{"id":164078,"date":"2026-10-08T15:17:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T08:17:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/164078\/land-governance-landscape-approaches"},"modified":"2026-10-05T23:29:26","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T16:29:26","slug":"governance-fonciere-approches-paysageres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/164078\/governance-fonciere-approches-paysageres","title":{"rendered":"Pourquoi la gouvernance fonci\u00e8re est au c\u0153ur d\u2019une approche paysag\u00e8re"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Notre nouveau nom, Landscape Alliance, traduit une \u00e9volution dans notre mani\u00e8re de faire de la science \u2014 une approche \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle de l\u2019ensemble du paysage, fa\u00e7onn\u00e9e par la recherche interdisciplinaire et par la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019investissements \u00e0 long terme dans les personnes et les institutions qui connaissent le mieux leurs paysages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019\u00ab approches paysag\u00e8res \u00bb est n\u00e9e dans le domaine de l\u2019\u00e9cologie du paysage, mais elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9invent\u00e9e comme cadre conceptuel pour les activit\u00e9s de recherche et de d\u00e9veloppement dans un article<\/a> influent de Jeffrey Sayer et de ses coll\u00e8gues (2013). Depuis, elle a eu plus d\u2019une d\u00e9cennie pour prendre forme et gagner en signification et en influence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour Landscape Alliance, l\u2019\u00e9volution vers les approches paysag\u00e8res signifie catalyser un changement syst\u00e9mique, s\u2019attaquer aux causes profondes plut\u00f4t qu\u2019aux sympt\u00f4mes et associer l\u2019action environnementale urgente aux droits, aux moyens de subsistance et au bien-\u00eatre. Et, en tant qu\u2019Alliance, cela signifie travailler ensemble pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer ce changement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La gouvernance fonci\u00e8re est au c\u0153ur de cette \u00e9volution. Ses r\u00e8gles, ses processus et ses structures d\u00e9terminent qui prend les d\u00e9cisions concernant les terres, comment ces d\u00e9cisions sont prises et comment elles sont mises en \u0153uvre. Pourtant, les activit\u00e9s de recherche et de d\u00e9veloppement portant sur la gouvernance et les r\u00e9gimes fonciers sont souvent confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des malentendus, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 des d\u00e9fis sociaux et politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans nos fonctions respectives de responsable du th\u00e8me Gouvernance, \u00e9quit\u00e9 et bien-\u00eatre (GEW)<\/a> et de sp\u00e9cialiste de la communication, notre exp\u00e9rience r\u00e9cente de conseil aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019 Unit\u00e9 d\u2019appui \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision (DSU) du Land Facility<\/a>, financ\u00e9e par le Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) du gouvernement britannique, sugg\u00e8re des pistes pour notre organisation et pour d\u2019autres acteurs qui m\u00e8nent des recherches sur les r\u00e9gimes et la gouvernance fonciers en vue de produire des impacts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Photo : Aulia Erlangga \/ Landscape Alliance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Le foncier : un sujet sensible<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le foncier est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 la vie et aux moyens de subsistance, \u00e0 la culture et aux droits, \u00e0 la richesse, aux in\u00e9galit\u00e9s, \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation et \u00e0 l\u2019expropriation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des droits fonciers \u2014 qui comprend la clart\u00e9 sur les personnes pouvant exercer l\u2019ensemble des droits associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la terre et sur les conditions dans lesquelles elles peuvent les exercer \u2014 est largement consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une condition n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 une gouvernance paysag\u00e8re favorisant des r\u00e9sultats environnementaux et sociaux positifs<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les avis divergent quant \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re d\u2019assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des droits fonciers et m\u00eame quant \u00e0 ce \u00e0 quoi ressemble une gouvernance fonci\u00e8re efficace ou r\u00e9ussie. Les enjeux peuvent \u00eatre consid\u00e9rables, en particulier pour les personnes dont les moyens de subsistance et les communaut\u00e9s sont profond\u00e9ment ancr\u00e9s dans la terre et le territoire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De nombreux programmes de \u00ab gouvernance fonci\u00e8re \u00bb mettent l\u2019accent sur la r\u00e9gularisation fonci\u00e8re au moyen de l\u2019administration fonci\u00e8re technique<\/a>, notamment l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des cadastres et des proc\u00e9dures d\u2019attribution des titres fonciers ; la r\u00e9flexion sous-jacente est le plus souvent fa\u00e7onn\u00e9e par les principes de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re priv\u00e9e. Ces interventions peuvent n\u00e9gliger des facteurs politiques et \u00e9conomiques plus larges, tels que les syst\u00e8mes coutumiers et communautaires, l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 et les relations de genre, ainsi que la fragilit\u00e9 ou la stabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9tat \u2014 autant d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments qui influencent plus largement la gouvernance des paysages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une approche d\u2019\u00e9conomie politique (PEA), en particulier la d\u00e9marche consistant \u00e0 penser et agir politiquement (TWP)<\/a>, peut contribuer \u00e0 rapprocher ces deux dimensions et \u00e0 orienter la recherche et l\u2019action vers des changements significatifs et durables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des partenariats d\u2019apprentissage pour combler les lacunes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

