{"id":18545,"date":"2013-08-19T08:00:23","date_gmt":"2013-08-19T01:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=18545"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:46:05","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:46:05","slug":"du-gibier-et-du-poisson-frais-au-poulet-congele-appauvrissement-de-lalimentation-en-amazonie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/18545\/du-gibier-et-du-poisson-frais-au-poulet-congele-appauvrissement-de-lalimentation-en-amazonie","title":{"rendered":"Du gibier et du poisson frais au poulet surgel\u00e9: appauvrissement de l’alimentation en Amazonie"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"La<\/a>
L’importation de poulets congel\u00e9s en provenance du sud du Br\u00e9sil vers l’Amazonie occidentale a une empreinte \u00e9cologique plus n\u00e9faste que l’autorisation des march\u00e9s locaux de viande de brousse. Emilian Robert Vicol<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

SAN JOS\u00c9, Costa Rica (18 juin 2013) _ Lorsque les populations autochtones migrent de leur communaut\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re vers les villes, ils laissent derri\u00e8re eux leur r\u00e9gime alimentaire traditionnel de poisson et de gibier qu’ils \u00e9changent pour du poulet, des \u0153ufs, des saucisses ou de la viande en conserve. Un menu qui fait chuter la diversit\u00e9 nutritionnelle de l’alimentation, selon des sondages r\u00e9alis\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s d’\u00e9coliers en Amazonie occidentale.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le nombre de personnes d\u00e9pendantes du gibier n’est pas \u00e9lev\u00e9, mais c’est une source importante pour la diversit\u00e9 de l’alimentation, selon Nathalie Van Vliet, qui m\u00e8ne une \u00e9tude sur la consommation de gibier ou de \u00abviande de brousse\u00bb pour le CIFOR.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abEn abandonnant les prot\u00e9ines qui proviennent de la nature, les gens sont en train de perdre de la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 nutritionnelle\u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 Mme Van Vliet.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abCette transition est d’autant plus surprenante que les villes de taille moyenne en Amazonie occidentale se situent le long d’une rivi\u00e8re qui contient la plus grande diversit\u00e9 de poissons au monde.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Environ <\/span><\/span>10% des personnes vivant dans des communaut\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res mangent de la viande de brousse au quotidien<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, mais ce chiffre chute quand elles d\u00e9m\u00e9nagent vers les grandes villes. M\u00eame tendance pour le poisson, consomm\u00e9 par 40% des ruraux et seulement 10% de leurs homologues urbains, a expliqu\u00e9 Mme Van Vliet lors d’une pr\u00e9sentation du troisi\u00e8me Congr\u00e8s latino-am\u00e9ricain de l’Union Internationale des Instituts de Recherches Foresti\u00e8res (IUFRO), qui a eu lieu \u00e0 San Jos\u00e9, au Costa Rica, du 12 au 15 juin.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les populations autochtones qui se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9es vers les villes ont rapidement adopt\u00e9 les r\u00e9gimes non autochtones, a expliqu\u00e9 Mme Van Vliet, qui a interrog\u00e9 des \u00e9l\u00e8ves sur les diff\u00e9rentes sortes de prot\u00e9ines qu’ils avaient mang\u00e9 le jour pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Or les changements alimentaires peuvent conduire \u00e0 des probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 plus tard, en particulier parce que les viandes transform\u00e9es ont tendance \u00e0 \u00eatre riches en gras et en sel, et l’augmentation du niveau de leur consommation a \u00e9t\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>li\u00e9e \u00e0 la pr\u00e9valence \u00e9lev\u00e9e de maladies cardiaques et de cancer<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dans la r\u00e9gion recul\u00e9e de l’Amazonie o\u00f9 travaille Mme Van Vliet – autour des villes de Leticia en Colombie et de Tabatinga au Br\u00e9sil, o\u00f9 ces deux pays partagent des fronti\u00e8res, et au P\u00e9rou – les changements sont rapides, car les populations autochtones se d\u00e9placent vers les villes \u00e0 la recherche d’emplois et de meilleures conditions de vie, dit-elle.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abAvec cette migration, viennent des transformations culturelles et des changements dans le r\u00e9gime alimentaire\u00bb, a-t-elle dit. \u00abCeci a des cons\u00e9quences importantes pour la nutrition des populations.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les sources de prot\u00e9ines sauvages sont produites localement, alors que les poulets viennent de loin et sont susceptibles d’avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 produits dans des conditions \u00e9thiques et environnementales plus intensives et plus discutables.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Jusqu’\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent on sait peu sur le r\u00f4le de la viande de brousse pour la nutrition humaine, en particulier dans les zones urbaines. Mme Van Vliet, qui a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 une \u00e9tude comparative publi\u00e9e en 2011 sur la chasse au gibier dans les bassins du Congo et de l’Amazone, a expliqu\u00e9 que la plupart des \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es en Am\u00e9rique latine ont mis l’accent sur les impacts \u00e9cologiques de la chasse, mais qu’il y a eu peu d’int\u00e9r\u00eat pour l’aspects \u00e9conomiques et socioculturels de cette faune en tant que ressource alimentaire. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La vente de viande de brousse est ill\u00e9gale dans la plupart de l’Amazonie en raison des pr\u00e9occupations sur son impact \u00e9cologique, aexpliqu\u00e9-t-elle, mais ceci n’en a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 le commerce.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nathalie Van Vliet esp\u00e8re que ses \u00e9tudes pr\u00e9vues sur l’importance \u00e9conomique de la viande de brousse, ainsi que la disponibilit\u00e9 et l’abondance des proies, suscitera le d\u00e9bat sur d’\u00e9ventuelles r\u00e9formes des r\u00e9glementations sur l’utilisation et la gestion durables de la faune sauvage et vers une reconnaissance d’un commerce qui perdure malgr\u00e9 les lois prohibitives.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abNous voulons \u00e9valuer la durabilit\u00e9 de cette cha\u00eene du march\u00e9,\u00bb dit-elle.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mme Van Vliet soutient que l’importation de poulets congel\u00e9s du sud du Br\u00e9sil vers l’ouest de l’Amazonie a probablement une empreinte \u00e9cologique plus importante que l’autorisation de march\u00e9s locaux de viande de brousse bas\u00e9s sur des syst\u00e8mes de gestion durable.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abNous devons analyser les compromis d’une mani\u00e8re plus holistique\u00bb, dit-elle.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLes sources de prot\u00e9ines sauvages sont produites localement, alors que les poulets viennent de loin et sont susceptibles d’avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 produits dans des conditions \u00e9thiques et environnementales plus intensives et plus discutables.\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur les enjeux abord\u00e9s dans cet article, veuillez contacter Robert Nasi sur <\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span>r.nasi@cgiar.org<\/b><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cette recherche est men\u00e9e dans le cadre du <\/i><\/span><\/span>Programme de Recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l’agroforesterie<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

