{"id":18701,"date":"2013-08-30T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-08-29T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=18701"},"modified":"2018-02-07T16:41:18","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T09:41:18","slug":"la-migration-urbaine-en-amazonie-nameliore-pas-les-conditions-de-vie-selon-une-etude","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/18701\/la-migration-urbaine-en-amazonie-nameliore-pas-les-conditions-de-vie-selon-une-etude","title":{"rendered":"La migration urbaine en Amazonie n’am\u00e9liore pas les conditions de vie, selon une \u00e9tude"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Melalui<\/a>
Via la recherche, M. Parry a pu d\u00e9terminer que les migrants, ayant quitt\u00e9 leurs maisons rurales \u00e0 la recherche de meilleures opportunit\u00e9s de travail, n’avaient toujours pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 de bons emplois urbains et ont largement \u00e9chou\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9chapper \u00e0 la pauvret\u00e9. CIAT<\/a>\/Neil Palmer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

SAN JOSE, Costa Rica (ao\u00fbt 2013) – La migration des populations rurales vers les villes de l’Amazonie br\u00e9silienne n’aboutit souvent pas \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction esp\u00e9r\u00e9e de la pauvret\u00e9 ou \u00e0 la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9, selon un professeur du<\/span><\/span> Centre pour l’environnement de l’Universit\u00e9 de Lancaster<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les habitants des zones rurales quittent souvent la for\u00eat et migrent vers les villes dans l’espoir d\u2019obtenir une am\u00e9lioration des revenus, a expliqu\u00e9 Luke Parry lors de la <\/span><\/span>r\u00e9union de l’Association de la Biologie et Conservation Tropicale<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (ATBC) de cette ann\u00e9e \u00e0 San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’exode rural pourrait \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme b\u00e9n\u00e9fique pour la biodiversit\u00e9, vu que les zones foresti\u00e8res d\u00e9frich\u00e9es pour l’agriculture pourraient diminuer et il existerait moins de pression sur la faune sauvage. Toutefois, selon M. Parry, les liens positifs avec la migration ne sont pas si simples. Des sc\u00e9narios gagnant-gagnant ne seront pas atteints facilement, du moins dans l’Amazonie br\u00e9silienne.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLes m\u00e9nages ruraux ayant migr\u00e9 vers les villes ne sont pas mieux lotis. La plupart des migrants sont toujours pauvres et sans \u00e9ducation – et ils consomment toujours, m\u00eame beaucoup, la faune sauvage\u00bb, dit M. Parry. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En se basant sur des recherches men\u00e9es pour \u00e9valuer l’impact de la migration rurale vers les zones urbaines dans deux petites villes proche de la <\/span><\/span>rivi\u00e8re Madeira<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> en Amazonie br\u00e9silienne, M. Parry a pu d\u00e9terminer que les migrants ayant quitt\u00e9 leurs maisons rurales \u00e0 la recherche de meilleures opportunit\u00e9s de travail n’avaient toujours pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 de bons emplois urbains et ont largement \u00e9chou\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9chapper \u00e0 la pauvret\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019am\u00e9lioration de l’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’\u00e9ducation a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9e par M. Parry comme l’un des principaux moteurs de la migration vers les zones urbaines. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abIls partent \u00e0 la recherche d’opportunit\u00e9s d’\u00e9ducation\u00bb, dit M. Parry. \u00abLes migrants estiment qu’une meilleure \u00e9ducation ouvrira des portes vers des opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques et un meilleur bien-\u00eatre. Au lieu de cela, m\u00eame si l’acc\u00e8s aux services d’\u00e9ducation est possible, les revenus sont rest\u00e9s bas pour les migrants ruraux en milieu urbain.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’exode des populations rurales n’a pas non plus conduit \u00e0 des am\u00e9liorations en termes de biodiversit\u00e9: pratiquement tous les m\u00e9nages urbains de l’enqu\u00eate de M. Parry ont consomm\u00e9 de la faune sauvage, telle que du poisson, de la viande de brousse, des tortues et des ca\u00efmans.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cette consommation comprenait des esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es. En cons\u00e9quence, le pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement d\u2019esp\u00e8ces sauvages n\u2019a pas diminu\u00e9 comme il s’y attendait. Bien au contraire, les migrants ne perdent pas leur go\u00fbt pour les viandes sauvages quand ils commencent leur nouvelle vie dans les zones urbaines et la demande urbaine en viande de brousse augmente la pression sur la faune sauvage dans les zones rurales.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLe sauvage s\u2019est fait urbaniser. Cela met en \u00e9vidence une crise potentielle de la viande sauvage ou peut alors renforcer la conservation et l’exploitation durable de la viande de brousse en Amazonie.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e9anmoins, les conclusions de M. Parry ne sont pas d\u00e9finitives. Les recherches men\u00e9es par Nathalie Van Vliet, qui \u00e9tait \u00e9galement pr\u00e9sente lors de la r\u00e9union, ont aboutit \u00e0 des r\u00e9sultats contraires dans l’Amazonie colombienne et br\u00e9silienne: quand les personnes d\u00e9m\u00e9nagent dans les villes, malgr\u00e9 leur pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour la viande de brousse, elles abandonnent la consommation de viande de brousse et la remplacent par du poulet, des \u0153ufs et d\u2019autres viandes transform\u00e9es pas ch\u00e8res.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9sultats de M. Parry montrent que, m\u00eame si toutes les populations urbaines amazoniennes ne se d\u00e9tournent pas des aliments traditionnels, elles font l’exp\u00e9rience de la m\u00eame transition nutritionnelle identifi\u00e9e par Mme Van Vliet. La forme de prot\u00e9ines animales la plus fr\u00e9quemment consomm\u00e9e est le poulet et le poisson, dit-il.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9tude de M. Parry, qui portait sur la consommation (oui ou non) des diff\u00e9rentes esp\u00e8ces durant les 12 derniers mois, a identifi\u00e9 la pauvret\u00e9 comme facteur tr\u00e8s important de la chasse et de la p\u00eache. Cependant, alors que les migrants pauvres ont r\u00e9colt\u00e9 des primates menac\u00e9s d\u2019extinction, des oiseaux et des esp\u00e8ces de poissons vuln\u00e9rables, voire tabous, les non-migrants plus riches ont achet\u00e9 des poissons et des tortues menac\u00e9s.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les impacts n\u00e9gatifs de l’exode rural des agriculteurs ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s par des cas au P\u00e9rou et au Mexique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Une <\/span><\/span>\u00e9tude<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> du CIFOR a li\u00e9 l’abandon des zones rurales \u00e0 des incendies plus fr\u00e9quents et plus intenses dans l’Amazonie p\u00e9ruvienne (Uriarte et al. 2012). En outre, des <\/span><\/span>recherches<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> men\u00e9es au Mexique par James Robson et Fikret Berkes ont indiqu\u00e9 que la migration a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la disparition des pratiques traditionnelles de gestion, qui \u00e0 son tour a conduit \u00e0 un d\u00e9clin de la biodiversit\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Selon M. Parry, tout pointe vers \u00ab une temp\u00eate totale: les niveaux de pauvret\u00e9 sont \u00e9lev\u00e9s, de grandes \u00e9tendues de for\u00eats qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abandonn\u00e9es sont maintenant ouvertes \u00e0 la poursuite de la d\u00e9forestation et il existe une demande croissante pour la viande sauvage afin d\u2019alimenter les populations urbaines en augmentation\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur les sujets abord\u00e9s dans cet article, veuillez contacter Nathalie Van Vliet \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>vanvlietnathalie@yahoo.com<\/span><\/span><\/span> ou Miguel Pinedo-Vasquez \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>m.pinedo-vasquez@cgiar.org<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre du <\/span><\/span>Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l’agroforesterie<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

