{"id":14802,"date":"2013-04-05T10:00:40","date_gmt":"2013-04-05T03:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=14802"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:19:02","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:19:02","slug":"financer-la-gestion-durable-des-forets-une-utilisation-inappropriee-des-fonds-publics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/14802\/financer-la-gestion-durable-des-forets-une-utilisation-inappropriee-des-fonds-publics","title":{"rendered":"Financer la gestion durable des for\u00eats\u00a0: une utilisation inappropri\u00e9e des fonds publics ?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Los<\/a>
Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 prouv\u00e9 que les for\u00eats g\u00e9r\u00e9es par des communaut\u00e9s b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient \u00e0 l’environnement, aux moyens de subsistance locaux et au climat mondial. Neil Palmer\/CIAT<\/a>.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (4 F\u00e9vrier 2013) _ Le long d\u00e9bat sur la meilleure fa\u00e7on de conserver les for\u00eats et d’am\u00e9liorer les moyens de subsistance dans les pays riches en for\u00eats tropicales a refait surface dans un rapport tr\u00e8s r\u00e9cent (et pas encore officiellement publi\u00e9) du Groupe ind\u00e9pendant d’\u00e9valuation (IEG) de la Banque mondiale, rapport\u00e9 dans le Guardian<\/a>* et relay\u00e9 par un blog de REDD-Monitor<\/a>*. Dans son rapport<\/a>*, l’IEG conclut qu’il y a peu de preuves que i) le soutien aux zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es par l’Etat ait am\u00e9lior\u00e9 les moyens de subsistance des populations locales, ii) l’appui aux r\u00e9formes sur les concessions du bois industriel ait conduit \u00e0 un d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique durable et inclusif, iii) les concessions de for\u00eats naturelles soient g\u00e9r\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re durable.<\/p>\n

Est-ce que, dans la r\u00e9vision de 2002 de sa \u00ab Forests Strategy \u00bb de 1991<\/a>*, la Banque mondiale a eu tort de lever l’interdiction sur l’intervention dans des endroits o\u00f9 l’exploitation foresti\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans des for\u00eats tropicales humides et d’envisager les investissements dans tous les types de for\u00eats ? Les lectures du rapport de l’IEG par le Guardian et le REDD-Monitor disent que \u00ab oui, absolument \u00bb et que la Banque mondiale ferait bien de d\u00e9placer son financement \u00ab loin du financement pour les entreprises foresti\u00e8res et des aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es g\u00e9r\u00e9es par les gouvernements, vers le soutien aux for\u00eats contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les communaut\u00e9s, qui sont prouv\u00e9es d’apporter des avantages pour l’environnement, les moyens de subsistance locaux et le climat mondial \u00bb.<\/p>\n

La lecture m\u00eame du rapport de l’IEG sugg\u00e8re une r\u00e9ponse plus nuanc\u00e9e, en notant les r\u00e9ussites – par exemple \u00ab Le soutien de la Banque mondiale aux r\u00e9formes sur les concessions du bois industriel dans les pays tropicaux ayant des for\u00eats humides a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 faire progresser l’\u00e9tat de droit, \u00e0 accro\u00eetre la transparence et la responsabilit\u00e9 … et \u00e0 mettre en vigueur des normes environnementales \u00bb – ainsi que les lacunes, en particulier li\u00e9es \u00e0 l’am\u00e9lioration des moyens de subsistance, la r\u00e9duction de la pauvret\u00e9 et le contr\u00f4le des op\u00e9rations de la Banque mondiale dans le secteur forestier.<\/p>\n

Malheureusement, il n’existe pas de r\u00e9ponse unique et facile \u00e0 la meilleure fa\u00e7on de conserver les for\u00eats et d’am\u00e9liorer les moyens de subsistance dans les pays riches en for\u00eats tropicales. Ceci est illustr\u00e9 dans un r\u00e9cent POLEX<\/a>* qui s’appuie sur des preuves venant d’Afrique centrale discut\u00e9es dans une \u00e9tude et des documents associ\u00e9s<\/a>*. Comme l’exposent ces articles et leurs sources, les cons\u00e9quences pour les for\u00eats et les gens sont beaucoup plus d\u00e9pendantes de la conception et la mise en \u0153uvre de l’intervention, et d’un partenariat constructif avec les communaut\u00e9s locales, que du fait que l’intervention soit dans une zone prot\u00e9g\u00e9e ou une concession foresti\u00e8re. Il est \u00e9galement clair que des forces ext\u00e9rieures plus larges, telles que les conditions \u00e9conomiques et les politiques dans des secteurs qui touchent les for\u00eats, ont un impact significatif sur les r\u00e9sultats vis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

