{"id":16463,"date":"2013-05-29T10:47:45","date_gmt":"2013-05-29T03:47:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=16463"},"modified":"2015-09-30T16:17:24","modified_gmt":"2015-09-30T09:17:24","slug":"maitriser-les-riveres-du-congo-pour-sauver-ses-forets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/16463\/maitriser-les-riveres-du-congo-pour-sauver-ses-forets","title":{"rendered":"Ma\u00eetriser les rivi\u00e8res du Congo pour sauver ses for\u00eats"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

\"Thanks<\/a>
Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la puissante rivi\u00e8re Congo et ses affluents, le Congo poss\u00e8de le plus grand potentiel d’\u00e9nergie hydraulique d’Afrique, selon les chercheurs. Ollivier Girard\/CIFOR<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ce ne sont pas le commerce du bois, l’expansion agricole ou les mines qui pr\u00e9sentent le plus grand danger pour les for\u00eats tropicales de R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), mais la demande en \u00e9nergie, qui peut \u00eatre r\u00e9solue en ma\u00eetrisant les rivi\u00e8res du pays, selon un nouveau descriptif du pays.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Floribert Nyamwoga est co-auteur d’une <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9tude globale<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> qui examine le potentiel des programmes internationaux visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la perte et d\u00e9gradation de for\u00eats (REDD+). Il dit qu’on estime que <\/span><\/span><\/span>80 \u00e0 90%<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>* des besoins domestiques en \u00e9nergie \u2013 satisfaits sous forme de bois de chauffage et charbon \u2013 sont li\u00e9s \u00e0 la cuisine domestique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de vouloir stopper la d\u00e9forestation ici sans parler des questions \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques \u00bb, dit Nyamwoga, chercheur bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Kinshasa pour le <\/span><\/span>Conseil pour la D\u00e9fense Environnementale par la L\u00e9galit\u00e9 et la Tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 (CODELT)<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La RDC est r\u00e9cemment sortie de d\u00e9cennies de guerre civile qui ont entrav\u00e9 l’investissement dans les infrastructures, y compris dans son r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique, qui couvre seulement les villes principales et d\u00e9livre du courant par intermittence.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mais Samuel Assembe-Mvondo, co-auteur du descriptif pays publi\u00e9 par le CIFOR dit que gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la puissante rivi\u00e8re Congo et \u00e0 ses affluents, il existe un plus grand potentiel pour l’\u00e9nergie hydraulique que dans tous les autres pays d’Afrique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Seulement 0,77% de ce potentiel est actuellement exploit\u00e9, selon une <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9tude cit\u00e9e par le rapport<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nous pensons qu’en travaillant sur l’\u00e9nergie avec la RDC dans le cadre des programmes REDD+, nous pourrions avoir des r\u00e9sultats rapidement<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

M\u00eame l’Afrique du Sud, \u00e0 1500 km, \u201cpropose de financer les barrages de RDC*<\/a> parce qu’ils pourraient produire assez d’\u00e9nergie pour arriver jusqu’\u00e0 sa fronti\u00e8re\u201d, note Assembe-Mvondo.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Lui et ses coll\u00e8gues expliquent aussi dans le descriptif du pays que s’attaquer \u00e0 la perte des for\u00eats via la politique \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique serait \u00e9conomiquement viable et culturellement et socialement acceptable pour la population locale, des dizaines de millions de personnes qui d\u00e9pendent de cet \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me unique comme moyen de subsistance.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous pensons qu’en travaillant sur l’\u00e9nergie avec la RDC dans le cadre des programmes REDD+, nous pourrions avoir des r\u00e9sultats rapidement \u00bb,<\/span><\/span><\/span> dit Nyamwoga.<\/span><\/p>\n

Il oppose \u00e0 cela d’autres politiques traditionnellement associ\u00e9es \u00e0 la lutte contre la d\u00e9forestation.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Par exemple on ne s’attend pas \u00e0 ce que la politique de conservation fasse une grosse diff\u00e9rence en RDC, puisque le fait que de larges bandes de for\u00eats soient inaccessibles les prot\u00e8ge d\u00e9j\u00e0 de la destruction.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

