{"id":161973,"date":"2026-07-31T09:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-31T02:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/161973\/wood-bioeconomy-transition-opportunities-challenges"},"modified":"2026-07-30T22:37:30","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T15:37:30","slug":"le-bois-dans-la-transition-vers-la-bioeconomie-opportunites-et-defis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/161973\/le-bois-dans-la-transition-vers-la-bioeconomie-opportunites-et-defis","title":{"rendered":"Le bois dans la transition vers la bio\u00e9conomie : naviguer entre opportunit\u00e9s et d\u00e9fis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

[Note de la r\u00e9daction : cet article refl\u00e8te le point de vue personnel de son auteur.]<\/em><\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 mesure que nous op\u00e9rons la transition indispensable d\u2019une \u00e9conomie fond\u00e9e sur les combustibles fossiles vers un mod\u00e8le plus durable, la bio\u00e9conomie appara\u00eet comme une voie particuli\u00e8rement prometteuse. Dans cette transformation, le bois s\u2019impose comme une ressource essentielle : renouvelable, polyvalente, capable de stocker le carbone et d\u2019alimenter la mutation de nombreux secteurs, de la construction au textile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le mat\u00e9riau de construction id\u00e9al offert par la nature<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u200b\u200bAujourd\u2019hui, le bois n\u2019est plus seulement un mat\u00e9riau de charpente : il est devenu un mat\u00e9riau moderne qui stimule l\u2019innovation dans de multiples industries. Dans le secteur de la construction, les produits en bois d\u2019ing\u00e9nierie, tels que le bois massif et le bois lamell\u00e9-crois\u00e9, constituent des alternatives \u00e0 faible empreinte carbone \u00e0 l\u2019acier et au b\u00e9ton. Ces solutions permettent non seulement de r\u00e9duire consid\u00e9rablement les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, mais aussi d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les performances thermiques des b\u00e2timents. Les b\u00e2timents en bois atteignent ainsi de nouveaux sommets, tant au sens propre qu\u2019en termes d\u2019ambition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A Lire Egalement<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Four visions of 2050, one forest<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dans le domaine de la science des mat\u00e9riaux, les avanc\u00e9es r\u00e9alis\u00e9es dans les composites de nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, les textiles \u00e0 base de p\u00e2te de bois, la nano cellulose, les d\u00e9riv\u00e9s de la lignine et m\u00eame les composants en bois destin\u00e9s aux satellites \u00e9largissent sans cesse les possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019utilisation du bois. En mati\u00e8re de biochimie et de bio\u00e9nergie, le bois devient une mati\u00e8re premi\u00e8re essentielle pour produire des carburants renouvelables et des produits chimiques verts, contribuant ainsi \u00e0 remplacer les intrants issus des \u00e9nergies fossiles. Son potentiel est immense et ne rel\u00e8ve plus de la simple th\u00e9orie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Du bois est transport\u00e9 le long de la rivi\u00e8re Arajuno, en \u00c9quateur. Photo : Tomas Munita \/ CIFOR-ICRAF<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Le march\u00e9 des textiles cellulosiques devrait presque doubler, passant de 35,2 milliards de dollars am\u00e9ricains en 2020 \u00e0 70,1 milliards de dollars d\u2019ici 2030. De m\u00eame, le march\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9nergie issue de la biomasse ligneuse pourrait progresser de 55,3 milliards de dollars \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 99 milliards de dollars sur la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode. Il ne s\u2019agit pas de simples \u00e9volutions marginales, mais bien des signes d\u2019une profonde reconfiguration de l\u2019\u00e9conomie des mat\u00e9riaux, \u00e0 mesure que les industries reconnaissent la polyvalence du bois et ses avantages environnementaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019argument climatique est tout aussi convaincant. L\u2019utilisation d\u2019une tonne de bois dans la construction permet d\u2019\u00e9viter environ 2,2 tonnes d\u2019\u00e9missions de CO\u2082 par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation de ciment Portland. Le bois lamell\u00e9-crois\u00e9 (CLT) n\u2019\u00e9met qu\u2019environ 100 kg de CO\u2082 par m\u00e8tre cube, contre 2 800 kg pour l\u2019acier et 410 kg pour le b\u00e9ton.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ampleur de la demande future<\/strong> <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u200b\u200b\u200bMais avec les opportunit\u00e9s vient aussi un sentiment d\u2019urgence. Si le bois doit devenir le pilier de la transition vers la bio\u00e9conomie, une question essentielle s\u2019impose : d\u2019o\u00f9 viendra tout ce bois ?<\/strong>\u200b\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2020, la consommation mondiale de bois s\u2019\u00e9levait \u00e0 environ 4,2 milliards de m\u00e8tres cubes, r\u00e9partis entre les usages industriels et la bio\u00e9nergie. Les pays du Nord consomment nettement plus de bois rond industriel par habitant que ceux du Sud, tandis que les pays du Sud d\u00e9pendent fortement du bois comme source d\u2019\u00e9nergie domestique, souvent dans des syst\u00e8mes \u00e0 faible rendement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans les pays du Nord, le bois rond industriel est principalement utilis\u00e9 pour produire du bois d\u2019\u0153uvre sci\u00e9, des panneaux et du papier. \u00c0 l\u2019inverse, dans les pays du Sud, environ 85 % du bois est utilis\u00e9 comme combustible domestique, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement dans des syst\u00e8mes dont le rendement \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique n\u2019atteint que 10 \u00e0 20 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Bois de chauffage stock\u00e9 au Kenya. Photo : Anthony Ochieng \/ CIFOR-ICRAF<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Le bois est utilis\u00e9 pour la cuisson dans un m\u00e9nage en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo. Photo : Axel Fassio \/ CIFOR-ICRAF<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l\u2019horizon 2050, un sc\u00e9nario de \u00ab statu quo \u00bb pr\u00e9voit une augmentation