{"id":15320,"date":"2013-05-19T14:53:29","date_gmt":"2013-05-19T07:53:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=15320"},"modified":"2015-07-06T15:49:21","modified_gmt":"2015-07-06T08:49:21","slug":"regles-americaines-et-europeennes-cause-de-faillite-pour-des-petits-bucherons-dafrique-centrale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/15320\/regles-americaines-et-europeennes-cause-de-faillite-pour-des-petits-bucherons-dafrique-centrale","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e8gles am\u00e9ricaines et europ\u00e9ennes: cause de faillite pour des petits b\u00fbcherons d’Afrique Centrale\u00a0?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Small-scale<\/a>
Les petits b\u00fbcherons d’Afrique Centrale pourraient \u00eatre contraints d’abandonner leur activit\u00e9 \u00e0 cause des r\u00e8gles d’importation du bois des Etats-Unis et de l’Union Europ\u00e9enne. Ollivier Girard<\/a>\/CIFOR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Des b\u00fbcherons d’Afrique Centrale pourraient \u00eatre forc\u00e9s d’abandonner leur activit\u00e9 en raison des lourds co\u00fbts n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 leur mise en conformit\u00e9 avec les r\u00e8gles d’importation de bois en Europe et aux Etats-Unis, selon les experts du CIFOR.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cLes b\u00fbcherons doivent maintenant supporter les co\u00fbts li\u00e9s \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de nouveaux plans de gestion des for\u00eats, contr\u00f4ler le bois et assurer qu’ils poss\u00e8dent une licence l\u00e9gale qui satisfait les exigences de l’Union Europ\u00e9enne et des Etats-Unis\u201d, explique Richard Eba\u2019a Atyi, scientifique du CIFOR et co-auteur d’une <\/span><\/span>nouvelle \u00e9tude sur l’impact des politiques internationales en mati\u00e8re de bois<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span>* dans le secteur forestier d’Afrique Centrale.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cCela s’\u00e9l\u00e8verait environ \u00e0 5000 dollars am\u00e9ricain par communaut\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re \u2013 ce qui repr\u00e9sente le revenu moyen de dix membres de la communaut\u00e9.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mais les responsables politiques au Cameroun qui d\u00e9livrent les titres forestiers pourraient aider \u00e0 all\u00e9ger certains de ces co\u00fbts en apportant un support technique lors du d\u00e9veloppement de nouveaux plans de gestion forestier, dit-t-il. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les ONG environnementales ont lanc\u00e9 une campagne il y a plusieurs ann\u00e9es <\/span><\/span>accusant les entreprises d’utiliser des produits ligneux<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span> qui ne provenaient pas de sources utilisant des m\u00e9thodes d\u2019exploitation l\u00e9gales ou durables.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Avec un solide soutien de l’opinion publique, ces efforts ont permis la cr\u00e9ation d’une s\u00e9rie de r\u00e9glementations rigoureuses en Europe <\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>FLEGT\/VPA<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span>*<\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span>et aux Etats-Unis <\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>Lacey Act<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span>*<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Ce sujet sera l’un des th\u00e8mes discut\u00e9s lors de la conf\u00e9rence de deux joursLa gestion durable des for\u00eats d’Afrique centrale: hier, aujourd’hui et demain<\/a><\/em> \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9 au Cameroun les 22 et 23 mai 2013. .<\/strong><\/p>\n

Retrouvez les reportages du CIFOR sur les for\u00eats d’Afrique Centrale sur forestsnews.cifor.org\/fr\/yaounde<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