De m\u00eame, travailler sur l’exploitation foresti\u00e8re industrielle aurait un effet limit\u00e9, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 le faible niveau d’investissement actuel dans ce secteur, dit Nyamwoga.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00eame la culture sur br\u00fblis et l’abattage artisanal, identifi\u00e9s comme des menaces pour les for\u00eats congolaises dans le rapport, peuvent \u00eatre li\u00e9s \u00e0 la politique \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Les agriculteurs coupent les arbres pour s’en servir comme combustible d’abord, puis cultivent la terre\u201d, dit Nyamwoga. Il ajoute que la plupart du petit commerce de bois \u2013 y compris son versant ill\u00e9gal \u2013 est dirig\u00e9 par la demande en bois de chauffage.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mais inclure les ressources \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques dans la politique REDD+ n’est pas simple \u2013 et pas seulement parce que les statistiques fiables sont difficiles \u00e0 obtenir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Beaucoup de communaut\u00e9s locales coupent du bois de chauffage dans les savanes et d’autres zones qui ne sont pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des for\u00eats. \u201cPourtant, cela aussi r\u00e9duit le stockage du carbone\u201d, explique Nyamwoga.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Quand les d\u00e9cideurs politiques arriveront \u00e0 concevoir des programmes REDD+ qui r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 ces difficult\u00e9s, les solutions seront d\u00e9j\u00e0 l\u00e0 pour faire chuter la d\u00e9forestation \u00e0 travers un meilleur approvisionnement en \u00e9nergie, y compris dans les zones recul\u00e9es qui ne peuvent pas \u00eatre connect\u00e9es au r\u00e9seau national d’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le descriptif du pays mentionne la biomasse, qui pourrait \u00eatre puis\u00e9e dans les plantes cultiv\u00e9es sur les terres agricoles abondantes de RDC. Nyamwoga pense que cela pourrait aussi \u00eatre mis en place au niveau local.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Les d\u00e9chets organiques de l’agriculture traditionnelle pourraient nourrir des unit\u00e9s de m\u00e9thanisation connect\u00e9es \u00e0 une cuisini\u00e8re \u00e0 gaz dans la cuisine familiale.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’\u00e9nergie solaire et les petites rivi\u00e8res pourraient aussi \u00eatre ma\u00eetris\u00e9es pour que \u201cchaque village ait sa propre micro-station \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique\u201d, ajoute-t-il. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

*Liens non traduits en fran\u00e7ais<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur les questions discut\u00e9es dans cet <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>article, veuillez contacter <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Samuel Assembe sur <\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>s.assembe@cgiar.org<\/a>.<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce travail s\u2019inscrit dans le cadre du <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/em>Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l\u2019agroforesterie<\/a> <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span>avec le soutien du <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>Department for International Development (DFID), AusAid, the <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>Norwegian<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span> Agency for Development Cooperation (<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>NORAD<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span> et de la Commission Europ\u00e9enne.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Ce ne sont pas le commerce du bois, l’expansion agricole ou les mines qui pr\u00e9sentent le plus grand danger pour les for\u00eats tropicales de R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), mais la demande en \u00e9nergie, qui peut \u00eatre r\u00e9solue en ma\u00eetrisant les rivi\u00e8res du pays, selon un nouveau descriptif du pays. Floribert Nyamwoga est co-auteur […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,180],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1041],"class_list":["post-16463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-mitigating-climate-change","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMa\u00eetriser les rivi\u00e8res du Congo pour sauver ses for\u00eats - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/16463\/maitriser-les-riveres-du-congo-pour-sauver-ses-forets\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ma\u00eetriser les rivi\u00e8res du Congo pour sauver ses for\u00eats\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"  Ce ne sont pas le commerce du bois, l’expansion agricole ou les mines qui pr\u00e9sentent le plus grand danger pour les for\u00eats tropicales de R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), mais la demande en \u00e9nergie, qui peut \u00eatre r\u00e9solue en ma\u00eetrisant les rivi\u00e8res du pays, selon un nouveau descriptif du pays. 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