{"id":15311,"date":"2013-05-16T14:43:44","date_gmt":"2013-05-16T07:43:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=15311"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:47:13","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:47:13","slug":"des-forets-aux-commerces-fleurissants-dans-le-bassin-du-congo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/15311\/des-forets-aux-commerces-fleurissants-dans-le-bassin-du-congo","title":{"rendered":"Des for\u00eats aux commerces fleurissants dans le Bassin du Congo"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_15369\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15369\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/NTFPs.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-15369\" alt=\"Non-timber forest products, mainly used for subsistence, could provide a business opportunity for communities in the Congo Basin. Ollivier Girard\/CIFOR.\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/NTFPs-500x333.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15369\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Les produits non-ligneux forestiers, surtout utilis\u00e9s comme moyens de subsistance, pourraient constituer des opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques pour les communaut\u00e9s du Bassin du Congo. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/cifor\/7995365820\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Ollivier Girard<\/a>\/CIFOR.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #333333; font-size: 13px;\">De m\u00e9moire d&rsquo;Homme, les chasseurs et les cueilleurs ont toujours exist\u00e9, et les membres de nombreuses communaut\u00e9s du Bassin du Congo continuent d&rsquo;extraire leur nourriture, m\u00e9dicaments, combustibles et objets culturels directement de la for\u00eat. Ces modes de vie \u00e9tablis depuis si longtemps devraient-ils \u00eatre int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie moderne?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>C&rsquo;est ce que pense Abdon Awono, un scientifique du CIFOR bas\u00e9 au Cameroun.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Pouvons-nous reconna\u00eetre que les communaut\u00e9s locales ont besoin de choses telles que la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision et des services de sant\u00e9 modernes? Ma r\u00e9ponse est oui \u00bb, affirme le co-auteur du <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/4053.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Guide for small and medium enterprises in the sustainable non-timber forest product trade in Central Africa<\/a>*.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Si tel est le cas, elles ont besoin d&rsquo;argent. O\u00f9 le trouver? Dans leur environnement direct. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Les communaut\u00e9s locales du Cameroun et de R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) r\u00e9coltent la plupart des produits forestiers non ligneux (PFNL) &#8211; rotin, poisson, bois de chauffage, gibiers et plantes &#8211; pour leur propre consommation, la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de revenus et pour leur sant\u00e9. La recherche du CIFOR a identifi\u00e9 au moins 570 esp\u00e8ces de plantes et 110 animaux extraits de la vie sauvage rien qu&rsquo;au Cameroun.<\/p>\n<p>Les PFNL apportent aussi des avantages \u00e9conomiques aux communaut\u00e9s locales. En 2010, une \u00e9tude a estim\u00e9 que la valeur annuelle des principaux PFNL du Cameroun \u00e9quivalait \u00e0 plus d&rsquo;un milliard de dollars am\u00e9ricains par an. <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/4053.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Plus de 350 000 personnes sont employ\u00e9es<\/a> dans des petites entreprise \u00e0 travers le Cameroun et la RDC pour collecter les quinze PFNL les plus utilis\u00e9s &#8211; soit plus du double des emplois du secteur forestier formel dans les deux pays.<\/p>\n<p>Mais le nouveau guide du CIFOR souligne un probl\u00e8me: pr\u00e8s de 90% des petites et moyennes entreprises foresti\u00e8res interview\u00e9es dans ces deux pays op\u00e8rent sans permis  &#8211; donc ill\u00e9galement.<\/p>\n<p>Cela fait d&rsquo;elles des cibles faciles pour les fonctionnaires corrompus, qui s&#8217;empressent de regarder ailleurs d\u00e8s lors qu&rsquo;on leur offre un peu d&rsquo;argent liquide.<\/p>\n<p>En moyenne, les chauffeurs de camion qui transportent des feuilles de <em>Gnetum spp<\/em> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/11605\/apprivoiser-lokok-la-domestication-des-aliments-dorigine-forestiere-au-cameroun\/?utm_source=search+result&amp;utm_medium=Search+URL&amp;utm_campaign=Blog+search+result#.UXnY2yuAugN\">appel\u00e9es <em>eru<\/em> ou <em>fumbwa<\/em> dans les langues locales<\/a>) du Sud-Ouest du Cameroun \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re du Niger <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/4053.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">d\u00e9pensent plus de 500 dollars am\u00e9ricains en pots-de-vin sur 22 barrages routiers<\/a>* en chemin.<\/p>\n<p>Awono estime que si une administration d\u00e9centralis\u00e9e \u00e9mettait des licences de r\u00e9colte et de commerce reconnus, le poids de la corruption serait moindre et les taxes seraient redirig\u00e9es vers le budget national &#8211; \u00e0 condition que de telles r\u00e9formes soient accompagn\u00e9es de programmes permettant \u00ab d&rsquo;expliquer aux communaut\u00e9s en quoi consiste la l\u00e9gislation \u00bb.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border: solid 1px #dedede;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Ce sujet sera l&rsquo;un des th\u00e8mes discut\u00e9s lors de la conf\u00e9rence de deux jours<em><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/fr\/events\/cifors-20th-anniversary\/anniversary-events\/la-gestion-durable-des-forets-dafrique-centrale.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">La gestion durable des for\u00eats d&rsquo;Afrique centrale: hier, aujourd&rsquo;hui et demain<\/a><\/em> \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9 au Cameroun les 22 et 23 mai 2013.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Retrouvez les reportages du CIFOR sur les for\u00eats d&rsquo;Afrique Centrale sur <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.cifor.org\/fr\/yaounde\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">forestsnews.cifor.org\/fr\/yaounde<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Dans certains cas, une telle \u00e9volution requerrait de profonds changements dans les lois existantes.