{"id":165342,"date":"2026-11-13T10:49:00","date_gmt":"2026-11-13T03:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/165342\/timor-women-climate-resilience-field-schools"},"modified":"2026-11-13T00:26:57","modified_gmt":"2026-11-12T17:26:57","slug":"champs-ecoles-femmes-resilience-climatique-timor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/165342\/champs-ecoles-femmes-resilience-climatique-timor","title":{"rendered":"Au Timor, la r\u00e9silience climatique commence avec les femmes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dans les collines br\u00fbl\u00e9es par le soleil de Timor Tengah Selatan, un district de la province de Nusa Tenggara oriental, en Indon\u00e9sie, la p\u00e9nurie d\u2019eau transforme la vie quotidienne en un v\u00e9ritable combat. Un seul bidon d\u2019eau co\u00fbte entre 10 000 et 15 000 roupies indon\u00e9siennes (soit entre 0,56 et 0,84 dollar am\u00e9ricain), tandis que la saison s\u00e8che s\u2019\u00e9tend sur plusieurs mois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant des ann\u00e9es, Tabita Taheko, agricultrice du village de Maonum Niki-niki, parcourait chaque matin 30 minutes \u00e0 pied pour rejoindre son champ dess\u00e9ch\u00e9. Ses moyens de subsistance d\u00e9pendaient de pluies impr\u00e9visibles et de la vente de noix de coco fra\u00eeches, qui rapportaient \u00e0 peine 1 000 roupies (0,056 dollar) l\u2019unit\u00e9 sur le march\u00e9 local.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon l\u2019Agence indon\u00e9sienne des statistiques, un m\u00e9nage moyen de la r\u00e9gion gagne environ 1,7 million de roupies (95 dollars) par mois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"A
Tabita Taheko transporte un bidon d\u2019eau depuis un r\u00e9servoir communautaire pour couvrir ses besoins quotidiens. Photo : Fajrin Hanafi \/ Landscape Alliance.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Le district est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs d\u00e9fis interd\u00e9pendants, notamment un climat semi-aride, des p\u00e9nuries d\u2019eau, la d\u00e9gradation des terres, des taux \u00e9lev\u00e9s de retard de croissance chez les enfants et la traite des \u00eatres humains. Une culture patriarcale rigide peut \u00e9galement limiter la participation des femmes aux prises de d\u00e9cisions publiques. Lorsque les chocs climatiques surviennent, les femmes rurales en supportent souvent une part disproportionn\u00e9e des cons\u00e9quences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Lorsque les sources d\u2019eau s\u2019ass\u00e8chent pendant les graves \u00e9pisodes de s\u00e9cheresse, les femmes doivent parcourir plusieurs kilom\u00e8tres en transportant de lourds bidons pour simplement pr\u00e9parer les repas quotidiens \u00bb,<\/em> explique le r\u00e9v\u00e9rend Seprianus Yoanis Adonis, pr\u00e9sident de la circonscription eccl\u00e9siastique d\u2019Amanuban Tengah Utara, une structure r\u00e9gionale de l\u2019\u00c9glise chr\u00e9tienne \u00e9vang\u00e9lique de Timor (GMIT). \u00ab Les femmes sont les premi\u00e8res \u00e0 subir les cons\u00e9quences du changement climatique, mais elles d\u00e9tiennent \u00e9galement la cl\u00e9 de la survie des m\u00e9nages. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les femmes de Timor Tengah Selatan, la s\u00e9cheresse et la pauvret\u00e9 fa\u00e7onnent depuis longtemps le quotidien. Le 15 septembre 2026, Tabita a rejoint 712 autres femmes, toutes v\u00eatues de tenues rouge vif, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9glise de la communaut\u00e9 de Sonhalan Niki-niki, appartenant \u00e0 la GMIT, pour c\u00e9l\u00e9brer leur remise de dipl\u00f4mes \u00e0 l\u2019issue de la Skol Bife<\/em> (\u00c9cole pratique des femmes).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s 18 mois de formation, les dipl\u00f4m\u00e9es mettent d\u00e9sormais en pratique les nouvelles comp\u00e9tences acquises pour s\u2019adapter au changement climatique, am\u00e9liorer leurs moyens de subsistance et remettre en question les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s profond\u00e9ment ancr\u00e9es entre les femmes et les hommes dans leurs communaut\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Women
Une repr\u00e9sentation th\u00e9\u00e2trale lors de la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie de remise des dipl\u00f4mes, racontant l\u2019histoire de femmes qui unissent leurs efforts pour renforcer leur autonomisation. Photo : Fajrin Hanafi \/ Landscape Alliance.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"Four
