{"id":15855,"date":"2013-05-16T07:11:21","date_gmt":"2013-05-16T00:11:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=15855"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:29:38","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:29:38","slug":"la-redd-peut-elle-etre-moteur-de-changement-en-rdc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/15855\/la-redd-peut-elle-etre-moteur-de-changement-en-rdc","title":{"rendered":"La REDD+ peut-elle \u00eatre moteur de changement en RDC?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"UN<\/a>
L’application du programme de l’ONU pour la r\u00e9duction de la perte de for\u00eats en RDC sera difficile tant que le gouvernement ne s’occupe pas du manque d’autorit\u00e9 de l’\u00e9tat dans certaines r\u00e9gions. Oxfam International<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L’application du programme de l’ONU visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la perte de for\u00eats en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo sera difficile, selon une nouvelle \u00e9tude, \u00e0 moins que le gouvernement ne s’occupe de la corruption, du manque d’autorit\u00e9 de l’\u00e9tat dans certaines r\u00e9gions et des combats sporadiques entre les rebelles et les forces du gouvernement \u00e0 l’Est du pays.<\/span><\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces d\u00e9fis, les auteurs estiment que le programme pourrait en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 am\u00e9liorer la gouvernance dans le pays. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le rapport, <\/span><\/span><\/span>Le contexte de la REDD+ en RDC: causes, agents et institutions<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>, qui sera lanc\u00e9 lors de la <\/span><\/span><\/span>conf\u00e9rence sur la foresterie \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>, au Cameroun cette semaine, inclus un examen approfondis des conditions de gouvernance, socio-\u00e9conomiques et environnementales dans les pays d’Afrique Centrale. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La recherche du CIFOR \u2013 men\u00e9e avec l’organisation non-gouvernementale locale Conseil pour la d\u00e9fense environnementale par la l\u00e9galit\u00e9 et la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 (CODELT) \u2013 comporte \u00e9galement des \u00e9tudes comparatives men\u00e9es dans d’autres pays tropicaux, les <\/span><\/span><\/span>recherches existantes sur la foresterie<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>* et <\/span><\/span><\/span>l’industrie extractive<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> en RDC, des interviews et des observations collect\u00e9es dans le pays en 2011 et 2012. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Vingt ans apr\u00e8s que le pays ait connu une succession de guerres, la RDC a franchi un pas important vers la reconstruction des institutions et le maintien de la stabilit\u00e9. Les organisations demeurent cependant prudentes: l’ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le haut repr\u00e9sentant de l’Union Europ\u00e9enne a qualifi\u00e9 le pays de \u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>fragile<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u201d*. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Derri\u00e8re ce contexte de prudence, on peut esp\u00e9rer que la protection des for\u00eats du Congo attire des aides financi\u00e8res du programme de <\/span><\/span><\/span>R\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions li\u00e9es au d\u00e9boisement et \u00e0 la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> (REDD+),<\/span><\/span><\/span> qui pr\u00e9voit le transfert de fonds des pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s vers les pays en d\u00e9veloppement pour maintenir leurs arbres debout.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les auteurs pensent que la REDD+ \u00e0 elle seule a le potentiel de d\u00e9clencher des changements politiques et des r\u00e9formes en RDC. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cREDD+ devrait amorcer un remodelage coh\u00e9rent des principes, normes et strat\u00e9gies d’utilisation de la terre, des for\u00eats, des mines, de l’agriculture et des infrastructures de d\u00e9veloppement en RDC. Cela devrait la voie vers des pratiques qui pourraient devenir de plus en plus compatibles avec le besoin de lutter contre le changement climatique\u201d, selon Samuel Assembe, chercheur post-doctorant du CIFOR et co-auteur du rapport. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

De plus, il semble que la REDD+ ait permis \u00e0 de nombreux nouveaux acteurs de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile de s’impliquer<\/a>*, et ait vu l’\u00e9mergence de nouvelles coalitions politiques<\/a>*, selon les auteurs. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mais l’\u00e9tude annonce franchement les d\u00e9fis. \u00ab Avec la situation actuelle en RDC, il semble difficile voire quasi-impossible d’appliquer la REDD+ sur le terrain \u00bb, d’apr\u00e8s Assembe.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le rapport souligne les d\u00e9fauts de l’administration congolaise, menant \u00e0 \u00ab l’absence virtuelle d’autorit\u00e9 de l’\u00e9tat dans certaines r\u00e9gions \u00bb et le manque de ressources et de moyens de g\u00e9rer les programmes REDD+. Le conflit chronique qui a surgi dans la partie Est du pays il y a un an n’est qu’une des difficult\u00e9s.<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/em><\/p>\n

