{"id":15279,"date":"2013-05-21T14:50:08","date_gmt":"2013-05-21T07:50:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=15279"},"modified":"2015-07-06T15:49:22","modified_gmt":"2015-07-06T08:49:22","slug":"reduire-les-emissions-liees-a-la-deforestation-au-cameroun-exige-des-expertises-variees-etude","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/15279\/reduire-les-emissions-liees-a-la-deforestation-au-cameroun-exige-des-expertises-variees-etude","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions li\u00e9es \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation au Cameroun exige des expertises vari\u00e9es: \u00e9tude"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"While<\/a>
Le Cameroun a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 faire des changements positifs en mati\u00e8re de gestion foresti\u00e8re mais les institutions doivent encore prouver leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 cr\u00e9er une direction et une coordination adapt\u00e9es.\u00a0Ollivier Girard<\/a>\/CIFOR.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Alors que le monde tente difficilement d’<\/span>appliquer un programme de l’ONU<\/a> visant \u00e0 ralentir les pertes et d\u00e9gradations de la for\u00eat (REDD+), une nouvelle \u00e9tude venue du Cameroun montre que la complexit\u00e9 de ce programme exige l’expertise d’acteurs vari\u00e9s, au sein et en dehors du gouvernement.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab La REDD+ couvrant des champs vari\u00e9s, on ne peut plus attendre du minist\u00e8re de l’Environnement qu’il m\u00e8ne le programme seul \u00bb, selon Denis Sonwa, scientifique du CIFOR et co-auteur de REDD+ policy strategy in Cameroon: Actors, institutions and governance<\/a>*.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Il est primordial que l’\u00e9tat se r\u00e9invente, comme une organisation qui a des choses \u00e0 apprendre, et qu’il tire profit de l’expertise offerte par d’autres acteurs du r\u00e9seau mondial afin de pouvoir assurer un r\u00f4le de directeur et de coordinateur dans la conception d’une strat\u00e9gie nationale REDD+ \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Bien que le niveau de d\u00e9forestation dans ce pays – qui poss\u00e8de la deuxi\u00e8me plus grande for\u00eat tropicale mondiale – demeure relativement faible, compar\u00e9 \u00e0 des r\u00e9gions similaires d’Asie et d’Am\u00e9rique latine, une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente r\u00e9v\u00e8le que le taux de croissance annuel de d\u00e9forestation dans le Bassin du Congo a doubl\u00e9 depuis 1990. La r\u00e9gion est donc devenue une cible prioritaire de l’aide internationale, afin de ralentir le taux de perte de for\u00eat.<\/p>\n

\n

Ce sujet sera l’un des th\u00e8mes discut\u00e9s lors de la conf\u00e9rence de deux jours La gestion durable des for\u00eats d’Afrique centrale: hier, aujourd’hui et demain<\/a><\/em> \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9 au Cameroun les 22 et 23 mai 2013. .<\/strong><\/p>\n

Retrouvez les reportages du CIFOR sur les for\u00eats d’Afrique Centrale sur forestsnews.cifor.org\/fr\/yaounde<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Le programme mondial REDD+ – qui participe \u00e0 l’effort d’att\u00e9nuation des effets du changement climatique<\/a> – vise \u00e0 r\u00e9mun\u00e9rer les pays en d\u00e9veloppement tr\u00e8s bois\u00e9s afin qu’ils conservent leurs arbres d\u00e9bout. Cela parce que, avec leur teneur en carbone, ils \u00e9mettent plus de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re quand ils sont coup\u00e9s ou br\u00fbl\u00e9s que l’ensemble des avions, voitures, camions et ferries.<\/p>\n

Des milliards de dollars sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 engag\u00e9s pour contribuer \u00e0 cette initiative, mais les pays riches en for\u00eat ont du mal \u00e0 proposer des politiques cr\u00e9dibles et des structures pour organiser les programmes REDD+.<\/p>\n

Alors que le Cameroun a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 faire des changements positifs en mati\u00e8re de gestion foresti\u00e8re, les institutions \u00e9tatiques doivent encore prouver leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 cr\u00e9er une direction et une coordination adapt\u00e9es pour mettre en place une strat\u00e9gie REDD+ nationale.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tude promeut l’id\u00e9e de \u00ab gouvernance au-del\u00e0 du gouvernement \u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Au Cameroun, des organisations vari\u00e9es ont des compr\u00e9hensions et des approches tr\u00e8s diverses de la gestion foresti\u00e8re et de la justice sociale. Par exemple, la recherche montre que quelques ONG locales ont une meilleure expertise des cons\u00e9quences sociales de la politique foresti\u00e8re \u00bb, explique Olufunso Somorin, scientifique du CIFOR et co-auteur de l’article.<\/p>\n

