{"id":16773,"date":"2013-06-05T13:21:44","date_gmt":"2013-06-05T06:21:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=16773"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:22:19","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:22:19","slug":"les-scientifiques-cherchent-a-identifier-le-role-des-forets-dans-la-lutte-contre-la-faim-cachee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/16773\/les-scientifiques-cherchent-a-identifier-le-role-des-forets-dans-la-lutte-contre-la-faim-cachee","title":{"rendered":"Les scientifiques cherchent \u00e0 identifier le r\u00f4le des for\u00eats dans la lutte contre la \u00abfaim cach\u00e9e\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Datos<\/a>
Les donn\u00e9es de l’ONU indiquent que la population mondiale passera de 7 milliards \u00e0 plus de 9 milliards d\u2019ici 2050, tout en augmentant les taux d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9lev\u00e9s de d\u00e9forestation dans les r\u00e9gions tropicales et en exacerbant les menaces pour la sant\u00e9. CIFOR \/ Olivier Girard<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

ROME, Italie (13 mai 2013) \u2013 L’id\u00e9e que l’augmentation de la production agricole serait la strat\u00e9gie la plus adapt\u00e9e afin d\u2019obtenir une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire mondiale risque en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 permettre aux terres agricoles d\u2019empi\u00e9ter sur des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes pr\u00e9cieux, avoir un impact d\u00e9sastreux sur les for\u00eats et ne pas r\u00e9soudre la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et les probl\u00e8mes de nutrition, disent les scientifiques.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Davantage de recherches sont n\u00e9cessaires pour comprendre l’impact qu’ont les for\u00eats et les syst\u00e8mes agricoles bas\u00e9s sur des cultures arboricoles sur les besoins alimentaires et nutritionnels d\u2019au moins <\/span><\/span><\/span>1 milliard de personnes<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> dont les moyens de subsistance sont directement li\u00e9s aux for\u00eats, selon des scientifiques dans un document de travail publi\u00e9 \u00e0 la vieille de la <\/span><\/span><\/span>Conf\u00e9rence internationale sur les for\u00eats pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et la nutrition<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> organis\u00e9e par l\u2019ONU pour l’Alimentation et l’Agriculture (FAO) \u00e0 Rome.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Une augmentation effr\u00e9n\u00e9e de la production agricole, alors que la population mondiale augmente, pourrait empi\u00e9ter sur les sources alimentaires nutritives trouv\u00e9es dans les for\u00eats \u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 Terry Sunderland, chercheur au Centre pour la recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale (CIFOR) et l’un des auteurs <\/span><\/span><\/span>d’un nouveau rapport sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, la nutrition et le r\u00f4le des for\u00eats<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Il ne s’agit pas de production, il s\u2019agit d’\u00e9quit\u00e9, de distribution, de pouvoir d’achat et de g\u00e2chis alimentaires \u00bb, a t-il dit, en citant un rapport de <\/span><\/span><\/span>Randy Stringer<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>, professeur \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 d’Ad\u00e9la\u00efde, qui a eu un impact durable quand il a <\/span><\/span><\/span>soutenu<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> en 2000 que le monde doit produire de la nourriture ad\u00e9quate pour tous.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les donn\u00e9es de l’ONU indiquent que la population mondiale <\/span><\/span>augmentera<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> de 7 milliards \u00e0 plus de 9 milliards en 2050, tout en augmentant les taux d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9lev\u00e9s de d\u00e9forestation dans les r\u00e9gions tropicales et en exacerbant les menaces pour la sant\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En 2012, les agences alimentaires des Nations Unies ont estim\u00e9 qu’au moins <\/span><\/span><\/span>870 millions<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> de personnes souffraient de faim – un nombre revu \u00e0 la baisse par rapport aux ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes – et que plus de <\/span><\/span><\/span>2 milliards<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> souffraient de carences en micronutriments, ou de \u00ab faim cach\u00e9e \u00bb. Au moins <\/span><\/span><\/span>1,4 milliard<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> de personnes sont ob\u00e8ses, en surpoids, beaucoup souffrant de maladies li\u00e9es non transmissibles telles que le diab\u00e8te et les probl\u00e8mes cardiaques.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