Un stand anim\u00e9 par les participantes de Skol Bife pr\u00e9sentant leurs r\u00e9alisations, notamment des textiles tiss\u00e9s, des produits issus de leurs r\u00e9coltes et des objets artisanaux. Photo : Fajrin Hanafi \/ Landscape Alliance.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Autonomie \u00e9conomique et \u00e9galit\u00e9 entre les femmes et les hommes<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pour faire face \u00e0 ces d\u00e9fis interd\u00e9pendants, l\u2019Agence locale pour l\u2019autonomisation des femmes (DP3A TTS) a cr\u00e9\u00e9, en 2018, des groupes d\u2019autonomisation des femmes. Toutefois, l\u2019initiative a rencontr\u00e9 des difficult\u00e9s pour progresser en raison de ressources limit\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le r\u00e9v\u00e9rend Seprianus a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 un programme de formation des facilitateurs organis\u00e9 par la DP3A et a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9sign\u00e9, en 2020, comme l\u2019un des trois facilitateurs \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du district. Il a ensuite cr\u00e9\u00e9 une \u00e9cole destin\u00e9e aux femmes dans le village de Neke, baptis\u00e9e Skol Bife Nekamese<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2021, lorsqu\u2019il a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 son id\u00e9e, l’initiative a b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 du soutien du projet Land4Lives<\/a>, mis en \u0153uvre par Landscape Alliance<\/a> et financ\u00e9 par Affaires mondiales Canada. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un partenariat avec l\u2019\u00e9glise locale de Timor (GMIT) et les autorit\u00e9s locales, Skol Bife Nekamese<\/em> \u00e9tait op\u00e9rationnelle d\u00e8s 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par la suite, reconnaissant que les hommes devaient \u00e9galement mieux comprendre l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 entre les femmes et les hommes, le r\u00e9v\u00e9rend Seprianus a cr\u00e9\u00e9 Skol Atoni<\/em>, une \u00e9cole destin\u00e9e aux hommes dans le village de Neke. Ce programme, moins intensif que Skol Bife, vise \u00e0 aider les femmes et les hommes \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper une compr\u00e9hension commune des questions de genre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sur une p\u00e9riode de formation de 18 mois, les participantes de Skol Bife ont suivi six modules pratiques portant sur les notions fondamentales du genre, le changement climatique et la gestion durable des paysages, l\u2019agriculture intelligente face au climat, les jardins potagers et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, la sant\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00e9ducation des enfants, la l\u00e9gislation villageoise et la participation des femmes aux prises de d\u00e9cisions, ainsi que l\u2019autonomie \u00e9conomique des femmes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour Landscape Alliance, le soutien aux \u00e9coles pratiques destin\u00e9es aux femmes dans le cadre du projet Land4Lives souligne l\u2019importance des connaissances et de la participation des femmes dans la construction de communaut\u00e9s r\u00e9silientes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afin de lutter contre les taux \u00e9lev\u00e9s de retard de croissance des enfants dans la r\u00e9gion et l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire li\u00e9e au climat, la formation a int\u00e9gr\u00e9 des recommandations nutritionnelles encourageant une alimentation diversifi\u00e9e, nutritive, \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e et saine. Elle a \u00e9galement abord\u00e9 les questions de sant\u00e9 durant les 1 000 premiers jours de la vie, depuis la grossesse jusqu\u2019au deuxi\u00e8me anniversaire de l\u2019enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Women