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Au Cameroun, la l\u00e9gislation foresti\u00e8re est en train d&rsquo;\u00eatre r\u00e9vis\u00e9e. Actuellement, elle permet de r\u00e9colter les PFNL pour une consommation locale uniquement \u00bb, explique-t-il.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Nous sugg\u00e9rons qu\u2019une nouvelle loi reconnaisse le commerce des PFNL par les communaut\u00e9s locales, afin de leur donner une chance de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer l\u00e9galement des revenus et de pouvoir s&rsquo;offrir l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation, le syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9, les v\u00eatements et autres biens domestiques qu&rsquo;elles ne produisent pas, pour d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer leurs modes de vie. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Encourager le commerce l\u00e9gal de produits naturels peut cependant repr\u00e9senter une nouvelle menace pour les for\u00eats d&rsquo;Afrique Centrale en recul.<\/p>\n<p>Les auteurs du guide du CIFOR pr\u00e9viennent: le d\u00e9veloppement de petites entreprises foresti\u00e8res doit s&rsquo;accompagner de m\u00e9canismes qui assurent \u00ab une r\u00e9serve suffisante de leur produit, non seulement pour la prochaine saison, mais aussi pour les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Cela implique l&rsquo;identification des techniques de r\u00e9colte les moins destructives, la domestication de davantage d&rsquo;esp\u00e8ces sauvages trouv\u00e9es dans la for\u00eats et leur inclusion dans des syst\u00e8mes agricoles.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Les gens ont l&rsquo;habitude de g\u00e9rer ces produits, pas forc\u00e9ment de mani\u00e8re durable, mais ils ont des techniques utiles. Cependant, ces-derni\u00e8res sont seulement connues de certaines communaut\u00e9s \u00bb, d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s Awono.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab La cl\u00e9, c&rsquo;est une recherche plus pouss\u00e9e sur ces questions, et une diffusion pratique de leurs r\u00e9sultats \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Le guide poss\u00e8de aussi une large partie compos\u00e9e de conseils pratiques pour faire des groupes de villageois d&rsquo;Afrique Centrale des petites entreprises prosp\u00e8res et durables. De l&#8217;emballage de noix de cola dans des feuilles pour une meilleure conservation \u00e0 des techniques basiques de marketing, en passant par le r\u00e9tablissement de la confiance entre les banques et les petites entreprises, il existe de multiples fa\u00e7ons pour que des partenaires comme le gouvernement, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile et le secteur priv\u00e9 aident cette nouvelle activit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9merger de mani\u00e8re durable.<\/p>\n<p>Prenez l&rsquo;exemple d&rsquo;Esther Foungong, qui vend des safous, un fruit de Makenene au Cameroun, depuis ses 14 ans. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/3832\/market-knowledge-empowers-traders-in-cameroon\/#.UXnZNCuAugM\">Depuis 2000, elle a re\u00e7u des conseils et des informations concernant les march\u00e9s de la part du CIFOR<\/a>* et elle exporte maintenant vers le Gabon.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Malgr\u00e9 mon jeune \u00e2ge, je prends soin de ma famille \u00bb, a-t-elle affirm\u00e9 aux chercheurs. \u00ab Je pense que je fais 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UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/>\n<w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/>\n<w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/>\n<\/w:LatentStyles>\n<\/xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 10]>\n\n\n\n<style>\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\ntable.MsoNormalTable\n{mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\nmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\nmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\nmso-style-noshow:yes;\nmso-style-priority:99;\nmso-style-parent:\"\";\nmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\nmso-para-margin:0in;\nmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\nmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\nfont-size:12.0pt;\nfont-family:Cambria;\nmso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;\nmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\nmso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;\nmso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}\n<\/style>\n\n<![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--><b><i><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Georgia;\">Pour plus d&rsquo;informations sur les questions discut\u00e9es dans cet article, veuillez contacter Abdon Awono sur <a href=\"mailto:a.awono@cgiar.org\">a.awono@cgiar.org<\/a><\/span><\/i><\/b><!--EndFragment--><\/p>\n<p><em>Ce travail s\u2019inscrit dans le cadre <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/forests-trees-agroforestry\/crp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l&rsquo;agroforesterie<\/a>, avec l&rsquo;aide de l&rsquo;Union Europ\u00e9enne.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>* Liens non traduits en fran\u00e7ais<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>De m\u00e9moire d&rsquo;Homme, les chasseurs et les cueilleurs ont toujours exist\u00e9, et les membres de nombreuses communaut\u00e9s du Bassin du Congo continuent d&rsquo;extraire leur nourriture, m\u00e9dicaments, combustibles et objets culturels directement de la for\u00eat. Ces modes de vie \u00e9tablis depuis si longtemps devraient-ils \u00eatre int\u00e9gr\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie moderne? C&rsquo;est ce que pense Abdon Awono, un [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[182,188,95,186,184],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1041],"class_list":["post-15311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-community-forestry","category-food-and-diets","category-human-wellbeing","category-production-forests","category-value-chains-finance","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Des for\u00eats aux commerces fleurissants dans le Bassin du Congo - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/15311\/des-forets-aux-commerces-fleurissants-dans-le-bassin-du-congo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Des for\u00eats aux commerces fleurissants dans le Bassin du Congo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"De m\u00e9moire d&rsquo;Homme, les chasseurs et les cueilleurs ont toujours exist\u00e9, et les membres de nombreuses communaut\u00e9s du Bassin du Congo continuent d&rsquo;extraire leur nourriture, m\u00e9dicaments, combustibles et objets culturels directement de la for\u00eat. 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