Construire \u00e0 partir des institutions existantes<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le Cameroun a l’avantage de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de forums impliquant de multiples acteurs dot\u00e9s d’une large exp\u00e9rience de la gestion foresti\u00e8re, ce qui pourrait contribuer \u00e0 une mise en place r\u00e9ussie de REDD+, remarque l’auteur.<\/p>\n

Par exemple, les \u00ab groupes de consultation<\/a>* \u00bb \u00e9tablis depuis longtemps entre les minist\u00e8res du gouvernement et les donneurs et organisations internationaux, ont permis de lutter contre des d\u00e9fis du d\u00e9veloppement durable, comme participer au Plan d’Action de l’Union europ\u00e9enne FLEGT (Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade<\/a>*), qui vise \u00e0 assurer que le bois export\u00e9 provient de sources v\u00e9rifiables et l\u00e9gales. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile soutien \u00e9galement depuis longtemps les revendications des communaut\u00e9s locales qui veulent g\u00e9rer leurs propres for\u00eats et partager les revenus tir\u00e9s des taxes foresti\u00e8res<\/a>.<\/p>\n

La question essentielle, d’apr\u00e8s l’\u00e9tude, est de savoir comment le pays peut construire \u00e0 partir de ces dispositions institutionnelles.<\/p>\n

Les intervenants locaux ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 cette question.<\/p>\n

Une plateforme informelle<\/a> se d\u00e9veloppe pour poser les bases d’une politique REDD+. Il faut esp\u00e9rer que cela encouragera la participation, encore insuffisante des communaut\u00e9s locales<\/a>* dans la conception et la mise en oeuvre de projet REDD+.<\/p>\n

Mais de nombreux d\u00e9fis demeurent.<\/p>\n

Le r\u00f4le du gouvernement est un probl\u00e8me majeur. Les relations entre le minist\u00e8re de l’Environnement et Protection de la Nature (qui, dans les faits, supervise le processus REDD+ du pays), et le minist\u00e8re des For\u00eats et de la Faune<\/a> (principal gardien des for\u00eats nationales) mettent en p\u00e9ril les progr\u00e8s du programme, selon Sonwa.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Leur interaction est troubl\u00e9e par des probl\u00e8mes de direction pour g\u00e9rer la coordination globale de la strat\u00e9gie nationale REDD+ \u00bb, dit-il.<\/p>\n

Les ministres de l’Agriculture et de la Planification ainsi que l’industrie agricole et les entreprises de bois doivent, eux aussi, s’impliquer davantage.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Il s’agit de freiner la d\u00e9forestation et de vendre ces progr\u00e8s \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 internationale, et pourtant ils ont du mal \u00e0 d\u00e9finir leurs r\u00f4les \u00bb, explique Sonwa.<\/p>\n

Mais il pressent que les investisseurs priv\u00e9s trouveront leur place quand il s’agira de d\u00e9cider \u00e0 qui appartiennent les cr\u00e9dits d’\u00e9missions.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Il faut avoir une vision et une compr\u00e9hension claires des opportunit\u00e9s et des contraintes de REDD+ concernant le d\u00e9veloppement durable, l’am\u00e9lioration de la gestion foresti\u00e8re et les r\u00f4les que le secteur priv\u00e9 et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile peuvent jouer \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Des efforts fructueux pour combler ces lacunes pourraient largement b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier au Cameroun, selon Sanwa.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Et, en tant que m\u00e9canisme ex\u00e9cutoire, REDD+ peut aider \u00e0 promouvoir les efforts encore insuffisants pour lutter contre la d\u00e9forestation au Cameroun \u00bb.<\/p>\n

* Liens non traduits en fran\u00e7ais<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations sur les questions discut\u00e9es dans cet article, veuillez contacter Denis Sonwa sur d.sonwa@cgiar.org<\/a><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Ce travail s\u2019inscrit dans le cadre Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l’agroforesterie<\/a>*, aid\u00e9 par le Centre de recherches pour le d\u00e9veloppement international (CRDI-IDRC), la Banque africaine de d\u00e9veloppement, le Department for International Development (DFID) et la Communaut\u00e9 \u00e9conomique des \u00e9tats de l’Afrique Centrale (CEEAC-ECCAS).<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alors que le monde tente difficilement d’appliquer un programme de l’ONU visant \u00e0 ralentir les pertes et d\u00e9gradations de la for\u00eat (REDD+), une nouvelle \u00e9tude venue du Cameroun montre que la complexit\u00e9 de ce programme exige l’expertise d’acteurs vari\u00e9s, au sein et en dehors du gouvernement. \u00ab La REDD+ couvrant des champs vari\u00e9s, on ne […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,137,13,180,151],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1041],"class_list":["post-15279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-forest-management-restoration","category-governance","category-mitigating-climate-change","category-redd-2","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nR\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions li\u00e9es \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation au Cameroun exige des expertises vari\u00e9es: \u00e9tude - 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