Des femmes participent \u00e0 une activit\u00e9 d\u2019apprentissage en groupe lors d\u2019une session de l\u2019\u00c9cole pratique des femmes au Timor, en Indon\u00e9sie. Photo : Landscape Alliance.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pour faire face aux graves \u00e9pisodes de s\u00e9cheresse, les participantes ont appris des techniques agricoles d\u2019adaptation, notamment la cr\u00e9ation de jardins potagers en sacs de culture (kebun dapur<\/em>), utilisant l\u2019eau recycl\u00e9e du lavage du riz pour cultiver des l\u00e9gumes nutritifs sans gaspiller les pr\u00e9cieuses r\u00e9serves d\u2019eau potable. Dans les jardins communautaires d\u2019apprentissage (kebun belajar<\/em>), les femmes ont adopt\u00e9 l\u2019irrigation goutte-\u00e0-goutte et le compostage organique, contribuant ainsi au maintien de l\u2019approvisionnement alimentaire, m\u00eame pendant les longues p\u00e9riodes de s\u00e9cheresse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Avant <\/em>Skol Bife, nous nous contentions de faire bouillir nos maniocs et nos bananes, et nous vendions nos noix de coco fra\u00eeches pour presque rien <\/em>\u00bb, se souvient Tabita. \u00ab Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole, nous avons appris \u00e0 transformer nos noix de coco en huile vierge de coco (VCO), que nous vendons dans de petites bouteilles \u00e0 50 000 roupies (2,79 dollars), ce qui augmente les revenus de nos m\u00e9nages. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les changements se sont \u00e9galement \u00e9tendus \u00e0 la vie familiale. Au d\u00e9part, les hommes de la communaut\u00e9 \u00e9taient sceptiques et se demandaient pourquoi les espaces d\u2019apprentissage \u00e9taient exclusivement r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux femmes. En r\u00e9ponse, le programme a introduit Skol Atoni<\/em> (l\u2019\u00c9cole des p\u00e8res) afin d\u2019impliquer les maris comme partenaires actifs de cette transformation. Pendant les journ\u00e9es de formation de Skol Bife, les maris ont progressivement pris en charge certaines t\u00e2ches domestiques, notamment la pr\u00e9paration des repas, la collecte du bois de chauffage, la vaisselle et les soins aux enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Au d\u00e9but, les questions et les r\u00e9sistances \u00e9taient nombreuses \u00bb, <\/em>t\u00e9moigne Mega Neolaka, participante de Skol Bife Hoi, un village de Timor Tengah Selatan. \u00ab Mais, au fil de deux ann\u00e9es, les hommes ont constat\u00e9 les effets positifs du programme. Ils ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 nous soutenir et \u00e0 partager les responsabilit\u00e9s m\u00e9nag\u00e8res. \u00bb<\/em> Les enfants ont \u00e9galement remarqu\u00e9 des changements \u00e0 la maison. Ils ont observ\u00e9 que leurs m\u00e8res adoptaient des m\u00e9thodes \u00e9ducatives plus douces et plus affectueuses, rempla\u00e7ant les cris et les sanctions s\u00e9v\u00e8res par un dialogue ouvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Au total, 713 participantes ont obtenu leur dipl\u00f4me de l\u2019\u00c9cole pratique des femmes. Photo : Fajrin Hanafi \/ Landscape Alliance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9tendre l\u2019impact de Skol Bife<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les participantes ont \u00e9galement signal\u00e9 des changements dans les pratiques \u00e9ducatives, notamment davantage de dialogue et moins de discipline s\u00e9v\u00e8re. Des femmes qui, auparavant, n’osaient pas prendre la parole en public participent d\u00e9sormais aux r\u00e9unions de planification du d\u00e9veloppement des villages (Musrenbangdes<\/em>), d\u00e9fendent l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de sant\u00e9 et assument des fonctions de leadership au sein des administrations locales et des conseils eccl\u00e9siastiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Nous avons observ\u00e9 une transformation profonde dans trois domaines : les mentalit\u00e9s, les comportements quotidiens et les comp\u00e9tences techniques \u00bb,<\/em> d\u00e9clare Aprianus Bennu, directeur de la DP3A TTS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ratnasari, sp\u00e9cialiste des questions de genre chez Landscape Alliance, explique que les femmes sont pass\u00e9es du statut d\u2019observatrices silencieuses \u00e0 celui de leaders communautaires qui font entendre leur voix. \u00ab Les femmes de la r\u00e9gion n\u2019h\u00e9sitent plus \u00e0 exprimer leurs besoins dans les espaces de concertation publics, ce qui permet de garantir que les plans de d\u00e9veloppement locaux refl\u00e8tent directement leurs priorit\u00e9s. