{"id":15334,"date":"2013-05-16T14:48:15","date_gmt":"2013-05-16T07:48:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=15334"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:35:41","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:35:41","slug":"interview-les-modes-de-vie-femininmasculin-devraient-influencer-les-programmes-climatiques-au-congo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/15334\/interview-les-modes-de-vie-femininmasculin-devraient-influencer-les-programmes-climatiques-au-congo","title":{"rendered":"Interview: les modes de vie f\u00e9minin\/masculin devraient influencer les programmes climatiques au Congo"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_15973\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15973\" style=\"width: 498px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/15402\/qa-male-female-lifestyles-should-factor-into-congo-climate-programs\/okok\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-15973\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-15973   \" alt=\"Les diff\u00e9rences hommes-femmes doivent \u00eatre pris en compte au moment de concevoir des strat\u00e9gies de gestion foresti\u00e8re pour le Bassin du Congo. Ollivier Girard\/CIFOR.\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/okok.jpg\" width=\"498\" height=\"332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/okok.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/okok-263x176.jpg 263w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/okok-566x378.jpg 566w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/okok-622x415.jpg 622w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15973\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Les diff\u00e9rences hommes-femmes doivent \u00eatre pris en compte au moment de concevoir des strat\u00e9gies de gestion foresti\u00e8re pour le Bassin du Congo. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/cifor\/7995455563\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Ollivier Girard\/CIFOR.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Dans le Bassin du Congo, les hommes et les femmes exercent des activit\u00e9s de subsistance assez similaires \u2013 agriculture, chasse, collecte de produits vari\u00e9s dans la for\u00eat \u2013 mais de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente.<\/p>\n<p>Par exemple, alors que les hommes p\u00eachent dans de larges rivi\u00e8res avec de grands filets, les femmes p\u00eachent dans des petits cours d&rsquo;eau et utilisent des petits pi\u00e8ges ou simplement leurs mains.<\/p>\n<p>La recherche sur les for\u00eats et le genre indique que ces diff\u00e9rences entre les hommes et les femmes devraient \u00eatre prises en compte au moment de concevoir des strat\u00e9gies de gestion foresti\u00e8re pour le Bassin du Congo, selon <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/about-us\/cifor-scientific-staff-profiles\/detail-profile\/staff\/001350.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Anne-Marie Tiani<\/a>*, scientifique du bureau camerounais du CIFOR.<\/p>\n<p>Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que certains projets REDD+ &#8211; visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre provoqu\u00e9s par la d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats \u2013 bien qu&rsquo;ils soient utiles pour les hommes, pr\u00e9sentent un risque pour les moyens de subsistance des femmes.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border: solid 1px #dedede;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Ce sujet sera l&rsquo;un des th\u00e8mes discut\u00e9s lors de la conf\u00e9rence de deux jours <em><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/fr\/events\/cifors-20th-anniversary\/anniversary-events\/la-gestion-durable-des-forets-dafrique-centrale.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">La gestion durable des for\u00eats d&rsquo;Afrique centrale: hier, aujourd&rsquo;hui et demain<\/a><\/em> \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9 au Cameroun les 22 et 23 mai 2013<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Retrouvez les reportages du CIFOR sur les for\u00eats d&rsquo;Afrique Centrale sur <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.cifor.org\/fr\/yaounde\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">forestsnews.cifor.org\/fr\/yaounde<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>REDD+ est un programme de l&rsquo;ONU dans lequel les pays riches \u00e9metteurs de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre paient les pays tropicaux plus pauvres pour qu&rsquo;ils prot\u00e8gent une \u201cfor\u00eat debout\u201d afin de r\u00e9sorber les niveaux de carbone dans l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/4084.