{"id":16232,"date":"2013-05-20T11:48:18","date_gmt":"2013-05-20T04:48:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=16232"},"modified":"2015-08-24T15:38:49","modified_gmt":"2015-08-24T08:38:49","slug":"la-pluie-autre-bienfait-des-forets-du-bassin-du-congo-apres-le-stockage-du-carbone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/16232\/la-pluie-autre-bienfait-des-forets-du-bassin-du-congo-apres-le-stockage-du-carbone","title":{"rendered":"La pluie, autre bienfait des for\u00eats du bassin du Congo apr\u00e8s le stockage du carbone"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Sin<\/a>
Sans les vastes for\u00eats du Bassin du Congo, le syst\u00e8me de pr\u00e9cipitations serait gravement interrompu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les r\u00e9ponses au changement climatique se classent en deux grandes cat\u00e9gories : l’att\u00e9nuation (c’est-\u00e0-dire la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre responsables du changement climatique) et l’adaptation (c’est-\u00e0-dire l’adaptation des moyens de subsistance et des styles de vie aux effets des changements climatiques). Parmi les strat\u00e9gies d’adaptation, il y\u2019a une qui s’appuie sur les ressources naturelles et la biodiversit\u00e9 et qui concerne les communaut\u00e9s vuln\u00e9rables : l’adaptation fond\u00e9e sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes (EBA). Dans ce contexte, des \u00e9tudes r\u00e9centes soulignent le r\u00f4le des for\u00eats du bassin du Congo dans la gen\u00e8se des pr\u00e9cipitations, au plan r\u00e9gional comme \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle du continent.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dans un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me, les pr\u00e9cipitations proviennent de trois sources principales : de l’humidit\u00e9 pr\u00e9sente dans l’atmosph\u00e8re, de l’humidit\u00e9 venant des r\u00e9gions avoisinantes et de l’\u00e9vapotranspiration des surfaces se trouvant dans l’\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me (for\u00eats et autres paysages). <\/span><\/span><\/span>Pokam <\/span><\/span><\/span>et al<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span>. ont \u00e9tudi\u00e9 le climat du bassin du Congo qui est principalement le r\u00e9sultat de l’humidit\u00e9 provenant de l’oc\u00e9an Atlantique et du cycle de l’\u00e9vapotranspiration. <\/span><\/span><\/span>Des travaux pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span> <\/span>avaient permis de d\u00e9couvrir que les for\u00eats tropicales comme celles du bassin du Congo peuvent transpirer jusqu’\u00e0 un ou deux m\u00e8tres d’eau par an. D’autre part, d’apr\u00e8s <\/span><\/span><\/span>Makarieva <\/span><\/span><\/span>et al<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span>.<\/span>, la couverture foresti\u00e8re de la r\u00e9gion fait office de pompe, en attirant vers l’int\u00e9rieur du continent l’humidit\u00e9 de l’oc\u00e9an qui va se transformer en pr\u00e9cipitations dans cette r\u00e9gion.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Consid\u00e9rant le r\u00f4le des for\u00eats dans le r\u00e9gime des pr\u00e9cipitations, <\/span><\/span><\/span>Nogherotto <\/span><\/span><\/span>et al<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span>.<\/span> ont explor\u00e9 l’impact de la d\u00e9forestation dans le bassin du Congo sur les cycles hydrologiques r\u00e9gionaux, et notamment les r\u00e9percussions sur la mousson africaine. Ils ont donc mod\u00e9lis\u00e9 deux sc\u00e9narios diff\u00e9rents pour les comparer : l’un avec un bassin du Congo recouvert de for\u00eat et l’autre d\u00e9bois\u00e9 (c’est-\u00e0-dire qu’ils ont mod\u00e9lis\u00e9 une situation o\u00f9 la couverture foresti\u00e8re se transforme en tapis herbac\u00e9 assez bas). Leurs conclusions indiquent que la d\u00e9forestation dans le bassin du Congo se r\u00e9percuterait sur les pr\u00e9cipitations au Sahel et en Afrique \u00e9quatoriale australe.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ces \u00e9tudes montrent toutes les trois le r\u00f4le de pompe assur\u00e9 par le bassin du Congo qui absorbe l’humidit\u00e9 provenant de l’oc\u00e9an Atlantique comme l’eau du sol et du sous-sol. Toute cette eau, en s’additionnant \u00e0 la vapeur d’eau de l’atmosph\u00e8re finit par g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des pr\u00e9cipitations localement et dans toute la r\u00e9gion au sens large. Si les \u00e9tendues foresti\u00e8res du bassin du Congo venaient \u00e0 dispara\u00eetre, ce processus serait s\u00e9rieusement perturb\u00e9. D’autre part, ces travaux mettent en exergue d’autres fonctions importantes de ces for\u00eats comme au-del\u00e0 de la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 et l’att\u00e9nuation des effets du changement climatique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les donn\u00e9es scientifiques qui s’accumulent confirment les multiples r\u00f4les jou\u00e9s par les for\u00eats du bassin du Congo \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelon r\u00e9gional, continental et mondial, et constituent des arguments de poids en faveur de la conservation des for\u00eats, d’une bonne gestion foresti\u00e8re et de la diversification des sources de revenus. Compte tenu que les for\u00eats du bassin du Congo sont \u00e0 l’origine des pluies, leur pr\u00e9servation pourrait bien \u00eatre l’un des piliers de la strat\u00e9gie EBA visant \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux probl\u00e8mes du changement climatique dans une grande partie de l’Afrique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Denis Sonwa est un scientifique du Programme For\u00eats et Environnement du CIFOR. Il peut \u00eatre contact\u00e9 sur d.sonwa@cgiar.org<\/a>.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les r\u00e9ponses au changement climatique se classent en deux grandes cat\u00e9gories : l’att\u00e9nuation (c’est-\u00e0-dire la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre responsables du changement climatique) et l’adaptation (c’est-\u00e0-dire l’adaptation des moyens de subsistance et des styles de vie aux effets des changements climatiques). Parmi les strat\u00e9gies d’adaptation, il y\u2019a une qui s’appuie […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":87,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,180],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2999],"coauthors":[873],"class_list":["post-16232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-mitigating-climate-change","language-francais","type-francais-analyses"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa pluie, autre bienfait des for\u00eats du bassin du Congo apr\u00e8s le stockage du carbone - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/16232\/la-pluie-autre-bienfait-des-forets-du-bassin-du-congo-apres-le-stockage-du-carbone\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La pluie, autre bienfait des for\u00eats du bassin du Congo apr\u00e8s le stockage du carbone\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les r\u00e9ponses au changement climatique se classent en deux grandes cat\u00e9gories : l’att\u00e9nuation (c’est-\u00e0-dire la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre responsables du changement climatique) et l’adaptation (c’est-\u00e0-dire l’adaptation des moyens de subsistance et des styles de vie aux effets des changements climatiques). 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