{"id":18811,"date":"2013-09-05T06:00:54","date_gmt":"2013-09-04T23:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=18811"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:23:41","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:23:41","slug":"les-petits-exploitants-damazonie-utilisent-le-bois-a-croissance-rapide-pour-completer-leurs-revenus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/18811\/les-petits-exploitants-damazonie-utilisent-le-bois-a-croissance-rapide-pour-completer-leurs-revenus","title":{"rendered":"Les petits exploitants d’Amazonie utilisent le bois \u00e0 croissance rapide pour compl\u00e9ter leurs revenus"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"31\"<\/a>
Les ventes de bois sur des march\u00e9s de niche aident des petits exploitants d’Amazonie \u00e0 augmenter leurs revenus, selon Peter Cronkleton, chercheur du CIFOR. Photo: Peter Cronkleton<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

SAN JOSE, Costa Rica (15 ao\u00fbt 2013) — En Amazonie, les petits paysans vendent le bois d’arbres qui ont pouss\u00e9 sur des champs en jach\u00e8re pour am\u00e9liorer leurs revenus, mais une telle production peut passer inaper\u00e7ue dans les statistiques officielles, souvent parce qu’elle est commercialis\u00e9e par des canaux informels, selon une \u00e9tude.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abBien que ce type de r\u00e9colte de bois ait un impact faible et n’affecte pas la for\u00eat primaire, elle est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement ill\u00e9gale parce que les agriculteurs ne d\u00e9tiennent pas de titres fonciers et de permis forestiers\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Peter Cronkleton, chercheur chevronn\u00e9 au Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M. Cronkleton a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 les conclusions de \u00ab<\/span><\/span>L\u2019adaptation institutionnelle des syst\u00e8mes de gestion du bois des petits exploitants au P\u00e9rou et en Equateur<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00bb au Troisi\u00e8me Congr\u00e8s latino-am\u00e9ricain de <\/span><\/span>l’Union internationale des instituts de recherches foresti\u00e8res<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (IUFRO) \u00e0 San Jos\u00e9, au Costa Rica.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLes lois foresti\u00e8res sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement con\u00e7ues pour une production \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, de sorte que les co\u00fbts de conformit\u00e9 sont trop \u00e9lev\u00e9s pour les petits producteurs\u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 M. Cronkleton. \u00abFaire des inventaires forestiers et des plans d’exploitation annuels d\u00e9passe les moyens des petits agriculteurs, non seulement techniquement, mais aussi financi\u00e8rement.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bien que les petits exploitants, qu\u2019il a interrog\u00e9s dans l’Amazonie p\u00e9ruvienne et \u00e9quatorienne, d\u00e9pendent principalement de l’agriculture, le revenu provenant des produits forestiers est \u00e9galement important et les agriculteurs ont trouv\u00e9 des niches dans les march\u00e9s locaux, a expliqu\u00e9 M. Cronkleton.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