LES ALIMENTS ISSUS DES FOR\u00caTS<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les aliments issus des for\u00eats, y compris des oiseaux sauvages, des rongeurs et des animaux plus grands, ainsi que des feuilles, tiges, fruits, champignons et noix, sont une source de micronutriments pour de nombreuses communaut\u00e9s rurales.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Des preuves \u00e9mergentes en Afrique indiquent que les personnes vivant dans les zones \u00e0 couvert arboricole important mangent plus de fruits et de l\u00e9gumes, selon les recherches du CIFOR. Les communaut\u00e9s d\u00e9pendent \u00e9galement des for\u00eats pour se nourrir en p\u00e9riode de faible production des syst\u00e8mes agricoles, a dit Mr Sunderland.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La consommation des aliments forestiers riches en fer tels que les l\u00e9gumes et la viande de brousse pourrait aider \u00e0 combattre la carence en fer, affectant <\/span><\/span><\/span>2 milliards<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> de personnes, selon les donn\u00e9es de l’Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9 (OMS), et qui peut nuire \u00e0 la croissance et le d\u00e9veloppement cognitif, ce qui affecte n\u00e9gativement les performances scolaires et la productivit\u00e9 au travail.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Beaucoup de fruits et de l\u00e9gumes provenant des for\u00eats et jach\u00e8res sont riches en vitamine A et en calcium, aidant ainsi \u00e0 lutter contre la carence en vitamine A, qui rend selon l’<\/span><\/span><\/span>OMS<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> environ 250.000 \u00e0 500.000 enfants chaque ann\u00e9e aveugles, la moiti\u00e9 d’entre eux mourant dans les 12 mois suivant la perte de leur vue.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Par l\u2019utilisation de syst\u00e8mes naturels, m\u00eame les personnes vivant dans la pauvret\u00e9 peuvent avoir de bons r\u00e9gimes alimentaires \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Mr Sunderland, en citant une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente men\u00e9e par des chercheurs du CIFOR qui indique que les aliments sauvages provenant d’une ferme foresti\u00e8re en Tanzanie ont contribu\u00e9 pour 31 pour cent de la vitamine A, 26 pour cent du fer et 23 pour cent du calcium pr\u00e9sents dans les r\u00e9gimes alimentaires locaux.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous supposons toujours que les pauvres ont des r\u00e9gimes alimentaires terribles, mais la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 est que vous n’avez pas besoin d’\u00eatre riche pour avoir une bonne alimentation et un mode de vie sain. \u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019EMPI\u00c9TEMENT AGRICOLE<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Une augmentation de 100 \u00e0 110 pour cent de la demande mondiale en r\u00e9coltes de 2005 \u00e0 2050 entra\u00eenerait la conversion d’environ 1 milliard d’hectares (2,5 milliards d’acres) de terres pour l\u2019usage agricole, selon un <\/span><\/span><\/span>rapport<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> de 2011.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’essentiel de cette expansion agricole est estim\u00e9 de se faire au d\u00e9triment des for\u00eats et d\u2019autres zones bois\u00e9es, en partie \u00e0 cause d’un <\/span><\/span><\/span>point de vue<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> dominant que l’augmentation de la production alimentaire doit \u00eatre poursuivie ind\u00e9pendamment du co\u00fbt pour l’environnement naturel. Cette approche omet des d\u00e9fauts dans le syst\u00e8me d’approvisionnement alimentaire existant, notamment \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de la consommation, du gaspillage, des pertes post-r\u00e9colte et de la distribution in\u00e9gale.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Il n’y a pas de solution en noir et blanc \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Mr Sunderland.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous avons un certain nombre d’outils qui peuvent contribuer \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire mondiale \u2013 l\u2019int\u00e9gration des for\u00eats et des arbres dans l’agriculture est l’un d’entre eux. Les arbres et les for\u00eats jouent un r\u00f4le important dans le soutient de l’agriculture. \u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

D’autres recherches aideront les scientifiques \u00e0 mieux comprendre comment les for\u00eats peuvent contribuer \u00e0 un avenir de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et de sensibilit\u00e9 vis-\u00e0-vis de la nutrition. C\u2019est un projet vital pour minimiser les compromis entre la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 et l’agriculture durable, a t-il ajout\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce travail s\u2019inscrit dans le cadre du <\/i><\/span><\/span>Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l\u2019agroforesterie<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ROME, Italie (13 mai 2013) \u2013 L’id\u00e9e que l’augmentation de la production agricole serait la strat\u00e9gie la plus adapt\u00e9e afin d\u2019obtenir une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire mondiale risque en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 permettre aux terres agricoles d\u2019empi\u00e9ter sur des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes pr\u00e9cieux, avoir un impact d\u00e9sastreux sur les for\u00eats et ne pas r\u00e9soudre la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et les probl\u00e8mes de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[188,95],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[989],"class_list":["post-16773","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-food-and-diets","category-human-wellbeing","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes scientifiques cherchent \u00e0 identifier le r\u00f4le des for\u00eats dans la lutte contre la \u00abfaim cach\u00e9e\u00bb - 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