{"id":15349,"date":"2013-05-19T14:00:12","date_gmt":"2013-05-19T07:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=15349"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:23:46","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:23:46","slug":"les-mangroves-sont-menacees-alors-que-les-camerounais-se-rapprochent-des-cotes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/15349\/les-mangroves-sont-menacees-alors-que-les-camerounais-se-rapprochent-des-cotes","title":{"rendered":"Les mangroves sont menac\u00e9es alors que les Camerounais se rapprochent des c\u00f4tes"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Africa's<\/a>
La c\u00f4te africaine est menac\u00e9e par la hausse du niveau de la mer, alors que les villes s’\u00e9tendent rapidement. Jean-Marc Liotier<\/em><\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les mangroves, qui pourraient prot\u00e9ger le Cameroun de la mont\u00e9e des eaux, pourraient \u00eatre soumises \u00e0 plus de pressions qu’elles ne peuvent endurer, alors que la population qui migre vers la c\u00f4te Sud-Ouest du pays coupe les arbres \u00e0 un rythme si soutenu qu’il ne permet pas la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, selon des scientifiques du CIFOR.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Alors que le monde lutte contre les effets du changement climatique, il ne peut pas se permettre d’ignorer ces mondes aquatiques uniques, selon Bele Mekou Youssoufa, co-auteur de \u201c<\/span><\/span>Vulnerability to coastal flooding and response strategies: the case of Cameroon mangrove forests<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u201d*<\/i><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cM\u00eame si on nie tous les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices des mangroves en tant que for\u00eat, leur qualit\u00e9 de ‘protecteur de c\u00f4te’ devrait suffire \u00e0 nous convaincre de les conserver’, dit-il, notant que les racines des arbres s’\u00e9tendent sur une large surface, \u00e9pongeant l’eau et encourageant la s\u00e9dimentation.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Non seulement cela aide \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>stabiliser les mar\u00e9es et les apports en eau douce<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>, selon une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente du CIFOR, mais cela aide \u00e0 emp\u00eacher l’\u00e9rosion des sols. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cCe sont nos sauveurs. Elles jouent un r\u00f4le bien sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 tout ce qui pourrait \u00eatre invent\u00e9 avec des solutions d’ing\u00e9nierie ou de technologie\u201d, explique Youssoufa.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Selon <\/span><\/span>UN Water<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>, un tiers des 7 milliards d’habitants de la plan\u00e8te vivent \u00e0 une centaine de kilom\u00e8tres de l’oc\u00e9an, ce qui rend beaucoup d’entre eux sujet \u00e0 des inondations c\u00f4ti\u00e8res chaque ann\u00e9e. Ce poids est particuli\u00e8rement lourd dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement et les petites \u00eeles des mega-deltas, selon le <\/span><\/span>Groupe d’experts intergouvernemental sur l’\u00e9volution du climat<\/a>*<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Ce sujet sera l’un des th\u00e8mes discut\u00e9s lors de la conf\u00e9rence de deux joursLa gestion durable des for\u00eats d’Afrique centrale: hier, aujourd’hui et demain<\/a><\/em> \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9 au Cameroun les 22 et 23 mai 2013. .<\/strong><\/p>\n

Retrouvez les reportages du CIFOR sur les for\u00eats d’Afrique Centrale sur forestsnews.cifor.org\/fr\/yaounde<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Au Cameroun, la situation est exacerb\u00e9e par un changement d\u00e9mographique.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Au moins 30% de la population vit dans une ville c\u00f4ti\u00e8re comme Douala, Limbe, Tiko et Kribi. Les trois-quart d’entre eux vivent sur d’\u00e9troites bandes de terres \u00e0 1000 m\u00e8tres ou moins de la c\u00f4te, et beaucoup \u00e0 juste 1 m\u00e8tre au-dessus du niveau de la mer, selon la recherche. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cDans le m\u00eame temps\u201d, pr\u00e9vient Youssouf, \u201cils sont en train de couper les arbres \u00e0 un rythme trop soutenu pour permettre la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pas juste l\u2019environnement, mais des moyens de subsistance menac\u00e9es<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

