{"id":16603,"date":"2013-05-30T12:38:44","date_gmt":"2013-05-30T05:38:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=16603"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:51:31","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:51:31","slug":"a-la-recherche-de-securite-alimentaire-dans-les-forets-dafrique-centrale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/16603\/a-la-recherche-de-securite-alimentaire-dans-les-forets-dafrique-centrale","title":{"rendered":"A la recherche de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire dans les for\u00eats d’Afrique Centrale"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Forests<\/a>
Les for\u00eats ont longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 une source d’alimentation cruciale pour les habitants d’Afrique Centrale.\u00a0Ollivier Girard\/CIFOR<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

De plus en plus de for\u00eats d’Afrique Centrale sont d\u00e9truites pour faire place \u00e0 des denr\u00e9es de base, riches en calories et pauvres en nutriments, et \u00e0 des r\u00e9coltes lucratives comme le ma\u00efs ou le manioc. Mais il semble que la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et nutritionnelle en Afrique Centrale pourrait revenir \u00e0 ses racines: les for\u00eats. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les for\u00eats ont longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 une source cruciale d’aliments nutritifs pour les habitants d’Afrique Centrale, mais l’urbanisation, la pression agricole et l’int\u00e9gration de la r\u00e9gion dans le march\u00e9 \u00e9conomique mondial en a men\u00e9 beaucoup loin des modes de vie des d\u00e9cennies pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Essimi Menye, le Ministre camerounais de l’Agriculture et du D\u00e9veloppement Rural, se rappelle cependant le temps o\u00f9 les for\u00eats du Cameroun \u00e9taient une question de survie pour sa famille. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Chaque mois de mai, les cultures familiales \u00e9taient en fleur mais il n’y avait encore rien \u00e0 r\u00e9colter et peu \u00e0 manger. Alors on avait recours aux for\u00eats locales. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cC’est l\u00e0 qu’on trouvait de la nourriture (fruit, viande…) nous vivions de la chasse de petits animaux, m\u00eame des insectes\u201d, explique-t-il depuis la conf\u00e9rence strat\u00e9gique de deux jours <\/span><\/span>La gestion durable des for\u00eats d’Afrique centrale: hier, aujourd’hui et demain<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMais aujourd’hui, nous n’avons plus ces p\u00e9riodes de carence\u201d, ajoute Menye. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMaintenant nous avons le bl\u00e9.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Comme dans de nombreux pays en d\u00e9veloppement, l’accent mis sur l’accroissement de la production de cultures riches en calories, comme le bl\u00e9 ou le riz, <\/span><\/span>a souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 au d\u00e9pend des for\u00eats<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>*. De plus, atteindre la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et nutritionnelle requiert plus qu’une simple augmentation de la production des denr\u00e9es de base. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00e9cemment, les chercheurs du <\/span><\/span>CIFOR<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>* et d’ailleurs ont commenc\u00e9 a adopter un regards plus holistique sur le r\u00f4le que jouent les for\u00eats, en tant qu’\u00e9l\u00e9ment d’un paysage plus vaste, qui apporte des aliments nutritifs aux ruraux. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mangez vos l\u00e9gumes<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La d\u00e9ficience de nutriments tourmente l’Afrique et cause \u201cla faim invisible\u201d, m\u00eame quand il y a assez de nourriture \u00e0 manger. Pr\u00e8s de <\/span><\/span>30% des habitants de l’Afrique ont une d\u00e9ficience en vitamine A<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>, selon l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture (FAO). Le taux d’an\u00e9mie parmi les enfants du continent est scandaleusement \u00e9lev\u00e9, \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>68%<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>. Ce qu’il faut, selon le scientifique du CIFOR Bronwen Powell, c’est plus de diversit\u00e9 alimentaire.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cLes experts du monde de la nutrition promeuvent un r\u00e9gime diversifi\u00e9 parce que c’est holistique. Manger une alimentation vari\u00e9e peut aider \u00e0 assurer l\u2019absorption de multiples nutriments essentiels, plut\u00f4t que de se concentrer sur un seul nutriment \u00e0 la fois\u201d, dit-elle. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les chiffres le montrent clairement : l’Afrique a un des taux de consommation de fruits et l\u00e9gumes les plus bas du monde, dit Powell, citant <\/span><\/span><\/span>une \u00e9tude de l’<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Institut International de Recherche sur les Politiques Alimentaires (IFPRI)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>*.