D’un point de vue scientifique, le d\u00e9bat actuel montre \u00e9galement qu’une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence plus rigoureuse et syst\u00e9matique aux connaissances existantes est n\u00e9cessaire. Des questions politiques controvers\u00e9es, tels que \u00ab Est-ce que les fonds publics doivent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s pour investir dans la gestion durable des for\u00eats ? Et si oui, comment ? \u00bb, devraient \u00eatre adress\u00e9es avec des r\u00e9ponses fond\u00e9es sur des preuves. Le CIFOR travaille avec des partenaires afin de mettre en place le concept de foresterie bas\u00e9e sur des preuves, \u00e0 l’instar des sciences m\u00e9dicales<\/a> et comme le sugg\u00e8re l’initiative Research to Action<\/a>*. Cela ne veut pas dire que la recherche peut ou doit apporter toutes les r\u00e9ponses, mais plut\u00f4t qu’elle doit assurer que le d\u00e9bat politique soit d\u00fbment inform\u00e9 par les connaissances existantes. Il semblerait que ni l’\u00e9valuation ni le d\u00e9bat actuel n\u2019aient pleinement b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de telles contributions.<\/p>\n

Enfin, le d\u00e9bat montre aussi que le concept de gestion foresti\u00e8re durable n’est pas claire et n’a pas de cadre op\u00e9rationnel approuv\u00e9. Malgr\u00e9 plus de vingt ans de n\u00e9gociations, depuis que la Conf\u00e9rence de 1992 des Nations Unies sur l’Environnement et le D\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 Rio de Janeiro<\/a>* ait abouti dans les Principes relatifs aux for\u00eats<\/a>*, la gestion durable des for\u00eats est abord\u00e9e de diff\u00e9rentes mani\u00e8res par diff\u00e9rentes instances. Dans son interpr\u00e9tation la plus \u00e9troite, il s’agit de la gestion du bois, ce qui semble \u00eatre au centre du d\u00e9bat actuel. Une port\u00e9e aussi limit\u00e9e de la foresterie durable a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 introduite dans les n\u00e9gociations sur la REDD + de la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur le changement climatique<\/a>.<\/p>\n

En d’autres interpr\u00e9tations, tel que le Partenariat de collaboration sur les for\u00eats<\/a>, la gestion durable des for\u00eats repr\u00e9sente une approche plus large du d\u00e9veloppement durable, appliqu\u00e9e aux for\u00eats et \u00e0 la foresterie. Sans un meilleur accord sur ce que l’on entend par gestion durable des for\u00eats, le d\u00e9bat actuel est difficile \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre. Nous devrions envisager la gestion durable des for\u00eats comme un processus de co\u00e9volution entre les besoins changeants de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, la for\u00eat changeante, l’\u00e9volution du march\u00e9 et une industrie qui s’oriente vers des normes d’efficacit\u00e9 plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Notre objectif devrait \u00eatre de maintenir des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers fonctionnels qui fournissent un flux continu de biens et de services pour le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de tous. Il est possible que l’int\u00e9r\u00eat accru port\u00e9 au paysage dans son ensemble<\/a>, avec une perspective intersectorielle, puisse fournir un cadre approuv\u00e9 pour les actions politiques. Si ceci est le cas, faut-il disposer du concept de gestion durable des for\u00eats dans la poursuite du d\u00e9veloppement durable et de la gestion rationnelle des ressources naturelles ?<\/p>\n

* liens non traduits en fran\u00e7ais<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (4 F\u00e9vrier 2013) _ Le long d\u00e9bat sur la meilleure fa\u00e7on de conserver les for\u00eats et d’am\u00e9liorer les moyens de subsistance dans les pays riches en for\u00eats tropicales a refait surface dans un rapport tr\u00e8s r\u00e9cent (et pas encore officiellement publi\u00e9) du Groupe ind\u00e9pendant d’\u00e9valuation (IEG) de la Banque mondiale, rapport\u00e9 dans le […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":85,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[182,137,13,95,186,184],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2999],"coauthors":[851],"class_list":["post-14802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-community-forestry","category-forest-management-restoration","category-governance","category-human-wellbeing","category-production-forests","category-value-chains-finance","language-francais","type-francais-analyses"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFinancer la gestion durable des for\u00eats\u00a0: une utilisation inappropri\u00e9e des fonds publics ? 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