{"id":17622,"date":"2013-07-08T10:00:10","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T03:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=17622"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:16:17","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:16:17","slug":"la-verification-des-emissions-redd-pourrait-conduire-a-un-financement-de-laide-base-sur-les-resultats","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/17622\/la-verification-des-emissions-redd-pourrait-conduire-a-un-financement-de-laide-base-sur-les-resultats","title":{"rendered":"La v\u00e9rification des \u00e9missions REDD+ pourrait conduire \u00e0 un financement de l’aide bas\u00e9 sur les r\u00e9sultats"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Debat<\/a>
Les principales pierres d’achoppement dans les n\u00e9gociations sur le changement climatique ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les d\u00e9bats sur la mani\u00e8re de financer REDD+ et de mesurer, rapporter et v\u00e9rifier les \u00e9missions carbone.\u00a0CIFOR<\/a>\/Kate Evans<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bonn, Allemagne (20 juin 2013) \u2013 Selon un nouveau rapport, des inqui\u00e9tudes au sein des pays en d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 propos de la \u201cconditionnalit\u00e9 des aides\u201d – les versements effectifs de l’aide au d\u00e9veloppement seraient conditionn\u00e9s \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de gas \u00e0 effet de serre \u2013 bloquent<\/span> les n\u00e9gociations internationales sur le climat.<\/p>\n

Une \u00e9valuation de l’efficacit\u00e9 du programme REDD+ devrait \u00eatre mise en place pour v\u00e9rifier les r\u00e9ductions d’\u00e9mission au niveau national, afin que les objectifs soient transparents et mesurables, \u00e9crit dans un article r\u00e9cent intitul\u00e9 \u201cPrincipaux probl\u00e8mes dans la v\u00e9rification REDD+<\/a>\u201d Michael Dutschker, le directeur de Biocarbon consult<\/a>, un r\u00e9seau international pour la gestion des paysages, le climat et la bidiversit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u201cLa plus grande partie du travail technique \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser pour la surveillance des for\u00eats et le compte-rendu des \u00e9missions est mis en danger par les d\u00e9saccords li\u00e9s \u00e0 la fiabilit\u00e9 des finances pour les pays du REDD+ et \u00e0 la v\u00e9rification \u2013 probl\u00e8mes intrins\u00e8quement li\u00e9s\u201d dit-il.<\/p>\n

Les principales pierres d’achoppement dans les n\u00e9gociations sur le changement climatique ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les d\u00e9bats sur la mani\u00e8re de financer REDD+ et de mesurer, rapporter et v\u00e9rifier (MRV) les \u00e9missions carbone.<\/p>\n

En 2007, le but initial \u00e9tait de financer le programme REDD+ depuis le syst\u00e8me d’\u00e9change de droits d’\u00e9mission de carbone<\/a>. Mais compte tenu de la faible demande sur les march\u00e9s carbone, la plupart des fonds pour ce programme, qui en est encore \u00e0 ses d\u00e9buts, provient des budgets de l’aide au d\u00e9veloppement. Cela lie l’aide au d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s bas\u00e9es sur les r\u00e9sultats, qui doivent faire la preuve de l’accomplissement d’am\u00e9liorations mesurables, ajoute M. Dutschke.<\/p>\n

Rappelant aux n\u00e9gociateurs des pays destinataires la conditionnalit\u00e9 de l’aide, qui revient souvent \u00e0 associer son octroi \u00e0 l’achat de biens et services aux pays donateurs, la v\u00e9rification est devenue un obstacle au processus de n\u00e9gociation, pr\u00e9cise-t-il.<\/p>\n

De nouvaux obstacles au fnancement de REDD+ vont surgir si aucune mesures de v\u00e9rification r\u00e9gul\u00e9es ne sont mises en place, ce qui limitera la possibilit\u00e9 d’un financement \u00e0 long-terme de l’aide pour les pays en d\u00e9veloppement, selon cette recherche.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradation de la for\u00eat \u2013 surtout caus\u00e9es par l’expansion agricole, la conversion des for\u00eats en p\u00e2turages, le d\u00e9veloppements des infrastructures et les incendies – sont responsables de 10 \u00e0 15 pourcent<\/a> de l’ensemble des \u00e9missions de GES. C’est le deuxi\u00e8me secteur \u00e9metteur au monde, apr\u00e8s l’\u00e9nergie et juste avant les transports.<\/p>\n

