{"id":14374,"date":"2013-03-20T02:31:30","date_gmt":"2013-03-20T02:31:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=14374"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:32:37","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:32:37","slug":"la-culture-du-khat-en-ethiopie-alimente-leconomie-et-reduit-la-deforestation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/14374\/la-culture-du-khat-en-ethiopie-alimente-leconomie-et-reduit-la-deforestation","title":{"rendered":"La culture du khat en \u00c9thiopie alimente l\u00b4\u00e9conomie et r\u00e9duit la d\u00e9forestation"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Photo<\/a>
Photo reproduite avec la permission d\u00b4Alfred Weidinger\/flickr.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (21 mars 2012) _ Le khat – une plante \u00e0 feuilles utilis\u00e9e en tant que stimulant naturel dans la Corne de l’Afrique – est devenu l’\u00e9pine dorsale de l’\u00e9conomie de la r\u00e9gion, constituant la principale source de revenus pour les agriculteurs, ainsi que des emplois pour des milliers de personnes travaillant au diff\u00e9rent niveau de la cha\u00eene de valeur.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Comme les m\u00e9nages gagnent plus de revenus par la culture du khat, ils ont r\u00e9duit leur d\u00e9pendance de la vente du bois combustible – un des principaux moteurs de la d\u00e9forestation en Afrique \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Habtemariam Kassa, chercheur au CIFOR et co-auteur de Khat and livelihood dynamics in the Harer highlands of Ethiopia: Significance and challenges<\/a> (Khat et les dynamiques des moyens de subsistance dans les hauts plateaux Harer de l’\u00c9thiopie : Importance et d\u00e9fis).<\/p>\n

Dans une r\u00e9gion touch\u00e9e par des s\u00e9cheresses fr\u00e9quentes et une fertilit\u00e9 des sols en diminution, l’augmentation de la population agricole dans les hauts plateaux Harer en \u00c9thiopie a pos\u00e9, au cours des 40 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, des d\u00e9fis suppl\u00e9mentaires aux agriculteurs, en limitant davantage les terres arables et en r\u00e9duisant les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s fonci\u00e8res pour les m\u00e9nages agricoles.<\/p>\n

\u00ab En r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 des tailles plus petites des terres et des rendements c\u00e9r\u00e9aliers stagnants, les agriculteurs se sont tourn\u00e9s vers le khat (Catha edulis<\/i>), dont la production et le prix ont consid\u00e9rablement augment\u00e9 au fil du temps, et ceci a conduit \u00e0 une meilleure gestion des terres et une augmentation des revenus des m\u00e9nages \u00bb, indique l’\u00e9tude.<\/p>\n

Les agriculteurs des hauts plateaux Harare cultivent le khat depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es. Mais il est est devenu leur principale culture au cours des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies. Le khat s’est av\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00eatre une plante souple qui peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e dans le b\u00e2timent et la construction ainsi qu\u00b4en tant que bois combustible. Les feuilles restantes des branches commercialisables sont des aliments importants, en particulier pour les ch\u00e8vres.<\/p>\n

Le khat joue \u00e9galement un r\u00f4le essentiel dans la r\u00e9duction de l’\u00e9rosion et de la d\u00e9gradation des sols, vu que les parcelles o\u00f9 le khat a \u00e9t\u00e9 plant\u00e9 ne sont pas utilis\u00e9es pour le p\u00e2turage et sont mieux g\u00e9r\u00e9es par les agriculteurs en termes de terrasses et d’ajout de fumier.<\/p>\n

\u00ab La culture du khat ne nourrit pas seulement des m\u00e9nages, elle aide \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger nos for\u00eats \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Kassa.<\/p>\n

Alors que les agriculteurs des hauts plateaux Harer ont historiquement subsist\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un m\u00e9lange de cultures, les ventes de khat constituent aujourd’hui la principale source de revenu agricole. Le khat g\u00e9n\u00e8re le plus grand rendement \u00e0 l’hectare de terre cultiv\u00e9e par rapport \u00e0 d’autres cultures des hauts plateaux Harer, y compris le caf\u00e9, une autre culture principale \u00e9thiopienne.<\/p>\n

