{"id":18682,"date":"2013-08-26T06:00:41","date_gmt":"2013-08-25T23:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=18682"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:25:07","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:25:07","slug":"les-grands-arbres-jouent-un-role-crucial-dans-le-stockage-de-la-biomasse-des-forets-tropicales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/18682\/les-grands-arbres-jouent-un-role-crucial-dans-le-stockage-de-la-biomasse-des-forets-tropicales","title":{"rendered":"Les grands arbres jouent un r\u00f4le crucial dans le stockage de la biomasse des for\u00eats tropicales"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Para<\/a>
Des scientifiques ont examin\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es sur plus de 190 000 arbres d’au moins 10cm de diam\u00e8tre dans 120 vieilles for\u00eats humides de basse altitude en Am\u00e9rique du Sud, en Afrique et en Asie. Photo: CIFOR<\/a>\/Terry Sunderland<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bogor, Indon\u00e9sie (ao\u00fbt 2013) – Une <\/span><\/span>\u00e9tude \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> a trouv\u00e9 qu’une poign\u00e9e de grands arbres stocke jusqu’\u00e0 la moiti\u00e9 de la biomasse a\u00e9rienne dans les for\u00eats tropicales, ce qui suscite des implications pour la gestion des for\u00eats et l’att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les arbres absorbent en grandissant le carbone de l’atmosph\u00e8re, le stockent dans les feuilles, le tissus ligneux, les racines et la mati\u00e8re organique dans le sol. <\/span><\/span>Ce faisant<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> ils jouent un r\u00f4le essentiel dans la r\u00e9gulation du climat de la Terre et dans l’att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique. Le calcul de la <\/span><\/span>biomasse a\u00e9rienne<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> – qui comprend toute la biomasse vivante ou la mati\u00e8re organique au-dessus du sol, y compris les tiges, les souches, les branches, l’\u00e9corce, les graines et le feuillage – aide les scientifiques \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>mesurer<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> le r\u00f4le des for\u00eats comme puits de carbone dans l’att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e par Ferry Slik, chercheur au Centre de Conservation Int\u00e9grative, au Jardin Botanique Tropical de Xishuangbanna et \u00e0 l’Acad\u00e9mie Chinoise des Sciences. M. Slik, qui a explor\u00e9 auparavant la biomasse a\u00e9rienne des for\u00eats tropicales <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 des niveaux locaux et r\u00e9gionaux<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, a voulu examiner ces questions \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle mondiale. Apr\u00e8s avoir parcouru la litt\u00e9rature pour trouver des scientifiques faisant des inventaires d’arbres, il les a invit\u00e9s \u00e0 se joindre \u00e0 son \u00e9tude.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLa plupart du temps, ils ont r\u00e9agi positivement\u00bb, dit-il. \u00abIls ont per\u00e7u l’avantage de faire partie d’un projet \u00e0 plus grande \u00e9chelle.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Finalement, environ 60 scientifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 impliqu\u00e9s dans l’\u00e9tude, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e r\u00e9cemment dans <\/span><\/span>Global Ecology and Biogeography<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Ils ont examin\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es sur 192 308 arbres, d’au moins 10 cm de diam\u00e8tre, dans 120 vieilles for\u00eats humides de basse altitude en Am\u00e9rique du Sud, en Afrique et en Asie. Les grands arbres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9finis comme ceux mesurant au moins 70 cm de diam\u00e8tre \u00e0 hauteur de poitrine (dhp).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Parmi leurs r\u00e9sultats, les chercheurs ont montr\u00e9 que les arbres de plus grande taille jouent un r\u00f4le plus important dans le stockage de la biomasse qu’on ne le pensait auparavant. \u00abSeulement 3% des for\u00eats sont compos\u00e9es de grands arbres, mais ces arbres stockent jusqu’\u00e0 la moiti\u00e9 de la biomasse\u00bb, affirme M. Slik. \u00abSi seulement quelques-uns de ces grands arbres meurent, il y a imm\u00e9diatement un impact majeur.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ils ont \u00e9galement conclu que les variables climatiques affectent la densit\u00e9 de grands arbres et la biomasse a\u00e9rienne, ce qui signifie que le changement climatique affectera le stockage de la biomasse dans les for\u00eats tropicales. \u00abSi les temp\u00e9ratures continuent d’augmenter – une augmentation de 2 \u00e0 6 degr\u00e9s (Celsius) est pr\u00e9vue au cours du prochain si\u00e8cle – ceci aura probablement une incidence n\u00e9gative sur ces grands arbres\u00bb, explique M. Slik.