{"id":17377,"date":"2013-06-21T16:56:02","date_gmt":"2013-06-21T09:56:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=17377"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:43:52","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:43:52","slug":"extinction-invisible-des-ressources-genetiques-forestieres-les-arbres-peuvent-ils-survivre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/17377\/extinction-invisible-des-ressources-genetiques-forestieres-les-arbres-peuvent-ils-survivre","title":{"rendered":"Extinction invisible des ressources g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques foresti\u00e8res: les arbres peuvent-ils survivre?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Para<\/a>
Les scientifiques peuvent cr\u00e9er des arbres avec plusieurs des caract\u00e9ristiques n\u00e9cessaires pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins futurs telles que la r\u00e9silience au changement climatique, un bois de haute qualit\u00e9 ou des fruits plus nutritifs. Ollivier Girard\/CIFOR<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

YAOUNDE, Cameroun (29 Mai 2013)_ Les arbres sont les \u00eatres les plus anciens et les plus grands dans le monde, vivant durant des centaines, voire des milliers d’ann\u00e9es. Mais le secret de leur long\u00e9vit\u00e9 – leur diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique – est menac\u00e9, disent les experts.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Les arbres sont g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement tr\u00e8s diversifi\u00e9s \u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 Laura Snook de <\/span><\/span>Bioversity International<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> dans son expos\u00e9 lors de la conf\u00e9rence du CIFOR sur <\/span><\/span>la gestion durable des for\u00eats en Afrique centrale<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9. \u00ab Ils contiennent non seulement les traits pour survivre \u00e0 l’\u00e9preuve du temps, mais aussi les graines pour la production de la prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d’arbres \u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Mais leurs ressources g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques font l’objet d’une extinction invisible \u00bb, a-t-elle averti.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Selon les calculs de Mme Snook, le nombre total d’arbres enlev\u00e9s dans le bassin du Congo chaque ann\u00e9e par les secteurs formel et informel s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 4 millions. Les r\u00e9coltes intenses ont laiss\u00e9 quelques esp\u00e8ces tr\u00e8s vuln\u00e9rables, voire en voie de disparition, selon <\/span><\/span>l’Union internationale pour la conservation de la Liste rouge des Esp\u00e8ces Menac\u00e9es de la Nature<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mais regarder le statut des esp\u00e8ces n’est qu’une partie de l’\u00e9quation, a ajout\u00e9 Mme Snook.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Les esp\u00e8ces se constituent de populations vivant dans des zones diff\u00e9rentes, avec des caract\u00e9ristiques diff\u00e9rentes \u00bb, a-t-elle dit.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Donc, m\u00eame si une esp\u00e8ce n’est pas en danger, l’\u00e9tat des populations et leurs caract\u00e9ristiques g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques sont plus inqui\u00e9tants. \u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique fournit <\/span><\/span>la r\u00e9serve des caract\u00e9ristiques permettant aux arbres et autres organismes de s’adapter<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> au fil du temps \u00e0 l’\u00e9volution des menaces et des conditions. Elle est \u00e9galement utilis\u00e9e pour s\u00e9lectionner des individus pour leurs caract\u00e9ristiques d\u00e9sir\u00e9es, telles que le bois de haute qualit\u00e9 ou un fruit plus sucr\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab La diversit\u00e9 permet la s\u00e9lection et l’am\u00e9lioration \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Mme Snook.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous pouvons cr\u00e9er des arbres futures ayant davantage de caract\u00e9ristiques que nous recherchons. Mais la plupart des arbres n’ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s, ce qui laisse beaucoup de potentiel inexploit\u00e9 \u00bb. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les pr\u00e9visions du changement climatique pour l’Afrique<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> indiquent des augmentations importantes des s\u00e9cheresses d\u2019ici 2099 – une date qui est largement dans la dur\u00e9e de vie de beaucoup d’arbres et de leurs semences, m\u00eame si la plupart des d\u00e9cideurs politiques et des chercheurs seront partis depuis longtemps d’ici l\u00e0.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous avons besoin de comprendre le niveau de tol\u00e9rance des arbres – quelles esp\u00e8ces ont les traits pour survivre au changement climatique \u00bb, a-t-elle dit.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous devrions recueillir leurs semences et les \u00e9changer \u00e0 travers des fronti\u00e8res afin qu’elles soient accessibles aux pays qui peuvent s’attendre \u00e0 devenir de plus en plus sec \u00e0 l’avenir. \u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’Alimentation et l’Agriculture va bient\u00f4t sortir son premier rapport sur <\/span><\/span>l’\u00e9tat des ressources g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques foresti\u00e8res dans le monde<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. Le maintien des sources de semences ayant des caract\u00e9ristiques diff\u00e9rentes est l’une de ses 27 recommandations d’action.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Les for\u00eats sont une ressource renouvelable et elles vont continuer \u00e0 produire des biens et services tant qu’elles sont renouvel\u00e9es \u00bb, a conclu Mme Snook. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Cela veut dire de remplacer les arbres gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une bonne gestion maintenant, afin d’assurer que nous disposons des ressources g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques pour pouvoir les remplacer demain. \u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d\u2019informations sur les questions discut\u00e9es dans cet article, veuillez contacter<\/b><\/i> <\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span>Manuel Guariguata<\/b><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

YAOUNDE, Cameroun (29 Mai 2013)_ Les arbres sont les \u00eatres les plus anciens et les plus grands dans le monde, vivant durant des centaines, voire des milliers d’ann\u00e9es. Mais le secret de leur long\u00e9vit\u00e9 – leur diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique – est menac\u00e9, disent les experts. \u00ab Les arbres sont g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement tr\u00e8s diversifi\u00e9s \u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 Laura […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[137],"tags":[1057],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1047],"class_list":["post-17377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-forest-management-restoration","tag-africa-central","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nExtinction invisible des ressources g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques foresti\u00e8res: les arbres peuvent-ils survivre? - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/17377\/extinction-invisible-des-ressources-genetiques-forestieres-les-arbres-peuvent-ils-survivre\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Extinction invisible des ressources g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques foresti\u00e8res: les arbres peuvent-ils survivre?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"YAOUNDE, Cameroun (29 Mai 2013)_ Les arbres sont les \u00eatres les plus anciens et les plus grands dans le monde, vivant durant des centaines, voire des milliers d’ann\u00e9es. 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