{"id":162676,"date":"2026-08-18T00:22:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T17:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/162676\/the-bumpy-road-to-community-conservation-in-papua-new-guinea"},"modified":"2026-08-18T06:33:55","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T23:33:55","slug":"les-tribulations-de-la-conservation-communautaire-en-papouasie-nouvelle-guinee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/162676\/les-tribulations-de-la-conservation-communautaire-en-papouasie-nouvelle-guinee","title":{"rendered":"Les tribulations de la conservation communautaire en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin\u00e9e"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Le plateau de Managalas en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin\u00e9e pr\u00e9sente une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 impressionnante de cr\u00e9atures exceptionnelles qui sont menac\u00e9es, notamment le paradisier de Raggi au plumage de couleur p\u00eache [Paradisaea raggiana<\/em>], de bizarres \u00e9chidn\u00e9s \u00e0 long bec [Zaglossus attenboroughi]<\/em>, et les plus grands papillons du monde [Ornithoptera alexandrae<\/em>].<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est donc facile d\u2019imaginer pourquoi ce plateau de 215 000 hectares de la province d\u2019Oro, coinc\u00e9 entre les montagnes escarp\u00e9es et la c\u00f4te nord-ouest de l\u2019\u00eele principale, a attir\u00e9 l\u2019attention des scientifiques et des sp\u00e9cialistes de la conservation \u2013 surtout que les exploitants forestiers, les compagnies mini\u00e8res et les planteurs de palmier \u00e0 huile s\u2019int\u00e9ressent de pr\u00e8s \u00e0 cette r\u00e9gion<\/span> fertile et dot\u00e9e de richesses min\u00e9rales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2017, apr\u00e8s 30 ans de mobilisation de la part des communaut\u00e9s du plateau \u2013 avec la collaboration de l\u2019ONG locale Partnerships with Melanesians (PWM), et un financement de la Rainforest Foundation of Norway \u2013 elle fut class\u00e9e zone de conservation : c\u2019est la plus vaste du pays \u00e0 ce jour.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais que signifie vraiment la conservation pour les communaut\u00e9s de Managalas ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans un pays o\u00f9 pr\u00e8s de 40 % de la population vit en-dessous du seuil de pauvret\u00e9, et o\u00f9 80 % d\u00e9pendent de l\u2019agriculture de subsistance, il est indispensable de faire les bons choix en mati\u00e8re d\u2019utilisation des terres : pour les moyens de subsistance \u00e0 court terme comme pour la durabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 long terme. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Plateau de Managalas. Photo: William Unsworth\/CIFOR-ICRAF<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cependant compte tenu de l\u2019isolement de Managalas \u2013 la seule route permettant de sortir de la r\u00e9gion est en mauvais \u00e9tat et souvent impraticable, et les trois pistes d\u2019aviation du plateau \u00e9tant presque hors service \u2013 la cr\u00e9ation de voies de communication effectives vers les grands march\u00e9s pour les cultures de rente est une t\u00e2che compliqu\u00e9e<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La r\u00e9solution de ce probl\u00e8me est devenue urgente depuis que la zone de conservation de Managalas a perdu son financement apr\u00e8s le classement de la r\u00e9gion. \u00ab Comme il n\u2019y a pas de plan de gestion de la conservation, l\u2019absence d\u2019activit\u00e9s n\u2019est pas constat\u00e9e, et surtout, il n\u2019y a aucun suivi. Les d\u00e9fenseurs de la cause ne sont donc pas en mesure de rendre compte de la situation de la conservation \u00bb, d\u00e9clare William Unsworth, chef de projet et responsable pays du Centre de recherche foresti\u00e8re internationale et du Centre international de recherche en agroforesterie (CIFOR-ICRAF<\/a>) en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin\u00e9e. \u00ab [La zone de conservation] vient d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9clar\u00e9e, mais une personne venant de l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur a l\u2019impression que rien n\u2019a chang\u00e9. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u2019est l\u00e0 que CIFOR-ICRAF arrive \u00e0 la rescousse. En 2021, au sommet climat de la COP26 \u00e0 Glasgow, cette organisation a sign\u00e9, dans le cadre de son programme Resilient Landscapes, un protocole d\u2019accord<\/a> avec Gary Juffa, gouverneur de la province d\u2019Oro, pour amorcer la mise en place d\u2019une action de conservation communautaire v\u00e9ritablement ascendante en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin\u00e9e, avec Managalas comme zone pilote. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Des membres de la communaut\u00e9 de Managalas en tenue traditionnelle. Photos: CIFOR-ICRAF<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Financ\u00e9 par l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne dans le cadre de son programme s\u2019inscrivant au croisement de la foresterie, du changement climatique et de la biodiversit\u00e9 (EU-FCCB<\/a>), le projet<\/a> a vocation \u00e0 accompagner les communaut\u00e9s de Managalas dans leur vision d\u2019un d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique durable dans un paysage forestier.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet comporte actuellement des activit\u00e9s comme le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un m\u00e9canisme de financement pour la gestion de la zone de conservation, l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des liaisons vers les march\u00e9s pour l\u2019agriculture, la recherche de produits forestiers qui pourraient \u00eatre ramass\u00e9s et g\u00e9r\u00e9s de fa\u00e7on durable, et l\u2019\u00e9ducation \u00e0 l\u2019environnement dans les \u00e9coles.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Il a fallu si longtemps pour obtenir le classement de la zone de conservation que les personnes qui ont conduit ce processus vieillissent ou sont d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9es, et les jeunes g\u00e9n\u00e9rations se sentent moins concern\u00e9es par le concept de conservation \u00bb, explique  Unsworth. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Nous craignons de voir l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat pour cette question s\u2019\u00e9teindre au fur et \u00e0 mesure que les anciens disparaissent. C\u2019est la raison pour laquelle nous avons cr\u00e9\u00e9 un nouvel enseignement : nous esp\u00e9rons inspirer la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration qui est actuellement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole afin qu\u2019elle s\u2019inscrive dans cette vision de la conservation. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si le projet cible actuellement Managalas, l\u2019\u00e9quipe esp\u00e8re le reproduire ailleurs en cas de r\u00e9ussite. \u00ab \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019un investissement d\u2019une certaine ampleur sur une zone assez restreinte, nous pourrions vraiment enregistrer quelques progr\u00e8s significatifs vers un mod\u00e8le durable de conservation communautaire en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin\u00e9e \u00bb, poursuit  Unsworth. \u00ab Et si nous r\u00e9ussissons, le projet pourra ensuite \u00eatre dupliqu\u00e9 dans la province, et finalement \u00e9tendu \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble du pays. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Consid\u00e9rant que la Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin\u00e9e ne poss\u00e8de pas moins de 6 % de la biodiversit\u00e9 terrestre connue et que le volume de carbone pi\u00e9g\u00e9 dans ses for\u00eats primaires encore pr\u00e9sentes est consid\u00e9rable, ces actions pourraient avoir un int\u00e9r\u00eat mondial pour la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 et l\u2019att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, pour en arriver l\u00e0, le chemin ressemblera sans doute \u00e0 ce que font les visiteurs pour parvenir \u00e0 Managalas : avancer lentement, avec prudence, sur une route sinueuse en relief difficile.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Pour en savoir plus sur ce projet, contacter William Unsworth (CIFOR-ICRAF) : <\/em>w.unsworth@cifor-icraf.org<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le plateau de Managalas en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin\u00e9e pr\u00e9sente une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 impressionnante de cr\u00e9atures exceptionnelles qui sont menac\u00e9es, notamment le paradisier de Raggi au plumage de couleur p\u00eache [Paradisaea raggiana], de bizarres \u00e9chidn\u00e9s \u00e0 long bec [Zaglossus attenboroughi], et les plus grands papillons du monde [Ornithoptera alexandrae]. Il est donc facile d\u2019imaginer pourquoi ce plateau de 215 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":264,"featured_media":145001,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12111,12051,12056],"tags":[13159,12542,13438,13440],"language":[2170],"location":[13439],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7144],"class_list":["post-162676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news-fr","category-gestion-et-restauration-forestiere","category-paysages","tag-biodiversite","tag-changement-climatique","tag-landscape","tag-paysage","language-francais","location-papua-nugini"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes tribulations de la conservation communautaire en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin\u00e9e - 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