LES B\u00c9N\u00c9FICES POUR LES MOYENS DE SUBSISTANCE<\/b><\/span><\/span>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Quand les producteurs de fruits de la Province de Napo en \u00c9quateur ont besoin de cageots, ils se tournent vers des op\u00e9rateurs de petites scieries. Ceux-ci abordent les communaut\u00e9s indig\u00e8nes <\/span><\/span>Quechuas<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> afin d\u2019obtenir le bois d’un arbre connu localement comme le <\/span><\/span>pig\u00fce<\/span><\/span> (<\/span><\/span>Piptocoma dicolor<\/i><\/span><\/span>) qui pousse dans la for\u00eat secondaire sur leurs petites parcelles de terre, a-t-il dit.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les familles observ\u00e9es dans le cadre de l’\u00e9tude ont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement r\u00e9colt\u00e9 environ 12 m\u00e8tres cubes<\/span><\/span> de bois. \u00c0 un prix moyen de 12$ le m\u00e8tre cube<\/span><\/span>, le revenu des r\u00e9coltants est faible, mais suffisant pour les besoins urgents, tels que les fournitures scolaires au d\u00e9but de l’ann\u00e9e scolaire, a expliqu\u00e9 M. Cronkleton.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cependant, seules les familles \u00e0 1,5 kilom\u00e8tre d’une route ou d\u2019une rivi\u00e8re vendent du bois, parce que le transport du <\/span><\/span>pig\u00fce<\/span><\/span> sur de plus longues distances est trop co\u00fbteux.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e8s de la ville de Pucallpa dans la r\u00e9gion d’Ucayali au P\u00e9rou, les petits exploitants agricoles profitent des arbres de bolaina (<\/span><\/span>Guazuma crinita<\/i><\/span><\/span>) qui poussent le long des rivi\u00e8res et dans les champs laiss\u00e9s en jach\u00e8re pendant six ou sept ans afin de r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer leur fertilit\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le bolaina \u00e0 croissance droite est demand\u00e9 pour le rev\u00eatement des maisons \u00e0 faible revenu. Les producteurs ont pu en tirer des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices en transformant le bois afin d\u2019y ajouter de la valeur. Les agriculteurs peuvent tripler leurs revenus en vendant des planches plut\u00f4t que du bois brut, a dit M. Cronkleton. Le bois est sci\u00e9 dans de petites scieries qui apparaissent dans les zones rurales pour fournir des services aux agriculteurs, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant \u00e9galement des emplois.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ces types de bois, qui se r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e8rent au sein du cycle de jach\u00e8re agricole, font partie d’une <\/span><\/span>\u00abmosa\u00efque\u00bb d\u2019agroforesterie<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> importante pour les moyens de subsistance des petits exploitants, mais ignor\u00e9e dans les politiques de gestion agricole et foresti\u00e8re, a-t-il dit.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abCes producteurs sont souvent bl\u00e2m\u00e9s pour la d\u00e9forestation, mais ils r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e8rent \u00e9galement beaucoup de for\u00eat – ces zones sont des for\u00eats travaillantes\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Cronkleton.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abIl peut exister une expansion initiale de la d\u00e9forestation, mais cela devient alors un cycle de mosa\u00efques de parcelles foresti\u00e8res, de for\u00eats secondaires et de <\/span><\/span>successions<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> de jach\u00e8res \u2013 et ce n\u2019est pas forc\u00e9ment un probl\u00e8me.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cependant, pour les encourager \u00e0 g\u00e9rer et conserver les for\u00eats, les lois doivent permettre aux petits exploitants de participer aux march\u00e9s locaux, leur donner des droits sur les zones bois\u00e9es et leur permettre de vendre du bois l\u00e9galement, a-t-il dit.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Des r\u00e9sultats similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9s dans des <\/span><\/span>\u00e9tudes<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> men\u00e9es en Bolivie.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abSi les petits exploitants ne sont pas expuls\u00e9s par des \u00e9leveurs ou des plantations de palmiers \u00e0 huile, ils peuvent \u00e9tablir des paysages relativement stables o\u00f9 ils sont en mesure d’utiliser des syst\u00e8mes agricoles \u00e0 tr\u00e8s faibles intrants, qui produisent \u00e9galement une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de produits forestiers \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Cronkleton. \u00abDans de bonnes conditions, ceci peut \u00eatre tr\u00e8s durable.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur les sujets abord\u00e9s dans cet article, veuillez contacter Peter Cronkleton \u00e0 p.cronkleton@cgiar.org<\/b><\/span><\/span>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre du <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l’agroforesterie<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

*Liens non traduits en fran\u00e7ais<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

SAN JOSE, Costa Rica (15 ao\u00fbt 2013) — En Amazonie, les petits paysans vendent le bois d’arbres qui ont pouss\u00e9 sur des champs en jach\u00e8re pour am\u00e9liorer leurs revenus, mais une telle production peut passer inaper\u00e7ue dans les statistiques officielles, souvent parce qu’elle est commercialis\u00e9e par des canaux informels, selon une \u00e9tude. \u00abBien que ce […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,95,1072],"tags":[1224],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[831],"class_list":["post-18811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-human-wellbeing","category-landscapes","tag-south-america","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes petits exploitants d'Amazonie utilisent le bois \u00e0 croissance rapide pour compl\u00e9ter leurs revenus - 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