De telles r\u00e8gles visaient aussi \u00e0 influencer les politiques nationales de pays exportateurs de produits issus du bois, comme le Cameroun, afin qu’ils encouragent un bois produit l\u00e9galement.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNous avons accueilli cela comme une \u00e9volution bienvenue, mais tr\u00e8s vite, nous avons commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le revers de la m\u00e9daille\u201d, dit<\/span><\/span> Samuel Assembe-Mvondo, scientifique du CIFOR et co-auteur de l’\u00e9tude.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’Afrique Centrale est la r\u00e9gion du monde la plus impliqu\u00e9e dans les politiques d’achat internationales du bois. Elle repr\u00e9sente aussi une des parts les plus importantes des importations en bois tropical sur le march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Selon la politique foresti\u00e8re au Cameroun, le droit \u00e0 l’abattage de bois peut \u00eatre l\u00e9galement accord\u00e9 \u00e0 des entreprises (ou groupes d\u2019entreprises) commerciales ou \u00e0 des personnes priv\u00e9es. Le gouvernement a identifi\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>neuf types de titres l\u00e9gaux de droit d’exploitation du b<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span>ois*<\/span><\/span><\/span> au Cameroun. Mais comme ils sont tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rents, l’application de la loi foresti\u00e8re et la gestion de l’activit\u00e9 de la for\u00eat est un d\u00e9fi majeur. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tude du CIFOR s’est concentr\u00e9e sur le Cameroun parce qu’en 2004, il est devenu le premier pays \u00e0 engager des n\u00e9gociations avec l’Union Europ\u00e9enne sur l’Accord de Partenariat Volontaire sur l’Application des r\u00e8glementations foresti\u00e8res, gouvernance, et les \u00e9changes commerciaux (FLEGT\/VPA).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les scientifiques ont conclu que si les politiques pouvaient contribuer \u00e0 une gestion durable des ressources foresti\u00e8re en Afrique Centrale, sur le long terme, beaucoup de petits gestionnaires de for\u00eats seront incapables d’appliquer les r\u00e8glementations sans aide ext\u00e9rieure. Les propri\u00e9taires de concessions foresti\u00e8res industrielles qui r\u00e9coltent du bois pour l’exporter sont particuli\u00e8rement touch\u00e9s, car ils sont forc\u00e9s de se conformer \u00e0 des standards bien plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cLes dirigeants locaux impliqu\u00e9s dans l’octroi de titres pour les communaut\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res devraient aider davantage les communaut\u00e9s locales \u00e0 satisfaire les exigences de l’accord <\/span><\/span>FLEGT\/VPA, afin qu’elles n’aient pas \u00e0 payer un co\u00fbt suppl\u00e9mentaire pour obtenir une preuve de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9 du bois\u201d, selon Eba\u2019a Atyi.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sans cette aide, les petits b\u00fbcherons seront amen\u00e9s \u00e0 cesser leur activit\u00e9, dit-il, et cela aura des cons\u00e9quences dommageables sur les \u00e9conomies des pays d’Afrique Centrale.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNous ne voulons pas nous retrouver face \u00e0 une situation o\u00f9 le docteur devient, sans le vouloir, le croque-mort.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

* liens non traduits en fran\u00e7ais<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur les questions discut\u00e9es dans cet article, veuillez contacter Samuel Assembe sur s.assembe@cgiar.org<\/a> <\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ce travail s\u2019inscrit dans le cadre <\/span><\/span><\/em>Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l’agroforesterie<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span>, avec l’aide de l’Union Europ\u00e9enne.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Des b\u00fbcherons d’Afrique Centrale pourraient \u00eatre forc\u00e9s d’abandonner leur activit\u00e9 en raison des lourds co\u00fbts n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 leur mise en conformit\u00e9 avec les r\u00e8gles d’importation de bois en Europe et aux Etats-Unis, selon les experts du CIFOR. \u201cLes b\u00fbcherons doivent maintenant supporter les co\u00fbts li\u00e9s \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de nouveaux plans de gestion des for\u00eats, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":65,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[13,95,186,184],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[596],"class_list":["post-15320","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-governance","category-human-wellbeing","category-production-forests","category-value-chains-finance","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nR\u00e8gles am\u00e9ricaines et europ\u00e9ennes: cause de faillite pour des petits b\u00fbcherons d'Afrique Centrale\u00a0? 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