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Alors que l’agriculture est importante pour la r\u00e9servation des cultures de base, les for\u00eats et les aliments sauvages apportent une diversit\u00e9 d’aliments suppl\u00e9mentaires. Fruits, viande, l\u00e9gumes et les l\u00e9gumes feuilles \u2013 nourriture remplie de micronutriments \u2013 peuvent <\/span><\/span>\u00eatre trouv\u00e9s en abondance<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> dans les for\u00eats saines et bien g\u00e9r\u00e9es. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mais une for\u00eat \u201cdompt\u00e9e\u201d est une option lucrative. Zac Tchoundje, forestier du World Agroforestry Centre, travaille sur la domestication des arbres fruitiers en Afrique Centrale depuis les ann\u00e9es 1990, afin d’am\u00e9liorer la nutrition et le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les populations rurales du Cameroun qu’il a essay\u00e9 d’aider \u00e9taient r\u00e9ticents dans un premier temps, mais quand il leur a demand\u00e9 ce qu’ils attendaient de la recherche, \u201cils nous ont donn\u00e9 une feuille de route,\u201d dit Tchoundje. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIls voulaient des arbres qui produisent beaucoup de fruits, et vite, et pas trop haut de sorte que les enfants ne se blessent pas en tombant des arbres lors des collectes de fruits.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’\u00e9quipe de Tchoundje s’est mise au travail, et maintenant ces arbres domestiqu\u00e9s \u2013 dont la plupart sont des manguiers \u2013 ne fournissent pas seulement de la nourriture, mais aussi une source de revenus pour les ruraux qui vendent leurs surplus de fruits. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mais r\u00e9soudre la question de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et nutritionnelle en Afrique Centrale ne se limite pas simplement \u00e0 introduire de nouvelles vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de cultures et \u00e0 planter plus d’arbres, selon les experts. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il faut une planification prudente et une recherche strat\u00e9gique, dit Powell. \u201cIl est essentiel de tenir compte, au niveau politique, de la mani\u00e8re dont les questions foresti\u00e8res vont affecter les changements de r\u00e9gime, en particulier pour la consommation de fruits et l\u00e9gumes.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour les chercheurs du Bassin du Congo cependant, il devient clair que les for\u00eats jouent un r\u00f4le plus important pour nourrir les ruraux que ce qu’on pensait auparavant. Cela permet de repenser la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire alors que la malnutrition persiste bien que de nombreuses personnes aient assez \u00e0 manger. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cQuand vous mangez jusqu’\u00e0 sati\u00e9t\u00e9, vous atteignez la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire\u201d, explique Tchoundje, mais \u201cla s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nutritionnelle, c’est autre chose.\u201d <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

*Liens non traduits en fran\u00e7ais<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

De plus en plus de for\u00eats d’Afrique Centrale sont d\u00e9truites pour faire place \u00e0 des denr\u00e9es de base, riches en calories et pauvres en nutriments, et \u00e0 des r\u00e9coltes lucratives comme le ma\u00efs ou le manioc. Mais il semble que la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et nutritionnelle en Afrique Centrale pourrait revenir \u00e0 ses racines: les for\u00eats. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":212,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[188],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[6162],"class_list":["post-16603","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-food-and-diets","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nA la recherche de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire dans les for\u00eats d'Afrique Centrale - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/16603\/a-la-recherche-de-securite-alimentaire-dans-les-forets-dafrique-centrale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A la recherche de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire dans les for\u00eats d'Afrique Centrale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"De plus en plus de for\u00eats d’Afrique Centrale sont d\u00e9truites pour faire place \u00e0 des denr\u00e9es de base, riches en calories et pauvres en nutriments, et \u00e0 des r\u00e9coltes lucratives comme le ma\u00efs ou le manioc. 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Mais il semble que la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et nutritionnelle en Afrique Centrale pourrait revenir \u00e0 ses racines: les for\u00eats. 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