*Liens non traduits en fran\u00e7ais<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

SAN JOSE, Costa Rica (ao\u00fbt 2013) – La migration des populations rurales vers les villes de l’Amazonie br\u00e9silienne n’aboutit souvent pas \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction esp\u00e9r\u00e9e de la pauvret\u00e9 ou \u00e0 la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9, selon un professeur du Centre pour l’environnement de l’Universit\u00e9 de Lancaster*. Les habitants des zones rurales quittent souvent la for\u00eat […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":66,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,173,13,95],"tags":[283],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[605],"class_list":["post-18701","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-gender-justice-tenure","category-governance","category-human-wellbeing","tag-latin-america","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa migration urbaine en Amazonie n'am\u00e9liore pas les conditions de vie, selon une \u00e9tude - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/18701\/la-migration-urbaine-en-amazonie-nameliore-pas-les-conditions-de-vie-selon-une-etude\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La migration urbaine en Amazonie n'am\u00e9liore pas les conditions de vie, selon une \u00e9tude\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"SAN JOSE, Costa Rica (ao\u00fbt 2013) – La migration des populations rurales vers les villes de l’Amazonie br\u00e9silienne n’aboutit souvent pas \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction esp\u00e9r\u00e9e de la pauvret\u00e9 ou \u00e0 la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9, selon un professeur du Centre pour l’environnement de l’Universit\u00e9 de Lancaster*. 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