{"id":164895,"date":"2026-10-28T09:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-28T02:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/164895\/tree-seed-landscape-restoration"},"modified":"2026-10-27T23:44:20","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T16:44:20","slug":"semences-arbres-restauration-paysages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/164895\/semences-arbres-restauration-paysages","title":{"rendered":"La g\u00e9n\u00e9tique au service de semences d\u2019arbres de meilleure qualit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Au Kenya et au Rwanda, les terres agricoles, les for\u00eats et les paysages d\u00e9grad\u00e9s font l\u2019objet d\u2019initiatives de restauration par la plantation d\u2019arbres. Ces arbres contribueront aux moyens de subsistance des populations rurales en fournissant du bois d\u2019\u0153uvre, du bois de chauffage et d\u2019autres produits, tout en restaurant la biodiversit\u00e9, en am\u00e9liorant la sant\u00e9 des sols<\/a> et en stabilisant les bassins versants<\/a>. Cependant, la survie de ces arbres, leur capacit\u00e9 d\u2019adaptation et leur aptitude \u00e0 continuer de fournir des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices pendant plusieurs d\u00e9cennies d\u00e9pendent en partie de d\u00e9cisions prises bien avant que les plants ne soient mis en terre, \u00e0 commencer par la diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique<\/a> et la qualit\u00e9 des semences<\/a> utilis\u00e9es pour les produire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alors que les programmes de restauration se concentrent souvent sur les objectifs de plantation, les chercheurs et les professionnels qui travaillent sur les syst\u00e8mes semenciers forestiers se posent une question plus fondamentale : comment garantir que des semences d\u2019arbres de haute qualit\u00e9 et g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement diversifi\u00e9es soient facilement accessibles \u00e0 ceux qui en ont besoin, aujourd\u2019hui et \u00e0 long terme ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u00ab\u00a0Les semences d\u2019arbres portent le patrimoine g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des arbres que nous plantons. Pour que la restauration r\u00e9ussisse dans diff\u00e9rents paysages, nous avons besoin de sources de semences \u00e0 la fois g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement diversifi\u00e9es et disponibles de mani\u00e8re fiable.<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

– Fabio Pedercini<\/a>, sp\u00e9cialiste des ressources g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques foresti\u00e8res et des paysages<\/em>, Landcape Alliance<\/em><\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
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Un paysage compos\u00e9 de terres agricoles et de parcelles de for\u00eat indig\u00e8ne. Photo : Kelvin Trautman \/ Landscape Alliance<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Les sources naturelles de semences restent essentielles<\/strong><\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dans une grande partie de l\u2019Afrique, les semences d\u2019arbres<\/a> sont r\u00e9colt\u00e9es dans les for\u00eats naturelles, les zones bois\u00e9es et sur des arbres isol\u00e9s qui poussent dans les exploitations agricoles. Ces sources naturelles de semences demeurent fondamentales pour la restauration, notamment pour les esp\u00e8ces d\u2019arbres indig\u00e8nes qui contribuent \u00e0 la biodiversit\u00e9 et au bon fonctionnement des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, d\u00e9pendre exclusivement d\u2019arbres semenciers dispers\u00e9s pr\u00e9sente \u00e9galement des difficult\u00e9s. La production de semences varie d\u2019une ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019autre, l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux arbres appropri\u00e9s peut \u00eatre difficile et les informations sur l\u2019origine et les caract\u00e9ristiques g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques des semences r\u00e9colt\u00e9es sont souvent limit\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 mesure que les efforts de restauration s\u2019intensifient, ces difficult\u00e9s compliquent de plus en plus l\u2019approvisionnement r\u00e9gulier en mat\u00e9riel v\u00e9g\u00e9tal diversifi\u00e9 et de haute qualit\u00e9. Bien que les for\u00eats naturelles et les arbres isol\u00e9s pr\u00e9sents dans les exploitations agricoles continueront de jouer un r\u00f4le essentiel dans la fourniture de semences, il est indispensable de d\u00e9velopper des approches compl\u00e9mentaires qui renforcent l\u2019ensemble du syst\u00e8me semencier forestier et augmentent l\u2019offre. Les