{"id":18985,"date":"2013-09-08T22:12:44","date_gmt":"2013-09-08T15:12:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=18985"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:22:18","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:22:18","slug":"les-terres-degradees-damazonie-suscitent-de-nouvelles-tendances-dans-la-chasse-au-gibier","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/18985\/les-terres-degradees-damazonie-suscitent-de-nouvelles-tendances-dans-la-chasse-au-gibier","title":{"rendered":"Les terres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es d’Amazonie suscitent de nouvelles tendances dans la chasse au gibier"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

\"Estamos<\/a>
Nous assistons \u00e0 un passage de la chasse au grand gibier vers des esp\u00e8ces de petite taille, qui sont de plus en plus abondantes dans les for\u00eats exploit\u00e9es post-concession, selon le chercheur du CIFOR Miguel Pinedo-Vasquez. Cr\u00e9dit photo: CIFOR<\/a>\/Marco Simola<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

SAN JOS\u00c9, Costa Rica (19 ao\u00fbt 2013) \u2013 Les habitudes de chasse sont en train de changer dans l’Amazonie p\u00e9ruvienne, selon un expert en connaissances traditionnelles sur les for\u00eats du Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLa chasse se d\u00e9place de plus en plus des for\u00eats vers des champs en jach\u00e8re, en particulier vers les concessions foresti\u00e8res abandonn\u00e9es\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le scientifique Miguel Pinedo-Vasquez lors de la r\u00e9union annuelle de l’Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation<\/a>*<\/span><\/span> (ATBC).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abNous constatons \u00e9galement un passage de la chasse au grand gibier vers le petit gibier, qui est plus abondant dans les for\u00eats exploit\u00e9es post-concession\u00bb, a-t-il dit.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLa v\u00e9g\u00e9tation des jach\u00e8res fournit de nombreuses ressources alimentaires et des aires de repos pour une reproduction rapide des esp\u00e8ces de petit gibier dans les zones foresti\u00e8res qui sont exempts de jaguars et autres pr\u00e9dateurs\u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 M. Pinedo-Vasquez, le coordinateur scientifique de l’\u00c9tude comparative globale du CIFOR sur la viande de brousse, qui explore comment les communaut\u00e9s durables des for\u00eats tropicales r\u00e9coltent, consomment et vendent de la viande de brousse dans les bassins des fleuves Amazone, Congo et M\u00e9kong. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Au P\u00e9rou, <\/span><\/span>plus de 2 millions d’hectares<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (4,9 millions d’acres) de concessions foresti\u00e8res sont revenus, ou sont en train de revenir au gouvernement.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tandis que les d\u00e9cideurs politiques r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissent \u00e0 une utilisation des for\u00eats post-concessions, les populations locales les utilisent de plus en plus comme terrain de chasse, pour la collecte de r\u00e9sidus de bois et d’autres ressources, dit M. Pinedo-Vasquez.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Souvent consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des \u00abterres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es\u00bb, les for\u00eats exploit\u00e9es post-concession ont rarement \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9es en tant que terrain de chasse.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLes grandes esp\u00e8ces de gibier ont en effet \u00e9t\u00e9 bannies des for\u00eats exploit\u00e9es post-concession, mais ces zones foresti\u00e8res sont devenues les principaux terrains de chasse pour les rongeurs et autres petits gibiers\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Pinedo-Vasquez.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Son \u00e9quipe de recherche a men\u00e9 deux enqu\u00eates pr\u00e9liminaires sur la chasse dans 32 communaut\u00e9s r\u00e9parties dans 8 for\u00eats post-concession \u00e0 Ucayali et Loreto au P\u00e9rou, afin d’identifier les chasseurs, d’enregistrer les syst\u00e8mes de chasse et de cartographier les terrains de chasse.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les enseignants et \u00e9tudiants de <\/span><\/span>l’Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (UNAP) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9s pour enregistrer les esp\u00e8ces, les quantit\u00e9s de r\u00e9colte et les utilisations de la viande sauvage r\u00e9colt\u00e9e dans chaque communaut\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLa quantit\u00e9 de viande de brousse r\u00e9colt\u00e9e par la chasse au petit gibier est assez impressionnante\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Pinedo-Vasquez.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les 380 familles ayant particip\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e9tude ont r\u00e9colt\u00e9 en moyenne 787 kg (1 735 livres) de viande de brousse par mois.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Elles consommaient 57% de cette viande, ce qui signifie que ces for\u00eats jouaient un r\u00f4le d’approvisionnement important parmi les moyens de subsistance de ces populations rurales, a-t-il dit. Les 43% de viande restants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendus.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les chercheurs ont \u00e9galement constat\u00e9 que les habitudes de chasse ont chang\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abMaintenant ce sont les femmes et les enfants qui chassent\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Pinedo-Vasquez.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