Depuis les ann\u00e9es 1970, la production de khat a augment\u00e9 le niveau d’emploi dans la r\u00e9gion, devenant l’occupation avec la croissance la plus rapide et la plus rentable qui implique des millions de paysans, de commer\u00e7ants et d\u00b4autres prestataires de services en particulier dans les hauts plateaux Harer. Bien que des chiffres officiels ne soient pas disponibles, des centaines de milliers de m\u00e9nages agricoles sont soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s \u00eatre directement impliqu\u00e9s dans la production et la commercialisation du khat. Kassa fait \u00e9cho aux conclusions d’\u00e9tudes ant\u00e9rieures qui ont montr\u00e9 que la production et la distribution du khat soutiennent d\u00e9sormais les moyens de subsistance de millions d’\u00c9thiopiens.<\/p>\n

Au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie, la culture du khat s’est \u00e9galement \u00e9tendue \u00e0 d’autres r\u00e9gions de l’\u00c9thiopie et est devenue une partie int\u00e9grante de l’agriculture dans les r\u00e9gions montagneuses du centre et de l’ouest de l’\u00c9thiopie, a dit Kassa.<\/p>\n

En r\u00e9pondant aux pr\u00e9occupations des d\u00e9cideurs politiques et des sp\u00e9cialistes du d\u00e9veloppement qui mettent en question la viabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 long terme d’un syst\u00e8me agricole domin\u00e9 par le khat, l’\u00e9tude souligne la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de diversifier l’\u00e9conomie r\u00e9gionale et avertit que la production de khat ne peut pas r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande alimentaire croissante de l\u00b4\u00c9thiopie.<\/p>\n

Toutefois, face aux pr\u00e9occupations de sant\u00e9 publique concernant la d\u00e9pendance au khat et face \u00e0 la pression internationale croissante pour interdire sa distribution Kassa insiste \u00e9galement sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de politiques efficaces pour mieux g\u00e9rer la production, la consommation et le commerce du khat, et de cr\u00e9er une politique d\u00b4appui et un soutient institutionnel afin d\u00b4encourager l’\u00e9pargne des revenus issus de la production et de la commercialisation du khat et d\u00b4encourager les investissements dans des options de moyens de subsistance alternatifs.<\/p>\n

Les avantages \u00e9cologiques et \u00e9conomiques doivent \u00eatre mis en balance avec la sant\u00e9 et d’autres inconv\u00e9nients sociaux. La n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’une r\u00e9flexion attentive et clairvoyante est soulign\u00e9e par toutes les parties int\u00e9ress\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Vu que l\u00b4\u00e9conomie des m\u00e9nages et l\u00b4\u00e9conomie r\u00e9gionale bas\u00e9es sur le khat sont d\u00e9pendantes du march\u00e9 d’exportation, toute interdiction d’importation aura un impact d\u00e9vastateur sur les moyens de subsistance de nombreuses personnes dans les hauts plateaux Harer\u00bb, a t-il ajout\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (21 mars 2012) _ Le khat – une plante \u00e0 feuilles utilis\u00e9e en tant que stimulant naturel dans la Corne de l’Afrique – est devenu l’\u00e9pine dorsale de l’\u00e9conomie de la r\u00e9gion, constituant la principale source de revenus pour les agriculteurs, ainsi que des emplois pour des milliers de personnes travaillant au diff\u00e9rent […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":39,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,182,161,95],"tags":[371,51,280,500,4373],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[229],"class_list":["post-14374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-community-forestry","category-deforestation","category-human-wellbeing","tag-deforestation","tag-development","tag-ethiopia","tag-khat","tag-livelihoods","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa culture du khat en \u00c9thiopie alimente l\u00b4\u00e9conomie et r\u00e9duit la d\u00e9forestation - 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