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 prouv\u00e9<\/a>* dans des projets pilotes REDD+ que la prise en compte des besoins et attitudes sp\u00e9cifiques des hommes et des femmes permet non seulement de favoriser une application juste, mais \u00e9galement r\u00e9ussie, selon Tiani.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Si nous voulons mettre en place une politique REDD+ efficace dans le Bassin du Congo qui tienne compte de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, la dimension de genre doit \u00eatre un point de d\u00e9part \u00bb, dit Tiani, qui travaille pour le programme du CIFOR <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/cobam\/home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Climate Change and Forests in the Congo Basin<\/a> (COBAM). Le COBAM fournit aux personnes qui interviennent aupr\u00e8s des for\u00eats des informations aidant \u00e0 appliquer des projets d&rsquo;adaptation au changement climatique et de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de carbone. Il vise aussi \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la pauvret\u00e9, valoriser les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques et prot\u00e9ger les modes de vies locaux.<\/p>\n<p>La zone foresti\u00e8re du Bassin du Congo, qui assure les moyens de subsistance de 60 millions de personnes, traverse les fronti\u00e8res de six pays: Cameroun, R\u00e9publique Centre Africaine, R\u00e9publique du Congo, R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo, Guin\u00e9e Equatoriale et Gabon.<\/p>\n<p>Voici le point de vue de Tani sur la question dans une interview.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q: Pourquoi les femmes sont-elles plus vuln\u00e9rables que les hommes face au changement climatique dans le Bassin du Congo?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>R: <\/strong>\u00ab Traditionnellement, les femmes ne peuvent pas poss\u00e9der de terre. Elles peuvent utiliser celle de leur mari, puis de leurs enfants, mais elles n&rsquo;ont aucun droit sur ces terres. Elles ont tendance \u00e0 s&rsquo;impliquer dans l&rsquo;agriculture de subsistance, mais elles ne plantent pas d&rsquo;arbre, soit parce qu&rsquo;on leur a interdit, soit parce qu&rsquo;elle savent qu&rsquo;elles ne les poss\u00e8deront pas. Les femmes aident les hommes dans les cultures p\u00e9rennes, elles font pousser leur propre nourriture pour leur famille.<\/p>\n<p>Le changement climatique aggrave les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s parce que l&rsquo;agriculture de subsistance est plus expos\u00e9e aux conditions climatiques. Il affecte les r\u00e9coltes et les femmes ont plus de difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 nourrir leur famille. Les communaut\u00e9s locales disent que les saisons s\u00e8ches durent plus longtemps, les pluies sont plus torrentielles et les mod\u00e8les agricoles sont perturb\u00e9s par des p\u00e9riodes s\u00e8ches qui surviennent de fa\u00e7on al\u00e9atoire. Ajoutez \u00e0 cela les guerres et d\u00e9placements de population fr\u00e9quents dans nos r\u00e9gions, et vous pouvez clairement affirmer que les femmes du Bassin du Congo sont plus vuln\u00e9rables au changement climatique. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q: Est-ce que les politiques REDD+ pr\u00e9sentent des probl\u00e8mes particuliers pour les femmes?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>R: <\/strong>\u00ab L&rsquo;\u00e9tat, qui jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent a mis la priorit\u00e9 sur la r\u00e9duction de la pauvret\u00e9, voudrait maintenant combiner cela avec la conservation du couvert forestier. Nous avons un projet pilote \u00e0 Yokadouma : les autorit\u00e9s l\u00e0-bas ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de d\u00e9velopper les plantations de cacao parce qu&rsquo;elle peuvent \u00eatre plant\u00e9es sous le couvert forestier. Cela peut sembler \u00eatre une bonne solution, mais la culture de cacao est une activit\u00e9 masculine. Les femmes aident leur mari dans les plantations, mais elles ne poss\u00e8dent ni le cacao, ni ses revenus financiers. Ce qui peut appara\u00eetre comme une solution gagnant-gagnant laisse les femmes de c\u00f4t\u00e9, elles restent occup\u00e9es par la m\u00eame agriculture de subsistance que par le pass\u00e9. Un tel d\u00e9veloppement du cacao pourrait \u00eatre accompagn\u00e9 d&rsquo;une aide pour l&rsquo;agriculture de subsistance des femmes, afin qu&rsquo;elles n&rsquo;aient pas besoin d&#8217;empi\u00e9ter davantage sur la for\u00eat.