FACTEUR F\u00c9MININ<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Contrairement aux hommes qui chassent les grandes esp\u00e8ces de gibier, principalement destin\u00e9es \u00e0 \u00eatre vendues sur les march\u00e9s, les r\u00e9sultats pr\u00e9liminaires indiquent que les femmes et les enfants chassent des esp\u00e8ces de petit gibier dans les for\u00eats exploit\u00e9es, telles que les rongeurs, les oiseaux et les tortues, a dit M. Pinedo-Vasquez.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLa participation des femmes \u00e0 la chasse a non seulement augment\u00e9, mais les femmes sont aussi devenues des actrices principales de la promotion de m\u00e9thodes de chasse durables dans les for\u00eats post-concession\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Pinedo-Vasquez.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLes femmes font des distinctions claires entre les jach\u00e8res g\u00e9r\u00e9es et non g\u00e9r\u00e9es, en d\u00e9limitant des espaces destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la gestion des populations d’animaux sauvages\u00bb, a-t-il dit.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les femmes prot\u00e8gent \u00e9galement les arbres fruitiers et la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation sur les berges des petits et grands cours d’eau, qui sont essentiels aux animaux qu’elles chassent, a-t-il ajout\u00e9. Elles sont aussi en train d’\u00e9tablir davantage de r\u00e8gles, afin de maintenir un approvisionnement durable en viande de brousse dans les jach\u00e8res d\u00e9laiss\u00e9es par les concessionnaires forestiers.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abElles pr\u00e9servent pour la chasse et chassent pour pr\u00e9server\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Pinedo-Vasquez.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mais au lieu d’examiner la chasse uniquement du point de vue de la conservation de la faune sauvage, M. Pinedo-Vasquez <\/span><\/span>ajoute la perspective nutritionnelle<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u2013 en examinant de quelle fa\u00e7on les esp\u00e8ces de petit gibier constituent la principale source de prot\u00e9ines pour les familles rurales.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En Ucayali, 24% des personnes interrog\u00e9es dans les communaut\u00e9s rurales ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu’elles mangeaient la viande de petit gibier, contrairement \u00e0 seulement 8% dans les zones urbaines, comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 par la Municipalit\u00e9 Provinciale d’Ucayali dans la ville de Contamana.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abCeci renforce l’importance de la viande de petits gibiers dans de nombreux r\u00e9gimes alimentaires locaux\u00bb, a-t-il conclu.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur les sujets abord\u00e9s dans ce blog, veuillez contacter Miguel Pinedo-Vasquez sur <\/b><\/span><\/span>m.pinedo-vasquez@cgiar.org<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cette recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre du <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l’agroforesterie<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

*Liens non traduits en fran\u00e7ais <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  SAN JOS\u00c9, Costa Rica (19 ao\u00fbt 2013) \u2013 Les habitudes de chasse sont en train de changer dans l’Amazonie p\u00e9ruvienne, selon un expert en connaissances traditionnelles sur les for\u00eats du Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR). \u00abLa chasse se d\u00e9place de plus en plus des for\u00eats vers des champs en jach\u00e8re, en particulier vers […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":66,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[161,95,1072],"tags":[1224],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[605],"class_list":["post-18985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-deforestation","category-human-wellbeing","category-landscapes","tag-south-america","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes terres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es d'Amazonie suscitent de nouvelles tendances dans la chasse au gibier - 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