chercheurs et les professionnels de la restauration s\u2019emploient \u00e0 relever ce d\u00e9fi en am\u00e9liorant la disponibilit\u00e9, la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 et la gestion \u00e0 long terme de mat\u00e9riel v\u00e9g\u00e9tal de qualit\u00e9 pour diverses esp\u00e8ces d\u2019arbres pr\u00e9sentant un int\u00e9r\u00eat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Enregistrement des caract\u00e9ristiques des esp\u00e8ces d\u2019arbres dans un verger \u00e0 graines de s\u00e9lection \u00e9tabli au Kenya. Photo : Kelvin Trautman \/ Landscape Alliance<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Vergers \u00e0 graines de s\u00e9lection : s\u00e9lectionner aujourd\u2019hui les arbres de demain<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019une des principales solutions consiste \u00e0 \u00e9tablir des vergers \u00e0 graines<\/a> de s\u00e9lection (VGS). Contrairement \u00e0 la collecte opportuniste de semences dans les for\u00eats naturelles, ces vergers sont des plantations soigneusement planifi\u00e9es, \u00e9tablies \u00e0 partir de semences r\u00e9colt\u00e9es sur des arbres s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s pour leurs caract\u00e9ristiques de qualit\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure. Les arbres des VGS sont dispos\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 favoriser la pollinisation crois\u00e9e entre diff\u00e9rentes familles d\u2019arbres. Cette approche contribue au maintien d\u2019un niveau \u00e9lev\u00e9 de diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique tout en permettant de produire des semences dans des conditions bien ma\u00eetris\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au fil du temps, les gestionnaires des vergers peuvent \u00e9valuer les performances des arbres et \u00e9liminer progressivement les individus les moins performants. Cette d\u00e9marche am\u00e9liore graduellement la qualit\u00e9 globale des semences produites, tout en pr\u00e9servant la diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 une restauration r\u00e9siliente. Il est important de souligner que ces VGS ne visent pas \u00e0 remplacer les for\u00eats naturelles en tant que sources de semences. Ils compl\u00e8tent plut\u00f4t la collecte naturelle en fournissant des semences fiables, document\u00e9es et g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement diversifi\u00e9es. Celles-ci peuvent r\u00e9pondre aux besoins croissants des programmes de restauration tout en r\u00e9duisant la pression exerc\u00e9e sur les arbres semenciers naturels dispers\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans le cadre du projet Quality Tree Seed for Africa<\/em><\/a>, des vergers \u00e0 graines de s\u00e9lection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablis comme des investissements \u00e0 long terme destin\u00e9s \u00e0 garantir l\u2019approvisionnement futur en semences d\u2019arbres de qualit\u00e9, contribuant ainsi aux objectifs de conservation et de restauration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Au Rwanda, huit vergers \u00e0 graines de s\u00e9lection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablis pour cinq esp\u00e8ces d\u2019arbres indig\u00e8nes et trois esp\u00e8ces exotiques. Au Kenya, six vergers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9s pour trois esp\u00e8ces d\u2019arbres indig\u00e8nes.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Les parcs \u00e0 pieds-m\u00e8res : favoriser un mat\u00e9riel v\u00e9g\u00e9tal de qualit\u00e9<\/strong><\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La planification des sources de mat\u00e9riel v\u00e9g\u00e9tal ne se limite pas \u00e0 la production de semences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les esp\u00e8ces d\u2019arbres couramment multipli\u00e9es par greffage ou par d\u2019autres m\u00e9thodes de multiplication v\u00e9g\u00e9tative, les parcs \u00e0 pieds-m\u00e8res regroupent des arbres soigneusement entretenus et s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s pour leurs caract\u00e9ristiques sup\u00e9rieures. Ces collections constituent une source imm\u00e9diatement accessible de mat\u00e9riel de multiplication de haute qualit\u00e9 destin\u00e9 aux p\u00e9pini\u00e8res. Au Kenya, le projet Quality Tree Seed for Africa<\/em> a cr\u00e9\u00e9 de nouveaux parcs \u00e0 pieds-m\u00e8res de multiplication de goyaviers et d\u2019agrumes, en collaboration avec l\u2019Organisation k\u00e9nyane de recherche sur l\u2019agriculture et l\u2019\u00e9levage (Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation<\/em>, KALRO).