nationale de Recherche fran\u00e7aise (Politiques publiques et gestion traditionnelle des arbres et des for\u00eats – POPULAR). Le travail en Inde faisait partie du projet Gestion de la biodiversit\u00e9 dans les paysages de montagne<\/i><\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

*Liens non traduits en fran\u00e7ais <\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bogor, Indon\u00e9sie (20 ao\u00fbt 2013) – Observer comment les comp\u00e9tences de collecte du miel sont transmises d’une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration \u00e0 une autre et comment ces comp\u00e9tences sont conserv\u00e9es, fournit des indications importantes sur la fa\u00e7on dont les gens acqui\u00e8rent et d\u00e9ploient diff\u00e9rents types de connaissances sociales \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents \u00e2ges, d\u00e9montre une recherche. Pour une communaut\u00e9 tribale […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,188,173,95,1072,186,184],"tags":[466],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[989],"class_list":["post-18996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-food-and-diets","category-gender-justice-tenure","category-human-wellbeing","category-landscapes","category-production-forests","category-value-chains-finance","tag-asia","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nL'industrie du miel de for\u00eat des Jenu Kuruba en Inde s'en tient \u00e0 la tradition - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/18996\/lindustrie-du-miel-de-foret-des-jenu-kuruba-en-inde-sen-tient-a-la-tradition\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L'industrie du miel de for\u00eat des Jenu Kuruba en Inde s'en tient \u00e0 la tradition\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bogor, Indon\u00e9sie (20 ao\u00fbt 2013) – Observer comment les comp\u00e9tences de collecte du miel sont transmises d’une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration \u00e0 une autre et comment ces comp\u00e9tences sont conserv\u00e9es, fournit des indications importantes sur la fa\u00e7on dont les gens acqui\u00e8rent et d\u00e9ploient diff\u00e9rents types de connaissances sociales \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents \u00e2ges, d\u00e9montre une recherche. 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