De 2024 \u00e0 2026, nous avons travaill\u00e9 avec la DSU afin d\u2019appuyer la production de r\u00e9sultats permettant au Land Facility et \u00e0 d\u2019autres projets de penser et d\u2019agir politiquement en faveur de r\u00e9formes durables de la gouvernance et de l\u2019administration fonci\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de reformuler un r\u00e9cit, de modifier l\u2019allocation budg\u00e9taire ou de changer la mani\u00e8re dont les individus et les institutions fonctionnent, une action \u00e9clair\u00e9e par les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s politiques est essentielle pour provoquer le changement \u00bb,<\/em> \u00e9crivent les auteurs de Good Practices for Political Engagement and Influencing<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Infographic
De 2024 \u00e0 2026, Landscape Alliance (anciennement CIFOR-ICRAF) a travaill\u00e9 avec l\u2019Unit\u00e9 d\u2019appui \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision du Land Facility afin de faciliter la production et l\u2019\u00e9change de connaissances pour une prise de d\u00e9cision adaptative, ax\u00e9e sur les r\u00e9sultats et fond\u00e9e sur des donn\u00e9es probantes.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Le guide r\u00e9cemment publi\u00e9 synth\u00e9tise de bonnes pratiques, des conseils, des tactiques et des \u00e9tudes de cas, notamment les travaux de Landscape Alliance sur les politiques foresti\u00e8res en \u00c9thiopie<\/a>. Il recommande d\u2019adopter une perspective \u00e0 long terme tout en progressant par \u00e9tapes, de comprendre les racines du probl\u00e8me que l\u2019on cherche \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre et d\u2019\u00eatre pr\u00eat \u00e0 saisir les opportunit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au regard des donn\u00e9es disponibles, il est frappant de constater combien peu de programmes fonciers \u2014 ceux qui se concentrent sur les droits, l\u2019enregistrement et la formalisation \u2014 ont examin\u00e9, voire reconnu, les leviers politiques et \u00e9conomiques du changement. Une r\u00e9cente note<\/a> de la DSU consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuation des programmes fonciers a constat\u00e9 que seulement 11 % d\u2019entre eux \u00e9valuaient les strat\u00e9gies de mise en \u0153uvre des projets et les facteurs contextuels influen\u00e7ant les r\u00e9sultats. Bien que l\u2019analyse ait trouv\u00e9 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments solides montrant que l\u2019attribution de titres fonciers renfor\u00e7ait la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des droits fonciers, tr\u00e8s peu d\u2019analyses portaient sur les \u00ab approches [\u2026] les mieux adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 la r\u00e9ussite des r\u00e9formes \u00bb<\/em>. L\u2019\u00e9tude plus large<\/a> a \u00e9galement constat\u00e9 que la plupart des r\u00e9sultats des projets \u00e9taient document\u00e9s au niveau des m\u00e9nages ou des communaut\u00e9s plut\u00f4t qu\u2019au niveau national ou institutionnel. Les \u00e9valuations accordaient peu d\u2019attention aux m\u00e9canismes causaux, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie politique, aux processus de r\u00e9forme de la gouvernance ou aux liens intersectoriels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019analyse souligne \u00e9galement les limites des \u00e9valuations d\u2019impact quantitatives rigoureuses lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019agit de comprendre des \u00ab r\u00e9formes complexes de la gouvernance, d\u00e9pendantes du contexte \u00bb<\/em>. Les auteurs estiment que ces r\u00e9formes sont mieux appr\u00e9hend\u00e9es au moyen d\u2019\u00ab approches fond\u00e9es sur la th\u00e9orie, r\u00e9alistes et faisant appel \u00e0 des m\u00e9thodes mixtes \u00bb<\/em>, en particulier lorsque l\u2019objectif est d\u2019influencer les politiques publiques plut\u00f4t que de financer l\u2019attribution de titres fonciers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Implications pour Landscape Alliance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les travaux de la DSU sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie politique contribuent \u00e0 mieux comprendre et \u00e0 soutenir la gouvernance fonci\u00e8re conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie<\/a> 2025\u20132035 de Landscape Alliance, qui affirme que le changement n\u00e9cessite de \u00ab comprendre les relations de pouvoir \u00e0 travers des approches d\u2019\u00e9conomie politique et d\u2019\u00e9cologie politique, afin de cr\u00e9er les conditions favorables au changement d\u2019\u00e9chelle des solutions ayant un impact et de soutenir une transformation \u00e0 long terme \u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les