{"id":16190,"date":"2013-05-24T06:43:16","date_gmt":"2013-05-23T23:43:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=16190"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:25:09","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:25:09","slug":"les-forets-de-rdc-la-legislation-nest-quune-partie-de-la-solution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/16190\/les-forets-de-rdc-la-legislation-nest-quune-partie-de-la-solution","title":{"rendered":"Les for\u00eats de RDC: la l\u00e9gislation n’est qu’une partie de la solution"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"The<\/a>
La RDC a fait des efforts importants pour mettre de l’ordre dans sa l\u00e9gislation foresti\u00e8re. Mais l’application de ces r\u00e8gles sur le terrain n\u00e9cessite de s\u00e9rieuses am\u00e9liorations. Ollivier Girard\/CIFOR<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La l\u00e9gislation<\/a>* adopt\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies pour ralentir la perte de for\u00eats en <\/span><\/span>R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) est innovante, mais son<\/span><\/span> application reste un d\u00e9fi selon un nouveau rapport<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Publi\u00e9 aujourd’hui, la nouvelle publication<\/a> du <\/span><\/span>CIFOR*<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> et du <\/span><\/span>Conseil pour la D\u00e9fense Environnementale par la L\u00e9galit\u00e9 et la Tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> (CODELT) bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Kinshasa analyse le cadre l\u00e9gal de gouvernance de la seconde plus grande for\u00eat tropicale mondiale.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Elle estime que la RDC a fait un effort majeur pour mettre de l’ordre dans sa l\u00e9gislation.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En 2002, le <\/span><\/span>Code<\/a> forestier*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u2013 premier effort du gouvernement pour d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle vison de la gestion des ressources foresti\u00e8res \u2013 a remplac\u00e9 les r\u00e8gles et r\u00e9gulations de l’\u00e8re coloniale, et a \u00e9tabli le socle d’une gestion foresti\u00e8re durable et socialement responsable.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab C’est un bel instrument \u00bb, dit Augustin Mpoyi, directeur ex\u00e9cutif du CODELT et un des auteurs de la nouvelle \u00e9tude.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Cela apporte des titres forestiers aux communaut\u00e9s locales, ce qui est tr\u00e8s innovant; les licences commerciales doivent passer par des appels d’offre; l’organisation du partage des revenus; et des r\u00e8gles d’application ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es. \u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mais il ajoute que l’application de ces r\u00e8glementations sur le terrain n\u00e9cessite des am\u00e9liorations importantes. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le programme de l’ONU <\/span><\/span>R\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions li\u00e9es au d\u00e9boisement et \u00e0 la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>, ou REDD+, essaie depuis 2005 de trouver des moyens pour r\u00e9mun\u00e9rer les pays en d\u00e9veloppement d’Afrique, d’Asie et d’Am\u00e9rique Latine pour conserver leurs for\u00eats debout. Les arbres renferment du carbone, qui est rel\u00e2ch\u00e9 quand ils sont coup\u00e9s ou br\u00fbl\u00e9s. La d\u00e9forestation provoque plus d’\u00e9missions annuelles mondiales de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre que <\/span><\/span>les \u00e9missions provenant de l’ensemble du secteur des transports<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La RDC, avec ses nouvelles r\u00e8glementations, est un candidat id\u00e9al pour REDD+ selon l’\u00e9tude. Le Code forestier vise aussi \u00e0 conserver 15% des 1,5 million de km2 de zone foresti\u00e8re nationale et la participation de tous les intervenants dans la gestion de ces ressources; une <\/span><\/span>revue d\u00e9taill\u00e9e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> des permis d’abattages a provoqu\u00e9 l’interdiction de certaines soci\u00e9t\u00e9s; et le gouvernement a <\/span><\/span>ratifi\u00e9 28 conventions internationales environnementales<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Mais malheureusement \u00bb, dit Mpoyi, \u00ab l’application de beaucoup de ces politiques a \u00e9t\u00e9 min\u00e9e de probl\u00e8mes. \u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mpoyi et ses coll\u00e8gues mettent en garde contre <\/span><\/span>la corruption de l\u2019administration congolaise<\/a>, qui pr\u00e9sente des risques quant \u00e0 la gestion des fonds et autres b\u00e9n\u00e9fices tir\u00e9s du programme REDD+. La RDC figure en bas de l’Indice de perception de la corruption de Transparency International<\/a>, au 164\u00e8me rang sur 178 pays. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dans le m\u00eame temps, les bureaux gouvernementaux charg\u00e9s de la gestion foresti\u00e8re sont \u00ab sous-financ\u00e9s, manquent de personnel et ont besoin d’experts dot\u00e9s de comp\u00e9tences professionnelles \u00e0 jour \u00bb, dit Th\u00e9odore Trefon, un expert des affaires congolaises du Mus\u00e9e Royal pour l’Afrique Centrale de Tervuren, en Belgique. Ils leur manque aussi un syst\u00e8me de gestion des donn\u00e9es et des \u00e9quipements basiques comme des t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et des ordinateurs, dit-il.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Bien que le gouvernement ait cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 regagner sa l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, apr\u00e8s des d\u00e9cennies de guerre, l’administration a du mal \u00e0 constituer les forces n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l’application de la loi.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Les auteurs du rapport sont d’accord. \u00ab Bien que le gouvernement ait cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 regagner sa l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, apr\u00e8s des d\u00e9cennies de guerre, l’administration a du mal \u00e0 constituer les forces n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l’application de la loi \u00bb, \u00e9crivent les auteurs. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Comme pr\u00e9vu par l’effort l\u00e9gislatif de d\u00e9centralisation de l’administration congolaise <\/span><\/span>depuis la Constitution <\/span><\/span>de 2006<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>, l’extraction de bois \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle devrait \u00eatre uniquement g\u00e9r\u00e9e par les autorit\u00e9s provinciales, expliquent les auteurs.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mais les mouvements en faveur d’un gouvernement efficace et responsable ont pris du temps \u00e0 se mat\u00e9rialiser, selon Trefon.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Les revenus fiscaux de l’activit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re qui devraient revenir aux communaut\u00e9s demeurent souvent illusoires parce que les exploitants paient leurs taxes au gouvernement central sans tradition de transparence ou de responsabilit\u00e9. \u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cependant, les auteurs du profil de l’\u00e9tat de RDC concluent que l’ensemble des actions que le pays doit prendre pour appliquer REDD+ avec succ\u00e8s pourrait encourager le r\u00e9agencement de principes, de standards et de strat\u00e9gies d’utilisation de la terre, de la foresterie, des mines et de l’agriculture et du d\u00e9veloppement des infrastructures en RDC. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Les acteurs internationaux et les forces nationales doivent assurer le retour de l’ordre public en RDC et \u00e9tablir l’autorit\u00e9 d’un \u00e9tat l\u00e9gitime et d’une paix sociale bas\u00e9s sur des principes d\u00e9mocratiques \u00bb, disent-ils. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’information sur les sujets discut\u00e9s dans cet articles, veuillez contacter Samuel Assembe sur <\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span>s.assembe@cgiar.org<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce travail s\u2019inscrit dans le cadre du <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l\u2019agroforesterie<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/em>avec le soutien du Minist\u00e8re du D\u00e9veloppement International (DFID), AusAid, l’Agence Norv\u00e9gienne pour le D\u00e9veloppement et la Coop\u00e9ration (NORAD) et la Commission europ\u00e9enne. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

* Liens non traduits en fran\u00e7ais<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La l\u00e9gislation* adopt\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies pour ralentir la perte de for\u00eats en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) est innovante, mais son application reste un d\u00e9fi selon un nouveau rapport. Publi\u00e9 aujourd’hui, la nouvelle publication du CIFOR* et du Conseil pour la D\u00e9fense Environnementale par la L\u00e9galit\u00e9 et la Tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 (CODELT) bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Kinshasa analyse […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,137,13,180,151],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1041],"class_list":["post-16190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-forest-management-restoration","category-governance","category-mitigating-climate-change","category-redd-2","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes for\u00eats de RDC: la l\u00e9gislation n'est qu'une partie de la solution - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/16190\/les-forets-de-rdc-la-legislation-nest-quune-partie-de-la-solution\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les for\u00eats de RDC: la l\u00e9gislation n'est qu'une partie de la solution\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La l\u00e9gislation* adopt\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies pour ralentir la perte de for\u00eats en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) est innovante, mais son application reste un d\u00e9fi selon un nouveau rapport. 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