Les march\u00e9s de carbone sont sens\u00e9s ouvrir la porte aux investissements nets dans la r\u00e9ductions des \u00e9missions dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement. Toutefois, la majeure partie des 17,2 milliards de dollars<\/a> de financement promis pour les projets de protection des for\u00eats existantes a \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9e aux pays en d\u00e9veloppement au travers de l’aide.<\/p>\n

Pour M. Dutschke, les fonds sont sens\u00e9s cr\u00e9er et supporter les strat\u00e9gies pour les efforts de r\u00e9duction du changement climatique du REDD+, bas\u00e9es sur les causes nationales de d\u00e9forestation.<\/p>\n

D’apr\u00e8s la Convention-cadre des Nations unies<\/a> sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC), les pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s publient les rapports sur les \u00e9missions atmosph\u00e9riques et les reculs issus des activit\u00e9s li\u00e9es \u00e0 l’exploitation des terres et \u00e0 la foresterie.<\/p>\n

Dans leur propres int\u00e9r\u00eat, selon Dutschke, les pays en d\u00e9veloppement devraient chercher \u00e0 rejoindre un syst\u00e8me de contr\u00f4le des \u00e9missions et de la d\u00e9forestation de type MRV.<\/p>\n

Le financement bilat\u00e9ral et m\u00eame multilat\u00e9ral du REDD+ est soumis \u00e0 des accords juridiques entre les parties qui incluent la plupart du temps les proc\u00e9dures MRV. Alors que le financement international sous la CCNUCC sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par un m\u00e9canisme international contraignant.<\/p>\n

Sans accord sur la v\u00e9rification et d’autres principes comptables solides, le financement du REDD+ risque de se fragmenter de plus en plus.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur les questions soulev\u00e9es par cet article, veuillez contacter Michael Dutschke par email sur michael@biocarbon.net<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

Cette recherche fait partie de l\u2019Etude Comparative Mondiale sur le REDD+<\/a>, inclue dans le programme de recherche CGIAR sur la For\u00eat, les Arbres et l\u2019Agroforeterie<\/a>. <\/i><\/strong>Elle est support\u00e9e par l\u2019Agence Norv\u00e9gienne pour la Coop\u00e9ration au D\u00e9veloppement, AusAid, le D\u00e9partement du D\u00e9veloppement International du Royaume-Uni (DFID) et la Commission Europ\u00e9enne.<\/i><\/strong> <\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bonn, Allemagne (20 juin 2013) \u2013 Selon un nouveau rapport, des inqui\u00e9tudes au sein des pays en d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 propos de la \u201cconditionnalit\u00e9 des aides\u201d – les versements effectifs de l’aide au d\u00e9veloppement seraient conditionn\u00e9s \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de gas \u00e0 effet de serre \u2013 bloquent les n\u00e9gociations internationales sur le climat. Une […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,180,151,184],"tags":[479],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[989],"class_list":["post-17622","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-mitigating-climate-change","category-redd-2","category-value-chains-finance","tag-global","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa v\u00e9rification des \u00e9missions REDD+ pourrait conduire \u00e0 un financement de l'aide bas\u00e9 sur les r\u00e9sultats - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/17622\/la-verification-des-emissions-redd-pourrait-conduire-a-un-financement-de-laide-base-sur-les-resultats\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La v\u00e9rification des \u00e9missions REDD+ pourrait conduire \u00e0 un financement de l'aide bas\u00e9 sur les r\u00e9sultats\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bonn, Allemagne (20 juin 2013) \u2013 Selon un nouveau rapport, des inqui\u00e9tudes au sein des pays en d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 propos de la \u201cconditionnalit\u00e9 des aides\u201d – les versements effectifs de l’aide au d\u00e9veloppement seraient conditionn\u00e9s \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de gas \u00e0 effet de serre \u2013 bloquent les n\u00e9gociations internationales sur le climat. 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