de la demande mondiale de bois \u00e0 environ 4,9 milliards de m\u00e8tres cubes, principalement sous l\u2019effet de la croissance d\u00e9mographique dans les pays du Sud. Toutefois, si l\u2019on ajoute l\u2019expansion attendue de la bio\u00e9conomie, les syst\u00e8mes d\u2019approvisionnement subiront une pression consid\u00e9rable. Les estimations indiquent qu\u2019il faudra produire 1,5 \u00e0 2,5 milliards de m\u00e8tres cubes suppl\u00e9mentaires par an d\u2019ici \u00e0 2050, principalement pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande croissante en mat\u00e9riaux de construction, en bio\u00e9nergie, en produits biochimiques et en textiles. Au total, la demande mondiale \u2014 en combinant le sc\u00e9nario de statu quo et la croissance de la bio\u00e9conomie \u2014 pourrait d\u00e9passer les 7 milliards de m\u00e8tres cubes d\u2019ici le milieu du si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9pondre \u00e0 cette demande croissante exigera une approche \u00e0 plusieurs volets, allant bien au-del\u00e0 des for\u00eats d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9di\u00e9es \u00e0 la production de bois. Il faudra mobiliser un ensemble plus large de solutions durables. Parmi les pistes envisageables figurent l\u2019am\u00e9lioration durable des rendements dans les for\u00eats de production existantes, l\u2019expansion des plantations foresti\u00e8res (qui pourrait n\u00e9cessiter 120 \u00e0 150 millions d\u2019hectares suppl\u00e9mentaires), le d\u00e9veloppement du potentiel des syst\u00e8mes agroforestiers, l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9, notamment dans l\u2019utilisation de la bio\u00e9nergie, ainsi que la restauration des terres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es pour la production de bois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A Lire Egalement <\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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When livelihoods connect: Protecting forests through circular bioeconomies in the Yangambi landscape<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, chacune de ces solutions comporte son lot de d\u00e9fis. La concurrence pour l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux terres \u2014 notamment avec la production alimentaire, la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9, la gestion des ressources en eau et, surtout, le respect des droits fonciers des peuples autochtones et des communaut\u00e9s locales \u2014 devra \u00eatre soigneusement prise en compte. En outre, il sera indispensable de limiter les risques environnementaux li\u00e9s \u00e0 une intensification de l\u2019exploitation du bois, notamment la d\u00e9forestation, la d\u00e9gradation des sols, la pollution de l\u2019eau, tout en veillant \u00e0 ce que les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices en mati\u00e8re de stockage du carbone soient r\u00e9els et v\u00e9rifiables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Une exploitation caf\u00e9i\u00e8re agroforesti\u00e8re \u00e0 Yangambi, en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo. Photo : Axel Fassio \/ CIFOR-ICRAF<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Un appel en faveur de solutions durables et \u00e9quitables<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u200b\u200bUne bio\u00e9conomie fond\u00e9e sur le bois n\u00e9cessitera des cadres politiques solides ainsi qu\u2019un engagement ferme en faveur de la durabilit\u00e9. Cela implique notamment la mise en place de syst\u00e8mes de certification obligatoires et le renforcement de la surveillance des for\u00eats, l\u2019arr\u00eat de la d\u00e9forestation et la protection des for\u00eats primaires, l\u2019int\u00e9gration du carbone forestier dans les m\u00e9canismes de tarification, le renforcement de la gouvernance et l\u2019harmonisation des normes de durabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle internationale, la reconnaissance juridique des droits des communaut\u00e9s locales et un partage \u00e9quitable des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices, ainsi que des investissements destin\u00e9s \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les pertes tout au long des cha\u00eenes de valeur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La transition vers une bio\u00e9conomie offre d\u2019immenses perspectives, le bois en constituant l\u2019un des principaux piliers. Toutefois, nous avons la responsabilit\u00e9 de conduire cette transition avec discernement. Nous avons besoin de davantage de for\u00eats et d\u2019arbres, g\u00e9r\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re durable et \u00e9quitable. Nous avons \u00e9galement le devoir moral de rester optimistes et de contribuer activement \u00e0 b\u00e2tir un avenir dans lequel les for\u00eats et les paysages am\u00e9liorent \u00e0 la fois la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019environnement et le bien-\u00eatre des populations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[Note de la r\u00e9daction : cet article refl\u00e8te le point de vue personnel de son auteur.] \u00c0 mesure que nous op\u00e9rons la transition indispensable d\u2019une \u00e9conomie fond\u00e9e sur les combustibles fossiles vers un mod\u00e8le plus durable, la bio\u00e9conomie appara\u00eet comme une voie particuli\u00e8rement prometteuse. Dans cette transformation, le bois s\u2019impose comme une ressource essentielle : […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":85,"featured_media":158019,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12103,12111,12051,12099],"tags":[11782,13351,13350,11587,13349,13348],"language":[2170],"location":[12217],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[12379,2432],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[851],"class_list":["post-161973","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-foresterie-communautaire","category-forests-news-fr","category-gestion-et-restauration-forestiere","category-gouvernance","tag-bioeconomie","tag-bois","tag-bois-doeuvre","tag-developpement-durable","tag-foretserie","tag-produits-forestiers","language-francais","location-global","type-english-analysis","type-english-feature"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWood in the bioeconomy transition: Opportunities and challenges<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le bois s'impose comme un mat\u00e9riau cl\u00e9 de la bio\u00e9conomie, de la construction aux textiles et \u00e0 la bio\u00e9nergie. 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