*Liens non traduits en fran\u00e7ais<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

SAN JOS\u00c9, Costa Rica (18 juin 2013) _ Lorsque les populations autochtones migrent de leur communaut\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re vers les villes, ils laissent derri\u00e8re eux leur r\u00e9gime alimentaire traditionnel de poisson et de gibier qu’ils \u00e9changent pour du poulet, des \u0153ufs, des saucisses ou de la viande en conserve. Un menu qui fait chuter la diversit\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[188,95],"tags":[283],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[831],"class_list":["post-18545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-food-and-diets","category-human-wellbeing","tag-latin-america","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDu gibier et du poisson frais au poulet surgel\u00e9: appauvrissement de l'alimentation en Amazonie - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/18545\/du-gibier-et-du-poisson-frais-au-poulet-congele-appauvrissement-de-lalimentation-en-amazonie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Du gibier et du poisson frais au poulet surgel\u00e9: appauvrissement de l'alimentation en Amazonie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"SAN JOS\u00c9, Costa Rica (18 juin 2013) _ Lorsque les populations autochtones migrent de leur communaut\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re vers les villes, ils laissent derri\u00e8re eux leur r\u00e9gime alimentaire traditionnel de poisson et de gibier qu’ils \u00e9changent pour du poulet, des \u0153ufs, des saucisses ou de la viande en conserve. 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