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9sultats ont des implications dans plusieurs domaines. \u00abMaintenant, nous savons que ces grands arbres sont importants pour la biomasse\u00bb, dit M. Slik. \u00abCependant, nous ne savons pas encore beaucoup de la dynamique de ces arbres – \u00e0 quelle vitesse ils grandissent, quel \u00e2ge ils atteignent – parce que les chercheurs se sont concentr\u00e9s sur des parcelles relativement petites, contenant peu de grands arbres en raison de leur faible densit\u00e9.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Avec les progr\u00e8s dans les techniques de t\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection, il est relativement facile de reconna\u00eetre ces grands arbres et de faire des estimations pr\u00e9cises de la biomasse, dit-il. Les chercheurs devraient commencer \u00e0 se concentrer davantage sur les plus grands arbres dans des parcelles plus grandes, conseille-t-il. Depuis la publication de cette \u00e9tude, M. Slik et ses coll\u00e8gues ont effectivement identifi\u00e9 plus de 3 000 parcelles couvrant 800 000 arbres et 20 000 esp\u00e8ces. Il ajoute que d’autres rapports de recherche seront \u00e0 venir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’importance de ces grands arbres devrait \u00e9galement tirer la sonnette d’alarme pour l’industrie foresti\u00e8re. \u00abL’exploitation foresti\u00e8re se concentre habituellement sur les grands arbres\u00bb, dit M. Slik. \u00abPeut-\u00eatre est-il mieux de se concentrer sur les arbres de taille interm\u00e9diaire. L’exploitation foresti\u00e8re pourrait \u00eatre g\u00e9r\u00e9e d’une mani\u00e8re plus respectueuse de l’environnement.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLa plus grande menace pour ces grands arbres est l’intervention humaine dans les for\u00eats\u00bb, a-t-il ajout\u00e9. \u00abD\u00e8s que les activit\u00e9s d’exploitation foresti\u00e8re ou agricole commencent, ces arbres sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les premiers \u00e0 dispara\u00eetre. Il faut beaucoup de temps avant qu’ils reviennent.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur les sujets abord\u00e9s dans cet article, veuillez contacter Ferry Slik sur<\/b><\/span><\/span>ferryslik@hotmail.com<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> ou Terry Sunderland sur <\/b><\/span><\/span>t.sunderland@cgiar.o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>rg<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e avec l’appui de l’Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz\u00f4nia<\/i><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(INPA), le Traitement Sylvicole pour la R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration des For\u00eats Exploit\u00e9es dans le Kalimantan Oriental (STREK), PlotNet Forest Database (Lopez-Gonzalez et al. 2010) et le R\u00e9seau d’\u00c9valuation et de Surveillance de l’\u00c9cologie Tropicale (TEAM). De plus, de nombreux chercheurs ont partag\u00e9 leurs donn\u00e9es d’inventaire des arbres avec les auteurs. <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

*Liens non traduits en fran\u00e7ais<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bogor, Indon\u00e9sie (ao\u00fbt 2013) – Une \u00e9tude \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle* a trouv\u00e9 qu’une poign\u00e9e de grands arbres stocke jusqu’\u00e0 la moiti\u00e9 de la biomasse a\u00e9rienne dans les for\u00eats tropicales, ce qui suscite des implications pour la gestion des for\u00eats et l’att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique. Les arbres absorbent en grandissant le carbone de l’atmosph\u00e8re, le stockent […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":107,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,1072],"tags":[479],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1141],"class_list":["post-18682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-landscapes","tag-global","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes grands arbres jouent un r\u00f4le crucial dans le stockage de la biomasse des for\u00eats tropicales - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/18682\/les-grands-arbres-jouent-un-role-crucial-dans-le-stockage-de-la-biomasse-des-forets-tropicales\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les grands arbres jouent un r\u00f4le crucial dans le stockage de la biomasse des for\u00eats tropicales\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bogor, Indon\u00e9sie (ao\u00fbt 2013) – Une \u00e9tude \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle* a trouv\u00e9 qu’une poign\u00e9e de grands arbres stocke jusqu’\u00e0 la moiti\u00e9 de la biomasse a\u00e9rienne dans les for\u00eats tropicales, ce qui suscite des implications pour la gestion des for\u00eats et l’att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique. 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