{"id":15633,"date":"2013-05-06T07:55:23","date_gmt":"2013-05-06T00:55:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=15633"},"modified":"2015-08-24T15:38:50","modified_gmt":"2015-08-24T08:38:50","slug":"journee-mondiale-de-la-sante-2013-combattre-la-malnutrition-et-les-infections-par-les-forets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/15633\/journee-mondiale-de-la-sante-2013-combattre-la-malnutrition-et-les-infections-par-les-forets","title":{"rendered":"Journ\u00e9e mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 2013 : combattre la malnutrition et les infections par les for\u00eats"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Seorang<\/a>
Une femme pr\u00e9pare des champignons comestibles \u00a0sauvages issus de la partie zambienne de la savane bois\u00e9e du Miombo pour le s\u00e9chage, Zambie du nord-ouest . CIFOR<\/a>\/Fiona Paumgarten<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (7 Avril 2013) _ La Journ\u00e9e mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 est un moment o\u00f9 je pense – en tant que nutritionniste – aux liens entre la nutrition et les infections.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les estimations actuelles indiquent que 30% de la mortalit\u00e9 infantile mondiale<\/span><\/span><\/a>* sont directement ou indirectement li\u00e9s \u00e0 la malnutrition. Ceci est d\u00fb au fait que les infections et la malnutrition sont li\u00e9es d’une mani\u00e8re cyclique : la malnutrition diminue la fonction immunitaire et augmente le risque d’infection (une carence en vitamine A augmente, par exemple, le risque de diarrh\u00e9e et d’infections des voies respiratoires) – alors que l’infection accro\u00eet les besoins nutritionnels et le risque de souffrir de malnutrition (le parasite du paludisme d\u00e9truit, par exemple, les globules rouges et peut entra\u00eener des carences en fer).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les for\u00eats contribuent \u00e0 la fois \u00e0 la nutrition humaine ainsi qu’\u00e0 <\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span>l<\/span>a sant\u00e9 et aux maladies humaines<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>*. Elles fournissent environ <\/span><\/span>75% de l’eau utilisable au niveau mondial<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>*,<\/span><\/span> en assurant une filtration naturelle et un maintien de services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques. Dans les communaut\u00e9s pauvres, qui n’ont pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’eau potable, pratiquement tous les enfants peuvent \u00eatre infect\u00e9s par des parasites intestinaux et souffrir de diarrh\u00e9e, ce qui augmente leur probabilit\u00e9 d’\u00eatre an\u00e9mique et en retard de croissance.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les changements de l’utilisation des terres et de la couverture foresti\u00e8re ont \u00e9galement chang\u00e9 les taux de paludisme. En Amazonie p\u00e9ruvienne, les zones de forte d\u00e9forestation avaient des taux de piq\u00fbres de moustiques <\/span><\/span>huit fois plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>* que les zones ayant subi une d\u00e9forestation moindre.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ceci est d\u00fb au fait que les paysages modifi\u00e9s par l’homme, o\u00f9 l’eau peut s’accumuler (foss\u00e9s de routes, fosses mini\u00e8res et zones de mauvais d\u00e9broussaillage), fournissent un terrain fertile pour la reproduction des moustiques porteurs de la malaria. Une \u00e9tude du Br\u00e9sil a montr\u00e9 qu’un changement de 4,3% du couvert forestier a \u00e9t\u00e9 associ\u00e9 \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>un taux d\u2019environ 50% plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 du paludisme<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>*.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les for\u00eats et les arbres sont \u00e9galement une source essentielle pour le <\/span><\/span>bois de chauffage<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>*. Un article r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par le personnel du CIFOR explique, comment la raret\u00e9 en bois de feu peut poser de nombreux <\/span><\/span>risques pour la sant\u00e9 des femmes<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>*: la fum\u00e9e provenant d\u2019esp\u00e8ces de bois de feu moins appr\u00e9ci\u00e9es peut pr\u00e9senter des risques accrus pour la sant\u00e9 des voies respiratoires. En outre, les femmes ont moins de temps pour se procurer et pr\u00e9parer des aliments sains lorsqu\u2019elles doivent aller plus loin pour trouver du bois pour le feu.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En ce qui concerne <\/span><\/span>la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et la nutrition<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>*, les aliments sauvages, qui proviennent des for\u00eats et des terres agricoles ayant une couverture d’arbre (telles que les jach\u00e8res et les agrofor\u00eats), incluent le plus souvent des fruits, des l\u00e9gumes et de la viande de brousse : qui sont de bonnes sources de vitamine A et de fer. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En <\/span><\/span>Tanzanie<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>*, nous avons constat\u00e9 que les enfants qui avaient consomm\u00e9 des aliments sauvages issus des for\u00eats ont eu des r\u00e9gimes plus vari\u00e9s et plus nutritifs. Bien que les aliments sauvages avaient apport\u00e9 seulement 2% de l’apport calorique total des enfants, ils repr\u00e9sentaient plus de 30% de la vitamine A et pr\u00e8s de 20% du fer que les enfants avaient consomm\u00e9 par jour (Powell <\/span><\/span>et al.<\/i><\/span><\/span> in press).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La viande de brousse<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>* joue un r\u00f4le important pour <\/span><\/span>l’alimentation de nombreuses personnes<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>* vivant dans les zones rurales des pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement. La viande de brousse est importante non seulement en tant que source de prot\u00e9ines, mais aussi parce qu’elle est une bonne source de fer et d’autres micronutriments essentiels pour la sant\u00e9, la croissance et le d\u00e9veloppement (le fer issu de viande est mieux absorb\u00e9 que le fer issu de plantes).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente au <\/span><\/span>Madagascar<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>* a constat\u00e9 que sans acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la viande de brousse, environ 30% plus d’enfants souffriraient d’an\u00e9mie.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il est clair que nous ne pouvons pas vaincre la malnutrition globale et les carences en micronutriments sans une am\u00e9lioration des r\u00e9gimes alimentaires, tout comme une r\u00e9duction des taux d’infection.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cette ann\u00e9e, la <\/span><\/span>Journ\u00e9e mondiale de la Sant\u00e9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> met l’accent sur l’hypertension art\u00e9rielle, une maladie qui est fortement associ\u00e9e au r\u00e9gime alimentaire et au poids corporel. Les for\u00eats peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre en mesure d’aider pour l’hypertension art\u00e9rielle.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

De nouveaux travaux du CIFOR se penchent actuellement sur le r\u00f4le des for\u00eats \u00e0 assurer l’acc\u00e8s et la consommation de quantit\u00e9s suffisantes de fruits et l\u00e9gumes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La consommation accrue en fruits et l\u00e9gumes am\u00e9liore non seulement la consommation de certains micronutriments tels que la vitamine A, mais a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction de la pression art\u00e9rielle. Nos nouveaux travaux sur le r\u00f4le des for\u00eats pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et la nutrition seront bient\u00f4t accessibles.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

* liens non traduits en fran\u00e7ais<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les recherches du CIFOR sur les for\u00eats et la nutrition s’inscrivent dans le cadre du <\/i><\/span><\/span>Programme de Recherche sur les For\u00eats, les Arbres et l\u2019Agroforesterie CGIAR<\/i><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> et sont soutenues par le D\u00e9partement britannique pour le d\u00e9veloppement international (DFID) et l’Agence autrichienne du d\u00e9veloppement.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (7 Avril 2013) _ La Journ\u00e9e mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 est un moment o\u00f9 je pense – en tant que nutritionniste – aux liens entre la nutrition et les infections. Les estimations actuelles indiquent que 30% de la mortalit\u00e9 infantile mondiale* sont directement ou indirectement li\u00e9s \u00e0 la malnutrition. Ceci est d\u00fb au […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":93,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[188],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2999],"coauthors":[993],"class_list":["post-15633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-food-and-diets","language-francais","type-francais-analyses"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nJourn\u00e9e mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 2013 : combattre la malnutrition et les infections par les for\u00eats - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/15633\/journee-mondiale-de-la-sante-2013-combattre-la-malnutrition-et-les-infections-par-les-forets\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Journ\u00e9e mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 2013 : combattre la malnutrition et les infections par les for\u00eats\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (7 Avril 2013) _ La Journ\u00e9e mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 est un moment o\u00f9 je pense – en tant que nutritionniste – aux liens entre la nutrition et les infections. Les estimations actuelles indiquent que 30% de la mortalit\u00e9 infantile mondiale* sont directement ou indirectement li\u00e9s \u00e0 la malnutrition. 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Les estimations actuelles indiquent que 30% de la mortalit\u00e9 infantile mondiale* sont directement ou indirectement li\u00e9s \u00e0 la malnutrition. 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