\u00ab Le m\u00e9contentement populaire contre le r\u00e9gime politique \u00e9tabli et ses actions cr\u00e9e un risque d’acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration de l’exclusion sociale, qui ne manquera pas d\u2019affecter la REDD+ \u00bb, dit Assembe. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bien que la RDC poss\u00e8de la seconde plus <\/span><\/span><\/span>grande zone de for\u00eat tropicale au monde*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> apr\u00e8s le Br\u00e9sil, le <\/span><\/span><\/span>manque de d\u00e9veloppement des infrastructures, d’investissement et de croissance d\u00e9mographique au lors des guerres successives*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> depuis le milieu des ann\u00e9es 1990 a r\u00e9duit la pression sur l’environnement. Pourtant une exploitation informelle \u2013 <\/span><\/span><\/span>parfois criminelle<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u2013 des ressources foresti\u00e8res s’est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e dans le m\u00eame temps. De plus, les chercheurs ont d\u00e9couvert que jusqu’\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent la plupart des progr\u00e8s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 confin\u00e9s \u00e0 la capitale Kinshasa, avec quelques liens vers les communaut\u00e9s locales. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les progr\u00e8s doivent commencer quelque part, et pour cela les ONG et les minist\u00e8res de Kinshasa ont pu servir de tremplin pour d\u00e9velopper le processus REDD+, explique Assembe, m\u00eame si cela requiert une expertise technique importante. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab La surveillance des for\u00eats et de leur \u00e9volution est un domaine dans lequel la RDC a besoin d’accro\u00eetre ses capacit\u00e9s. De la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de donn\u00e9es satellites \u00e0 la formation de scientifiques pour les analyses, on pourrait faire beaucoup plus pour aider \u00e0 garder une trace de la d\u00e9forestation \u00bb, selon Assembe. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Des signes montrent qu’une telle expertise n’est peut-\u00eatre pas loin. Un projet mis en place par le CIFOR et de nombreux partenaires institutionnels en RD est en train de former la prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de chercheurs forestiers congolais. Le projet REFORCO (Recherche foresti\u00e8re au Congo), fond\u00e9 par l’Union europ\u00e9enne, finance la formation locale d\u2019\u00e9tudiants en Master et Doctorat de foresterie. Plusieurs douzaines d’\u00e9tudiants ont r\u00e9cemment \u00e9t\u00e9 dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00eame avec l’arriv\u00e9e de nouvelles id\u00e9es et expertises, il faut une volont\u00e9 politique. Selon Augustin Mpoyi, le directeur ex\u00e9cutif de CODELT et co-auteur de l’\u00e9tude, les probl\u00e8mes de la RDC sont surmontables, mais cela pourrait prendre des ann\u00e9es avant que le pays soit capable de mettre en place des programmes REDD+ efficaces et transparents. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Les mentalit\u00e9s doivent changer \u00bb, dit Mpoyi, \u00ab et nos leaders politiques doivent comprendre qu’une meilleure gouvernance b\u00e9n\u00e9ficierait \u00e0 tout le monde \u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur les questions discut\u00e9es dans cet article, veuillez contacter <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Samuel Assembe, chercheur post-doctorant du programme du CIFOR <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Global Comparative Study on REDD+<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> sur <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>a.assembe@cgiar.org<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce travail s\u2019inscrit dans le cadre du <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l\u2019agroforesterie<\/a><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>avec le soutien du Minist\u00e8re international du d\u00e9veloppent (DFID), <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em>AusAid, l’Agence norv\u00e9gienne pour le d\u00e9veloppement de la coop\u00e9ration <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>NORAD<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>) et l’Union Europ\u00e9enne.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/i>*Liens non traduits en fran\u00e7ais<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’application du programme de l’ONU visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la perte de for\u00eats en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo sera difficile, selon une nouvelle \u00e9tude, \u00e0 moins que le gouvernement ne s’occupe de la corruption, du manque d’autorit\u00e9 de l’\u00e9tat dans certaines r\u00e9gions et des combats sporadiques entre les rebelles et les forces du gouvernement \u00e0 l’Est […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1041],"class_list":["post-15855","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa REDD+ peut-elle \u00eatre moteur de changement en RDC? 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