{"id":15384,"date":"2013-04-29T13:51:01","date_gmt":"2013-04-29T06:51:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=15384"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:26:31","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:26:31","slug":"les-aliments-forestiers-devraient-etre-utilises-pour-lutter-contre-la-malnutrition-mondiale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/15384\/les-aliments-forestiers-devraient-etre-utilises-pour-lutter-contre-la-malnutrition-mondiale","title":{"rendered":"Les aliments forestiers devraient \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s pour lutter contre la malnutrition mondiale"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Dibutuhkan<\/a><\/p>\n

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (8 Avril 2013) _ Les aliments issus des for\u00eats et riches en nutriments pourraient jouer un r\u00f4le important pour les efforts visant \u00e0 fournir une alimentation saine pour les hommes partout dans le monde, \u00e0 condition qu’ils soient identifi\u00e9s dans les strat\u00e9gies nationales de nutrition et rendus plus facilement accessibles, selon une nouvelle \u00e9tude scientifique.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les richesses de la for\u00eat, telles que les oiseaux sauvages, les rongeurs et les animaux plus grands, ainsi que les feuilles, tiges, racines, fruits, champignons et noix, pourraient contribuer \u00e0 assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire pour les personnes qui sont actuellement sous-aliment\u00e9es – un nombre qui ne cesse d’augmenter malgr\u00e9 les efforts internationaux, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Bronwen Powell, chercheuse au Centre pour la Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR), lors de la <\/span><\/span>Journ\u00e9e mondiale de la Sant\u00e9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La plupart des d\u00e9cideurs politiques ont mis l’accent sur le r\u00f4le des cultures de base riches en \u00e9nergie, telles que le ma\u00efs et le riz, dans la lutte contre l’ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. N\u00e9anmoins, cette approche ne prend pas en compte le fait qu’il y a maintenant plus de deux fois plus de personnes en manque de micronutriments que le nombre estim\u00e9 de personnes ayant faim.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Au niveau mondial, environ <\/span><\/span>870 millions<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> de personnes n’ont pas assez \u00e0 manger et plus de <\/span><\/span>deux milliards<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>* souffrent de carences en micronutriments, selon les organismes des Nations Unies (ONU) pour les questions alimentaires.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le changement climatique, l’urbanisation croissante et le co\u00fbt \u00e9lev\u00e9 des aliments devraient \u00e9galement \u00eatre abord\u00e9s, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Mme Powell.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Bien qu’il y ait tr\u00e8s peu de communaut\u00e9s dans le monde qui comptent actuellement sur les aliments issus des for\u00eats pour fournir une alimentation compl\u00e8te, les for\u00eats et la nourriture sauvage peuvent aider \u00e0 maintenir l’alimentation des m\u00e9nages durant les p\u00e9riodes difficiles en compl\u00e9tant la saisonnalit\u00e9 des cultures de base \u00bb, a-t-elle dit.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Ces aliments forestiers fournissent rarement un grand pourcentage de l’apport calorique, mais ils sont tr\u00e8s importants pour l’apport en micronutriments tels que la vitamine A, le fer et le calcium. \u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Entre autres avantages, une alimentation \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e peut aider \u00e0 lutter contre l’hypertension art\u00e9rielle – le th\u00e8me principale de la Journ\u00e9e mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 2013. Cette condition touche un adulte sur trois dans le monde et cause environ la <\/span><\/span>moiti\u00e9 de tous les d\u00e9c\u00e8s<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> via des accidents vasculaires c\u00e9r\u00e9braux et des maladies du c\u0153ur, selon l’Organisation mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 (OMS).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abNous voulons faire changer l’orientation des politiques vers l’apport de plus de nutriments, plut\u00f4t que de calories, et c’est l\u00e0 que les aliments forestiers entrent en jeu\u00bb, a-t-elle dit.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1,6 milliard de personnes d\u00e9pendent des for\u00eats, qui couvrent plus de 30% de la surface terrestre du monde, pour trouver leurs moyens de subsistances, selon les donn\u00e9es de 2010 de <\/span><\/span>l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (FAO).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La prochaine <\/span><\/span>Conf\u00e9rence internationale de la FAO sur les for\u00eats pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et la nutrition<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u00e0 Rome explorera le r\u00f4le important que jouent les for\u00eats dans la vie des populations rurales et l’\u00e9conomie mondiale.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ces sources alimentaires contribuent \u00e9galement \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, a expliqu\u00e9 Mme Powell, se r\u00e9f\u00e9rant \u00e0 une \u00e9tude globale r\u00e9cente, r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par le CIFOR. L\u2019\u00e9tude a constat\u00e9 que le revenu li\u00e9 aux for\u00eats contribue pour environ un cinqui\u00e8me des revenus totaux des m\u00e9nages ruraux dans 24 pays \u2013 cette argent pourrait alors, si il est utilis\u00e9 \u00e0 bon escient, \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour acheter des <\/span><\/span>aliments<\/a><\/span>*<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>nutritifs.