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le Dr Kori Njuguna, directeur de l\u2019Institut de recherche horticole de la KALRO, les communaut\u00e9s des environs de Marigat et de Lanet b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u2019un meilleur acc\u00e8s \u00e0 du mat\u00e9riel v\u00e9g\u00e9tal de qualit\u00e9, qui contribue \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et aux moyens de subsistance locaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A Lire Egalement<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Future-proofing tree biodiversity<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Bien que les vergers \u00e0 graines de s\u00e9lection et les parcs \u00e0 pieds-m\u00e8res <\/a> soient deux approches distinctes, ils poursuivent le m\u00eame objectif : am\u00e9liorer l\u2019acc\u00e8s des populations \u00e0 du mat\u00e9riel v\u00e9g\u00e9tal de qualit\u00e9 pour un large \u00e9ventail d\u2019esp\u00e8ces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Des participants \u00e0 une formation apprennent les techniques de greffage lors d\u2019une s\u00e9ance organis\u00e9e dans une p\u00e9pini\u00e8re au Rwanda. Photo : Herv\u00e9 Irankunda.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Formation aux techniques de greffage dans un parc \u00e0 pieds-m\u00e8res \u00e9tabli au Kenya. Photo : Kelvin Trautman \/ Landscape Alliance<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Mettre la science en pratique au Kenya et au Rwanda<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Au Kenya et au Rwanda, les programmes de restauration ont un besoin urgent de mat\u00e9riel v\u00e9g\u00e9tal plus abondant et de meilleure qualit\u00e9, issu d\u2019esp\u00e8ces d\u2019arbres indig\u00e8nes et introduites capables de prosp\u00e9rer dans les exploitations agricoles, les for\u00eats et les paysages des bassins versants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans le cadre du projet Quality Tree Seed for Africa<\/em>, des chercheurs, des organismes publics et des professionnels de la restauration ont collabor\u00e9 pour renforcer les bases g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques des cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement en semences d\u2019arbres, pour un large \u00e9ventail d\u2019esp\u00e8ces. En documentant les sources prioritaires de semences, en \u00e9tablissant des vergers \u00e0 graines de s\u00e9lection et des parcs \u00e0 bois de multiplication, et en favorisant les \u00e9changes techniques, le projet a am\u00e9lior\u00e9 la compr\u00e9hension de la mani\u00e8re dont la diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique peut \u00eatre int\u00e9gr\u00e9e concr\u00e8tement dans la planification des activit\u00e9s de restauration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019une des principales r\u00e9alisations du projet est la cr\u00e9ation de 16 sites permanents d\u00e9di\u00e9s aux ressources g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques des arbres au Kenya et au Rwanda. Ces sites jettent les bases de la conservation, de la gestion et de l\u2019approvisionnement \u00e0 long terme en ressources g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques foresti\u00e8res pr\u00e9cieuses. Par ailleurs, les \u00e9changes de mat\u00e9riel g\u00e9n\u00e9tique entre l\u2019Afrique du Sud, le Kenya et le Rwanda ont renforc\u00e9 la coop\u00e9ration r\u00e9gionale et contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9largir l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 d\u2019importantes ressources g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques foresti\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00e9valuations sectorielles et les examens des politiques men\u00e9s dans les deux pays ont \u00e9galement soulign\u00e9 l\u2019importance d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la documentation, la gestion et la protection des sources de semences d\u2019arbres, \u00e0 mesure que les ambitions en mati\u00e8re de restauration augmentent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Des sources fiables de semences sont indispensables pour permettre l\u2019expansion des programmes de restauration tout en maintenant la qualit\u00e9. Investir aujourd\u2019hui dans ces sources permettra de renforcer, \u00e0 l\u2019avenir, l\u2019approvisionnement en mat\u00e9riel v\u00e9g\u00e9tal de qualit\u00e9 destin\u00e9 aux agriculteurs et aux professionnels de la restauration.<\/em><\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

– Marie Claire Twiragijimana, sp\u00e9cialiste des p\u00e9pini\u00e8res de semences d’arbres au Rwanda, Landscape Alliance\u00a0<\/em><\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