La zone de mangrove c\u00f4ti\u00e8re au Cameroun s’\u00e9tend sur 400 km, de la fronti\u00e8re \u00e9quatoriale guin\u00e9enne au Nigeria.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Quand la mar\u00e9e de l’Oc\u00e9an Atlantique est basse, la for\u00eat s’entend jusqu’\u00e0 30 km sur le continent. Mais il y a eu une perte progressive <\/span><\/span>d’environ 1000 hectares de couvert forestier dans le pays en 43 ans – ce qui impacte s\u00e9rieusement les ressources et la biodiversit\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cela, de fait, affecte les possibilit\u00e9s de moyens de subsistance. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les mangroves sont des sources de produits commerciaux pris\u00e9s, tels que le bois de chauffage et \u2013 en tant que zone importante de fray\u00e8re \u2013 le poisson. Elles sont aussi des espaces o\u00f9 bourgeonne l’industrie de l’\u00e9co-tourisme, vitale pour le d\u00e9veloppement local et national. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cCeux qui d\u00e9pendent des mangroves vont devenir de plus en plus vuln\u00e9rables\u201d, affirme Youssoufa.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Avec le r\u00e9chauffement climatique mondial et la mont\u00e9e du niveau de la mer qui en r\u00e9sulte, \u201con s’attend \u00e0 ce que les inondations quadruplent d’ici 2080\u201d, dit-il, cr\u00e9ant un probl\u00e8me qui va contribuer \u00e0 la d\u00e9gradation de ce qu’il restera des mangroves. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cela empirera certainement l’\u00e9rosion de la c\u00f4te, provoquera une migration des for\u00eats sur terre ou au large, mettra en p\u00e9ril d’autres esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales et animales, et permettra \u00e0 l’eau sal\u00e9e de s’immiscer dans la nappe phr\u00e9atique et les estuaires. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Attirer l’attention sur les for\u00eats de mangrove<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En Afrique, comme dans de nombreuses r\u00e9gions du monde, les efforts entrepris pour s’adapter et diminuer les effets du changement climatique se sont largement concentr\u00e9s sur le ralentissement de la d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradations des for\u00eats tropicales terrestres (REDD+). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mais Youssouga et son co-auteur, le scientifique du CIFOR Denis Sonwa, pensent qu’il faudrait pr\u00eater davantage attention aux zones humides et aux for\u00eats aquatiques. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cLes mangroves demeurent des for\u00eats, et m\u00e9ritent un plan de gestion et une meilleure r\u00e9glementation, comme les for\u00eats\u201d, dit Sonwa. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cLes efforts entrepris pour \u00e9tablir sur le terrain l’\u00e9tendue de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 de syst\u00e8mes humain et \u00e9cologiques sp\u00e9cifiques, et pour enqu\u00eater sur les interactions entre les facteurs li\u00e9s au climat, \u00e0 l’homme et aux syst\u00e8mes \u00e9cologiques sont malheureusement limit\u00e9s.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La pauvret\u00e9 et le manque d’information ainsi que la surveillance et les forces de l’ordre sont probablement quelques-uns des plus gros obstacles \u00e0 la protection des mangroves dans l’extr\u00eame Sud-Ouest du pays. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIl est important d’expliquer r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement \u00e0 la population et aux intervenants comme les preneurs de d\u00e9cision le r\u00f4le essentiel que jouent les mangroves\u201d, selon Sonwa. Il ajoute par exemple que les gens profitent maintenant des inondations au Cameroun pour acc\u00e9der aux mangroves qui leur apporte une source alternative de combustible. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNous avons besoin de voir les mangroves comme un \u00e9l\u00e9ment de la solution pour att\u00e9nuer le changement climatique et s’y adapter\u201d. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Youssoufa acquiesce.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En plus du r\u00f4le qu’elles jouent actuellement, il pense que les mangroves pourraient d\u00e9tenir la cl\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique pour la mise au point de cultures tol\u00e9rantes au sel, en plein r\u00e9chauffement climatique. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cCela\u201d, dit-il, \u201cpourrait \u00eatre une future ressource, pour le jour o\u00f9 la plupart de nos zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res seront inond\u00e9es\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

*liens non traduits en fran\u00e7ais<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur les questions discut\u00e9es dans cet article, veuillez contacter Bele Youssoufa sur b.youssoufa@cgiar.org<\/a><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Ce travail s\u2019inscrit dans le cadre du projet For\u00eat du Bassin du Congo et Adaptation au Changement Climatique (CoFCCA) et Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l’agroforesterie<\/a>*, aid\u00e9 par le Department for International Development (DFID), the Canadian International Development Research Center (IDRC) et the European Union<\/i>.<\/em><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les mangroves, qui pourraient prot\u00e9ger le Cameroun de la mont\u00e9e des eaux, pourraient \u00eatre soumises \u00e0 plus de pressions qu’elles ne peuvent endurer, alors que la population qui migre vers la c\u00f4te Sud-Ouest du pays coupe les arbres \u00e0 un rythme si soutenu qu’il ne permet pas la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, selon des scientifiques du CIFOR. Alors […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,137,95,96,180],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[271],"class_list":["post-15349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-forest-management-restoration","category-human-wellbeing","category-mangroves","category-mitigating-climate-change","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes mangroves sont menac\u00e9es alors que les Camerounais se rapprochent des c\u00f4tes - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/15349\/les-mangroves-sont-menacees-alors-que-les-camerounais-se-rapprochent-des-cotes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les mangroves sont menac\u00e9es alors que les Camerounais se rapprochent des c\u00f4tes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les mangroves, qui pourraient prot\u00e9ger le Cameroun de la mont\u00e9e des eaux, pourraient \u00eatre soumises \u00e0 plus de pressions qu’elles ne peuvent endurer, alors que la population qui migre vers la c\u00f4te Sud-Ouest du pays coupe les arbres \u00e0 un rythme si soutenu qu’il ne permet pas la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, selon des scientifiques du CIFOR. 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