recherches sur les r\u00e9gimes fonciers et la gouvernance fonci\u00e8re, lorsqu\u2019elles sont ancr\u00e9es dans les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s locales et co-construites avec les partenaires, peuvent contribuer \u00e0 garantir, dans la dur\u00e9e, les droits et les moyens de subsistance des peuples autochtones, des communaut\u00e9s locales et des petits exploitants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans le contexte actuel de \u00ab post-aide \u00bb, l\u2019identification de solutions strat\u00e9giques adapt\u00e9es au contexte n\u00e9cessite de comprendre les obstacles et les opportunit\u00e9s politiques et \u00e9conomiques, ainsi qu\u2019un engagement \u00e0 long terme aupr\u00e8s des partenaires pr\u00e9sents sur le terrain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Remerciements<\/strong><\/em><\/mark><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour davantage d\u2019analyses et de publications de la DSU, consultez sa <\/em>page d\u00e9di\u00e9e<\/em><\/a> sur le site de la Land Portal Foundation. Parmi les ressources recommand\u00e9es figurent la <\/em>s\u00e9rie de blogs<\/em><\/a> Ground Rules et un <\/em>article<\/em><\/a> r\u00e9cent d\u2019Esther Obaikol consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la gouvernance fonci\u00e8re dans les situations fragiles et touch\u00e9es par les conflits (FCAS).<\/em><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

De 2024 \u00e0 2026, Landscape Alliance a \u00e9t\u00e9 partenaire de l\u2019<\/em>Unit\u00e9 d\u2019appui \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision (DSU) du Land Facility<\/em><\/a>, financ\u00e9e par le <\/em>Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) du gouvernement britannique<\/em><\/a>. Le Land Facility fournit un appui technique aux gouvernements nationaux qui s\u2019attaquent aux d\u00e9fis li\u00e9s \u00e0 la gouvernance fonci\u00e8re. Dirig\u00e9e par <\/em>Abt Global Britain<\/em><\/a>, la DSU a soutenu la prise de d\u00e9cision adaptative gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la production et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9change de connaissances, \u00e0 l\u2019analyse d\u2019\u00e9conomie politique et \u00e0 des approches d\u2019apprentissage destin\u00e9es \u00e0 favoriser une gestion adaptative.<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

approches paysag\u00e8res<\/a>, <\/span>communaut\u00e9s locales<\/a>, <\/span>gouvernance fonci\u00e8re<\/a>, <\/span>Land Facility<\/a>, <\/span>Landscape Alliance<\/a>, <\/span>local communities<\/a>, <\/span>Peuples autochtones<\/a>, <\/span>r\u00e9gime foncier<\/a>, <\/span>Unit\u00e9 d’aide \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La gouvernance fonci\u00e8re et les approches paysag\u00e8res sont indissociables. \u00c0 partir des enseignements de la Land Facility, Anne Larson et Daniella Silva expliquent pourquoi une bonne compr\u00e9hension des dynamiques politiques, une recherche qui s\u2019adapte aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du terrain et des partenariats \u00e0 long terme sont n\u00e9cessaires pour garantir les droits fonciers, soutenir les moyens de subsistance et p\u00e9renniser les r\u00e9formes au-del\u00e0 de la dur\u00e9e des projets.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":196,"featured_media":161938,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12111,12051,12056],"tags":[13746,11569,13744,13340,13049,1637,12915,9601,13743],"language":[2168],"location":[12217],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[12379],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[2214,10007],"class_list":["post-164078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news-fr","category-gestion-et-restauration-forestiere","category-paysages","tag-approches-paysageres","tag-communautes-locales","tag-gouvernance-fonciere","tag-land-facility","tag-landscape-alliance","tag-local-communities","tag-peuples-autochtones","tag-regime-foncier","tag-unite-daide-a-la-decision","language-english","location-global","type-english-analysis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPourquoi la gouvernance fonci\u00e8re est au c\u0153ur d\u2019une approche paysag\u00e8re - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La gouvernance fonci\u00e8re et les approches paysag\u00e8res n\u00e9cessitent une compr\u00e9hension des enjeux politiques, des partenariats capables de s\u2019adapter et un engagement durable pour garantir les droits et p\u00e9renniser les r\u00e9formes au-del\u00e0 des projets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/164078\/governance-fonciere-approches-paysageres\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pourquoi la gouvernance fonci\u00e8re est au c\u0153ur d\u2019une approche paysag\u00e8re\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La gouvernance fonci\u00e8re et les approches paysag\u00e8res n\u00e9cessitent une compr\u00e9hension des enjeux politiques, des partenariats capables de s\u2019adapter et un engagement durable pour garantir les droits et p\u00e9renniser les r\u00e9formes au-del\u00e0 des projets.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/164078\/governance-fonciere-approches-paysageres\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-10-08T08:17:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/26658621359_c537e0f7e0_k.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2047\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1364\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Anne M. 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