<\/p>\n<p>Si les politiques de gestion foresti\u00e8re, aussi bonnes soient-elles, restent sourdes aux questions relatives au genre, elles seront inefficaces sur le terrain. Le prisme du genre inclut tout le monde et ne laisse personne derri\u00e8re. C&rsquo;est vrai pour toutes les politiques foresti\u00e8res, et en particulier sur l&rsquo;adaptation et la REDD+. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q: Comment le genre peut-il \u00eatre pris en compte dans la lutte contre la d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradation?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>R:<\/strong> \u00ab Quand les l\u00e9gislateurs observent les causes de la d\u00e9forestation, le facteur principal semble \u00eatre les activit\u00e9s des communaut\u00e9s locales. Mais il ne s&rsquo;agit l\u00e0 que d&rsquo;une vue d&rsquo;ensemble. Quand on commence \u00e0 regarder ces questions du point de vue du genre, on r\u00e9alise que les hommes et les femmes sont impliqu\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re diff\u00e9rente dans l&rsquo;utilisation du bois de chauffage, ou dans la rotation des cultures, qui sont des facteurs de d\u00e9forestation. C&rsquo;est la raison pour laquelle nous avons introduit l&rsquo;aspect du genre \u00e0 tous les niveaux de notre programme sur l&rsquo;adaptation et l&rsquo;att\u00e9nuation du changement climatique COBAM.<\/p>\n<p>Aussi, avant, les discussions sur la gestion des for\u00eats et REDD+ dans les milieux politiques n&rsquo;incluaient pas l&rsquo;id\u00e9e de genre. Les choses ont chang\u00e9, m\u00eame lentement.<\/p>\n<p>La Commission des for\u00eats d&rsquo;Afrique Centrale (COMIFAC) est en train de d\u00e9velopper un <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pfbc-cbfp.org\/news_en\/items\/gender-equality-at-the-center-of-two-workshops-in-yaounde-2057.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">mecanisme<\/a>* pour prendre en compte le genre dans les politiques de gestion foresti\u00e8re en Afrique Centrale. 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questions discut\u00e9es dans cet article, veuillez contacter Anne-Marie Tiani sur <a href=\"mailto:a.tiani@cgiar.org\">a.tiani@cgiar.org<\/a> <\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><em>Les recherches du CIFOR sur le genre sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9es sous le <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cgiar.org\/our-research\/cgiar-research-programs\/cgiar-research-program-on-forests-trees-and-agroforestry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Programme de Recherche du CGIAR sur les For\u00eats, les Arbres et l\u2019Agroforesterie<\/a>. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><!--EndFragment--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dans le Bassin du Congo, les hommes et les femmes exercent des activit\u00e9s de subsistance assez similaires \u2013 agriculture, chasse, collecte de produits vari\u00e9s dans la for\u00eat \u2013 mais de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente. Par exemple, alors que les hommes p\u00eachent dans de larges rivi\u00e8res avec de grands filets, les femmes p\u00eachent dans des petits cours [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,173,95,180],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1041],"class_list":["post-15334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-gender-justice-tenure","category-human-wellbeing","category-mitigating-climate-change","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Interview: les modes de vie f\u00e9minin\/masculin devraient influencer les programmes climatiques au Congo - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/15334\/interview-les-modes-de-vie-femininmasculin-devraient-influencer-les-programmes-climatiques-au-congo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Interview: les modes de vie f\u00e9minin\/masculin devraient influencer les programmes climatiques au Congo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dans le Bassin du Congo, les hommes et les femmes exercent des activit\u00e9s de subsistance assez similaires \u2013 agriculture, chasse, collecte de produits vari\u00e9s dans la for\u00eat \u2013 mais de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente. 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