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La viande de brousse est la principale source de prot\u00e9ines animales dans de nombreuses for\u00eats tropicales et fournit des niveaux essentiels de micronutriments, tels que le fer, qui sont moins disponibles dans les aliments d’origine v\u00e9g\u00e9tale, a dit Mme Powell. Elle a ajout\u00e9, qu’une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente \u00e0 Madagascar a montr\u00e9 que, sans acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la viande de brousse, 30% d’enfants suppl\u00e9mentaires souffriraient de carence en <\/span><\/span>fer<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>*.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Les aliments issus des for\u00eats ne peuvent pas \u00eatre une panac\u00e9e pour les probl\u00e8mes mondiaux li\u00e9s \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et \u00e0 la nutrition, mais dans certains contextes g\u00e9ographiques sp\u00e9cifiques, ils peuvent jouer un r\u00f4le important \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Barbara Vinceti, chercheuse \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>Bioversity International<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. Elle a ajout\u00e9, que des aliments sous-utilis\u00e9s, riches en micronutriments et disponibles localement peuvent \u00eatre abordables et potentiellement plus acceptables que d’autres options.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Il y a un int\u00e9r\u00eat croissant pour l’utilisation des aliments issus d\u2019arbres et de plantes indig\u00e8nes ou traditionnels afin de r\u00e9pondre aux besoins nutritionnels \u00e9lev\u00e9s des nourrissons et des enfants, dont l’alimentation est bas\u00e9e principalement sur les c\u00e9r\u00e9ales et les l\u00e9gumes, \u00bb a-t-elle dit, en citant en exemple un condiment ferment\u00e9, fabriqu\u00e9 \u00e0 partir des graines riches en fer du soumbala (Parkia biglobosa<\/i>) en Afrique de l’Ouest et utilis\u00e9 comme un substitut de viande \u00e0 bas prix par les familles. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Davantage de recherches sur la composition nutritionnelle des aliments de la for\u00eat par rapport \u00e0 d’autres aliments sont n\u00e9cessaires, a dit Mme Powell, en ajoutant que plus de connaissances seraient n\u00e9cessaires afin d\u2019assurer la durabilit\u00e9 et la protection contre la surexploitation.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les gouvernements, les organisations non gouvernementales (ONG), les \u00e9coles, les h\u00f4pitaux et les centres de sant\u00e9 peuvent \u00e9galement aider, en promouvant les r\u00e9gimes alimentaires qui comprennent des produits forestiers d’une mani\u00e8re responsable et bien g\u00e9r\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab L’\u00e9tablissement de plates-formes politiques qui mettent en rapport la nutrition avec des secteurs tels que l’environnement, la sant\u00e9, le d\u00e9veloppement, l’agriculture et la conservation, permettrait d’assurer une meilleure promotion des aliments forestiers au sein des programmes nationaux de nutrition \u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 Mme Vinceti.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Plusieurs facteurs peuvent \u00eatre responsables de la n\u00e9gligence et de la baisse de l’utilisation des aliments locaux – y compris les aliments issus des for\u00eats – en fonction du contexte, a-t-elle ajout\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Ces facteurs comprennent la perception culturelle, la p\u00e9nurie physique du produit en cons\u00e9quence de l’\u00e9puisement des ressources, la r\u00e9duction du temps disponible pour collecter des aliments sauvages en raison des changements de la r\u00e9partition des disponibilit\u00e9s en main-d\u2019\u0153uvre d’un m\u00e9nage, la pression croissante sur le temps des femmes, la perte des connaissances sur les aliments forestiers et peu de possibilit\u00e9s de commercialiser la production, \u00bb a expliqu\u00e9 Mme Vinceti. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre du <\/i><\/span><\/span>Programme de Recherche sur les For\u00eats, les Arbres et l\u2019Agroforesterie du <\/a><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>et il est soutenu par le projet mondiale FEM \/ PNUE \/ FAO <\/i><\/span><\/span>Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

* liens non traduits en fran\u00e7ais<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (8 Avril 2013) _ Les aliments issus des for\u00eats et riches en nutriments pourraient jouer un r\u00f4le important pour les efforts visant \u00e0 fournir une alimentation saine pour les hommes partout dans le monde, \u00e0 condition qu’ils soient identifi\u00e9s dans les strat\u00e9gies nationales de nutrition et rendus plus facilement accessibles, selon une nouvelle […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[188,137,13,95],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[989],"class_list":["post-15384","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-food-and-diets","category-forest-management-restoration","category-governance","category-human-wellbeing","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes aliments forestiers devraient \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s pour lutter contre la malnutrition mondiale - 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