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Vue a\u00e9rienne d\u2019un verger \u00e0 graines de s\u00e9lection au Kenya. Photo : Kelvin Trautman \/ Landscape Alliance<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e9parer la prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de semences d\u2019arbres de qualit\u00e9<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La cr\u00e9ation de vergers \u00e0 graines de s\u00e9lection et d\u2019autres sources planifi\u00e9es de semences prend du temps. Les arbres doivent grandir, fleurir et commencer \u00e0 produire des semences avant de pouvoir contribuer \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s de restauration \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toutefois, ces investissements permettront aux professionnels de la restauration de ne plus d\u00e9pendre exclusivement des arbres semenciers dispers\u00e9s. En compl\u00e9tant les approvisionnements issus des populations naturelles par des semences provenant de vergers soigneusement s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s, planifi\u00e9s et g\u00e9r\u00e9s, il sera possible de soutenir les plantations d\u2019arbres de toutes sortes et de les rendre plus r\u00e9silientes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les professionnels de la restauration au Kenya et au Rwanda, le constat devient de plus en plus \u00e9vident : renforcer l\u2019approvisionnement en semences d\u2019arbres ne consiste pas uniquement \u00e0 r\u00e9colter des semences lorsqu\u2019elles sont disponibles. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019investir aujourd\u2019hui dans les sources de semences qui soutiendront les efforts de restauration de demain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n
diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique<\/a>, <\/span>Kenya<\/a>, <\/span>mat\u00e9riel v\u00e9g\u00e9tal<\/a>, <\/span>parc \u00e0 pieds-m\u00e8res<\/a>, <\/span>planting material<\/a>, <\/span>Quality Tree Seed for Africa<\/a>, <\/span>ressources g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques des arbres<\/a>, <\/span>Restauration des paysages<\/a>, <\/span>syst\u00e8mes semenciers<\/a>, <\/span>Vergers \u00e0 graines de s\u00e9lection<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n
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Pour en savoir plus, Consultez le site web du projet Quality Tree Seed for Africa:\u00a0https:\/\/www.cifor-icraf.org\/quality-tree-seed-for-africa\/<\/a><\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Au Kenya et au Rwanda, les vergers \u00e0 graines de s\u00e9lection et les parcelles de pieds-m\u00e8res contribuent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des semences d\u2019arbres et \u00e0 du mat\u00e9riel v\u00e9g\u00e9tal de qualit\u00e9. Dans le cadre du projet \u00ab Des semences d\u2019arbres de qualit\u00e9 pour l\u2019Afrique \u00bb, les chercheurs et les praticiens de la restauration s\u2019emploient \u00e0 pr\u00e9server la diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et \u00e0 renforcer les syst\u00e8mes d\u2019approvisionnement en semences pour les futures initiatives de restauration.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":446,"featured_media":164281,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12103,12111,12056],"tags":[13885,13662,13887,13886,13880,13881,13889,13581,13888,13884],"language":[2170],"location":[12246,12213,13519],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[2431],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[10924,13405,13406,13796],"class_list":["post-164895","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-foresterie-communautaire","category-forests-news-fr","category-paysages","tag-diversite-genetique","tag-kenya","tag-materiel-vegetal","tag-parc-a-pieds-meres","tag-planting-material","tag-quality-tree-seed-for-africa","tag-ressources-genetiques-des-arbres","tag-restauration-des-paysages","tag-systemes-semenciers","tag-vergers-a-graines-de-selection","language-francais","location-africa","location-kenya","location-rwanda","type-english-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHow better tree seed supports landscape restoration<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover how breeding seed orchards and mother blocks in Kenya and Rwanda are improving access to quality tree seed for landscape restoration.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/164895\/semences-arbres-restauration-paysages\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La g\u00e9n\u00e9tique au service de semences d\u2019arbres de meilleure qualit\u00e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover how breeding seed orchards and mother blocks in Kenya and Rwanda are improving access to quality tree seed for landscape restoration.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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