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis son lancement \u00e0 titre pilote dans le village de Neke, Skol Bife s\u2019est \u00e9tendue \u00e0 38 groupes d\u2019apprentissage actifs r\u00e9partis dans 28 villages de Timor Tengah Selatan. Plus de 170 facilitateurs et facilitatrices b\u00e9n\u00e9voles accompagnent ces groupes et encadrent leurs pairs. Bien qu\u2019ils ne per\u00e7oivent pas d\u2019indemnit\u00e9 r\u00e9guli\u00e8re, ils peuvent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019un appui financier pour leurs frais de transport ou de repas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La remise des dipl\u00f4mes \u00e0 713 femmes constitue une \u00e9tape importante pour le programme, mais les responsables r\u00e9gionaux y voient surtout le d\u00e9but d’un travail plus vaste. Les autorit\u00e9s locales envisagent d\u2019int\u00e9grer les dipl\u00f4m\u00e9es de Skol Bife<\/em> \u00e0 l\u2019initiative communautaire nationale Ruang Bersama Indonesia<\/em>, dans le cadre de laquelle elles devraient continuer \u00e0 contribuer \u00e0 la r\u00e9silience des communaut\u00e9s rurales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Revenant sur les r\u00e9alisations des dipl\u00f4m\u00e9es, le r\u00e9v\u00e9rend Seprianus Yoanis Adonis d\u00e9clare : \u00ab Si vous voulez discuter d\u2019un probl\u00e8me, parlez \u00e0 un homme. Mais si vous voulez un v\u00e9ritable changement, travaillez avec les femmes, car un homme parle en son propre nom, tandis qu\u2019une femme prend la parole pour prot\u00e9ger toute sa famille et sa communaut\u00e9. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n
climate change<\/a>, <\/span>climate resilience<\/a>, <\/span>climate-smart agriculture<\/a>, <\/span>drought<\/a>, <\/span>East Nusa Tenggara<\/a>, <\/span>food security<\/a>, <\/span>gender equality<\/a>, <\/span>Indonesia<\/a>, <\/span>Land4Lives<\/a>, <\/span>rural livelihoods<\/a>, <\/span>Skol Bife<\/a>, <\/span>Women\u2019s empowerment<\/a>, <\/span>Women\u2019s leadership<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n
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Remerciements<\/mark><\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019\u00c9cole pratique des femmes a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendue possible gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la collaboration entre la DP3A, l\u2019administration du district de TTS, la circonscription eccl\u00e9siastique d\u2019Amanuban Tengah Utara de la GMIT et le projet Land4Lives, avec le soutien financier d\u2019Affaires mondiales Canada.<\/em><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Au Timor, en Indon\u00e9sie, les champs-\u00e9coles pour femmes, g\u00e9r\u00e9s par les communaut\u00e9s, aident plus de 700 femmes rurales \u00e0 s\u2019adapter \u00e0 la s\u00e9cheresse, \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les revenus de leur m\u00e9nage et \u00e0 participer davantage aux d\u00e9cisions communautaires, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une agriculture intelligente face au climat et au renforcement de leur autonomie \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":272,"featured_media":164495,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12063,12059,12111,12044,12099],"tags":[12439,12936,13540,13989,13990,12556,13991,13992,13993,12942,13994,13995,13996],"language":[2170],"location":[12253,12223],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[10774,7528,3155,13654,12998,14000],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[2423],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7230],"class_list":["post-165342","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aliments-et-regimes","category-bien-etre-humain","category-forests-news-fr","category-genere-justice-et-permanence-en-el-cargo","category-gouvernance","tag-climate-change","tag-climate-resilience","tag-climate-smart-agriculture","tag-drought","tag-east-nusa-tenggara","tag-food-security","tag-gender-equality","tag-indonesia","tag-land4lives","tag-rural-livelihoods","tag-skol-bife","tag-womens-empowerment-2","tag-womens-leadership","language-francais","location-asia-pacific","location-indonesia","tag-francais-agriculture-intelligente-face-au-climat","tag-francais-changement-climatique","tag-francais-genre","tag-francais-moyens-de-subsistance-ruraux","tag-francais-resilience-climatique","tag-francais-skol-bife","type-english-event-coverage"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAu Timor, la r\u00e9silience climatique commence avec les femmes - 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