{"id":18129,"date":"2013-07-27T17:15:59","date_gmt":"2013-07-27T10:15:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=18129"},"modified":"2015-08-24T15:32:15","modified_gmt":"2015-08-24T08:32:15","slug":"gerer-les-ressources-collectivement-paralleles-entre-pays-developpes-et-en-voie-de-developpement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/18129\/gerer-les-ressources-collectivement-paralleles-entre-pays-developpes-et-en-voie-de-developpement","title":{"rendered":"G\u00e9rer les ressources collectivement: parall\u00e8les entre pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et en voie de d\u00e9veloppement"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Le Japon d\u00e9montre qu’il est possible d’\u00eatre une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 efficace sur le plan industriel et orient\u00e9e vers la technologie, tout en g\u00e9rant efficacement les ressources communes. Dave Halberstadt<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (18 juin 2013) _ Un voyage dans les zones rurales du Japon offre quelque chose de diff\u00e9rent – au-del\u00e0 d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 industrielle efficace, orient\u00e9e vers la technologie, avec un penchant pour les accessoires mignons et un amour certain pour le poisson cru. La <\/span><\/span>soci\u00e9t\u00e9 japonaise est plus que les humbles citoyens de l’empereur, elle soutient \u00e9galement des institutions collectives afin de <\/span><\/span>g\u00e9rer des ressources communes<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Organiser la 14<\/span><\/span>\u00e8me<\/span><\/span><\/sup> conf\u00e9rence de l’Association Internationale pour l’\u00c9tude des Biens Communs (IASC) dans la ville de Fujiyoshida au Mont Fuji n’\u00e9tait donc pas un choix si absurde, comme certains auraient pu le penser initialement. <\/span><\/span>L’\u00e9tude des biens communs<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>, initi\u00e9e par Elinor Ostrom, politologue et laur\u00e9at du prix Nobel, a \u00e9t\u00e9 appr\u00e9ci\u00e9e car pour avoir remis en cause le caract\u00e8re in\u00e9luctable de la \u00ab <\/span><\/span>trag\u00e9die des biens communs<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u00bb et soulign\u00e9 le r\u00f4le des communaut\u00e9s locales \u00e0 \u00e9laborer des solutions plus efficaces et durables aux actions collectives que les secteurs public et priv\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C’est la premi\u00e8re fois que des peuples locaux planifiaient et accueillaient l’IASC pour une conf\u00e9rence sur <\/span><\/span><\/span>leurs terres communes. Pour les chercheurs comme nous qui se pr\u00e9occupent principalement des biens communs dans les pays pauvres, les multiples s\u00e9ances pl\u00e9ni\u00e8res ax\u00e9es sur les biens communs du Japon ainsi qu’une excursion vers ces biens en question nous ont permis d’identifier des chevauchements et des diff\u00e9rences les biens communs des pays \u00ab d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s \u00bb et \u00ab en voie de d\u00e9veloppement \u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00eame au Japon, nous avons appris que les motivations \u00e0 g\u00e9rer <\/span><\/span>les biens communs restent profond\u00e9ment ancr\u00e9es dans le tissu social et culturel des peuples<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. Les biens communs ne sont pas seulement des ressources exploit\u00e9es par les populations, ils peuvent \u00e9galement symboliser une histoire partag\u00e9e et des souvenirs, des liens de parent\u00e9, des sentiments d’appartenance et d’affiliation religieuse. Mais contrairement \u00e0 la foresterie communautaire au N\u00e9pal – o\u00f9 <\/span><\/span>les \u00e9tudes du CIFOR<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 depuis longtemps que les personnes pauvres ayant un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux terres et arbres priv\u00e9s sont particuli\u00e8rement d\u00e9pendantes des for\u00eats communautaires – les biens communs au Japon ne semblent pas \u00eatre m\u00eal\u00e9s de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re avec les besoins vitaux des peuples.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Les peuples au Japon s’engagent activement dans les d\u00e9bats mondiaux sur le changement climatique et voient leur r\u00f4le dans la conservation de leurs biens communs comme une contribution \u00e0 la r\u00e9solution de ces probl\u00e8mes au niveau mondial.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ces comparaisons nous am\u00e8nent \u00e0 nous interroger sur nos propres hypoth\u00e8ses, profond\u00e9ment enracin\u00e9es, sur les raisons pour lesquelles<\/span><\/span> les personnes g\u00e8rent des ressources collectivement. Il ne s’agit pas seulement de consommer directement les ressources qui d\u00e9coulent des biens communs, mais aussi de valoriser l’importance des ressources communes pour le bien mondial. Les peuples au Japon s’engagent activement dans les d\u00e9bats mondiaux sur le changement climatique et voient leur r\u00f4le dans la conservation de leurs biens communs comme une contribution \u00e0 la r\u00e9solution de ces probl\u00e8mes au niveau mondial. En ce sens, le d\u00e9calage entre les processus locaux et mondiaux et les compr\u00e9hensions qui sont <\/span><\/span>souvent rapport\u00e9es dans la litt\u00e9rature sur les biens communs des pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> ne semble plus \u00eatre si pertinent.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le Japon nous a aussi montr\u00e9 que la relation entre le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique et l’action collective pour les biens communs n’est pas toujours n\u00e9gative – un niveau de vie plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 ne conduit pas n\u00e9cessairement \u00e0 une plus grande privatisation, individualisation, \u00e0 l’abandon et \u00e0 la disparition des biens communs. Dans la pr\u00e9fecture de Yamanashi, par exemple, les personnes utilisent les revenus qu’ils tirent de la location des terres communales \u00e0 l’arm\u00e9e afin d’investir dans une meilleure conservation de leurs biens communs et pour de plaider pour la reconnaissance de leurs terres communes en tant que Site du Patrimoine Mondial.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Au cours de sa croissance et de son d\u00e9veloppement, l’Asie risque de faire face \u00e0 la pollution et \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis environnementaux et \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques. Alors qu’il est clair que l’importance des biens communs pour la subsistance des populations a diminu\u00e9 avec l’\u00e9volution des modes de vie, l’exp\u00e9rience du Japon montre qu’il est possible d’avoir une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 efficace sur le plan industriel et technologique, tout en g\u00e9rant efficacement les ressources communes.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur les enjeux abord\u00e9s dans cet article, veuillez contacter <\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span>Bimbika Basnett<\/b><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> et <\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span>Maria Ojanen<\/b><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (18 juin 2013) _ Un voyage dans les zones rurales du Japon offre quelque chose de diff\u00e9rent – au-del\u00e0 d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 industrielle efficace, orient\u00e9e vers la technologie, avec un penchant pour les accessoires mignons et un amour certain pour le poisson cru. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 japonaise est plus que les humbles citoyens de l’empereur, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":103,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[182,137,13,95],"tags":[466],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2999],"coauthors":[1099,1100],"class_list":["post-18129","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-community-forestry","category-forest-management-restoration","category-governance","category-human-wellbeing","tag-asia","language-francais","type-francais-analyses"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nG\u00e9rer les ressources collectivement: parall\u00e8les entre pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et en voie de d\u00e9veloppement - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/18129\/gerer-les-ressources-collectivement-paralleles-entre-pays-developpes-et-en-voie-de-developpement\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"G\u00e9rer les ressources collectivement: parall\u00e8les entre pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et en voie de d\u00e9veloppement\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (18 juin 2013) _ Un voyage dans les zones rurales du Japon offre quelque chose de diff\u00e9rent – au-del\u00e0 d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 industrielle efficace, orient\u00e9e vers la technologie, avec un penchant pour les accessoires mignons et un amour certain pour le poisson cru. 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