{"id":14205,"date":"2013-03-11T04:33:24","date_gmt":"2013-03-11T04:33:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=14205"},"modified":"2015-07-06T15:34:53","modified_gmt":"2015-07-06T08:34:53","slug":"une-bureaucratie-paralysante-retient-les-scieurs-congolais-dans-un-bourbier-juridique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/14205\/une-bureaucratie-paralysante-retient-les-scieurs-congolais-dans-un-bourbier-juridique","title":{"rendered":"Une bureaucratie paralysante retient les scieurs congolais dans un bourbier juridique"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Sign<\/a>
Photo de Terry Sunderland\/CIFOR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (28 mars 2012) _ Les operateurs de tron\u00e7onneuse \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle en R\u00e9publique du Congo risquent de perdre leurs moyens de subsistance, car la bureaucratie paralysante rend ces scieurs incapable d\u00b4obtenir les permis d’exploitation n\u00e9cessaires pour r\u00e9pondre aux conditions d’un nouveau accord forestier avec la Commission europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n

L’Accord de Partenariat Volontaire (APV) exige que tous les produits issus de la for\u00eat doivent \u00eatre l\u00e9gaux et tra\u00e7ables d\u00b4ici 2013, mais selon un article occasionnel du CIFOR, le syst\u00e8me actuel de d\u00e9livrance des permis pour abattre des arbres pour le march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur n’incite gu\u00e8re les scieurs \u00ab informels \u00bb de respecter la loi. Au lieu de cela, les candidats sont d\u00e9courag\u00e9s par des \u00ab tracasseries administratives \u00bb sans fin et des co\u00fbts \u00e9lev\u00e9s, laissant le secteur ouvert \u00e0 la corruption.<\/p>\n

\u00ab C’est un pi\u00e8ge typique que nous avons trouv\u00e9 dans tous les pays que nous avons \u00e9valu\u00e9 : le Cameroun, le Gabon, la R\u00e9publique du Congo et la R\u00e9publique Centrafricaine \u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 Paolo Cerutti, chercheur au CIFOR et co-auteur de The domestic market for small-scale chainsaw milling in the Republic of Congo<\/i><\/a> (Le march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur pour les sciages \u00e0 la tron\u00e7onneuse \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle dans la R\u00e9publique du Congo). \u00ab D’un c\u00f4t\u00e9, on a une r\u00e9elle demande pour ce bois par le march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur … [tandis que] de l’autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, vous avez des fonctionnaires de l’\u00c9tat qui profitent du fait que les scieurs ne peuvent pas obtenir les titres l\u00e9gaux d’exploitation foresti\u00e8re. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Selon le rapport, les en qu\u00eate des permis sp\u00e9ciaux doivent attendre plusieurs semaines avant que leur demande soit approuv\u00e9e.. Les temps de r\u00e9ponse officiels sont rarement respect\u00e9s et les co\u00fbts ont tendance \u00e0 s’accumuler. Selon les r\u00e9sultats des recherches ant\u00e9rieures men\u00e9es par Alain No\u00ebl Ampolo, l’autorisation d’abattre des arbres autour de la capitale Brazzaville co\u00fbte chaque scieur environ 400.000 francs CFA (807 USD), une somme que peu de personnes peuvent en avoir . Parmi ceux qui le peuvent, beaucoup finissent par tomber dans l’ill\u00e9galit\u00e9. Avec des allocations mensuelles d’abattage limit\u00e9es \u00e0 seulement cinq arbres \u00e0 des fins commerciales, les scieurs utilisent souvent leurs permis plus longtemps qu’ils sont valides et d\u00e9passent leurs quotas.<\/p>\n

Ce n\u00b4est donc pas surprenant que les scientifiques ont d\u00e9couvert que sur les 62 r\u00e9pondants, seulement deux (ou 3 pour cent) ont eu une sorte de permis d’exploitation au moment de l’enqu\u00eate. Toutes les personnes interrog\u00e9es \u00e9taient des tron\u00e7onneurs \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle situ\u00e9s \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des villes de Pointe-Noire ou de Brazzaville.<\/p>\n

Cela arrive \u00e0 un moment o\u00f9 la demande urbaine en bois augmente. En voyant une faille dans la cha\u00eene d’approvisionnement, des bureaux r\u00e9gionaux du Minist\u00e8re de l’\u00c9conomie foresti\u00e8re ont mis en place des mesures d’adaptation qui ne sont pas totalement en accord avec la loi, selon l\u00b4article. Cela comprend la d\u00e9livrance de permis officiels \u00e0 couvrir des zones – o\u00f9 le bois est contr\u00f4l\u00e9 par les bureaux r\u00e9gionaux \u2013 dans lesquelles les scieurs peuvent couper et traiter un certain nombre d’arbres.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Certains fonctionnaires de l’\u00c9tat mettent en place une sorte de \u00ab contrat d\u00b4exploitation foresti\u00e8re \u00bb avec les b\u00fbcherons … [tandis que d’autres] profitent du fait que les tron\u00e7onneurs ne peuvent pas mettre la main sur des titres l\u00e9gaux d’exploitation foresti\u00e8re et demandent des pots-de-vin tout au long de la cha\u00eene de production \u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 Mr Cerutti.<\/p>\n

N\u00e9anmoins, des mouvements vers la professionnalisation de l’industrie sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 en cours. En vertu de l’APV, le Congo promet que d’ici l’ann\u00e9e prochaine toute la production de bois en provenance des for\u00eats sera suivie et l\u00e9gale, \u00e0 la fois pour l’exportation et la consommation nationale. L’accord vise \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la gouvernance environnementale et la durabilit\u00e9 de la gestion foresti\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

Cette n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de renforcer les institutions propres \u00e0 chaque pays afin de r\u00e9pondre aux nouveaux objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement durable est \u00e9galement abord\u00e9e \u00e0 la conf\u00e9rence Rio+20<\/a> de cet \u00e9t\u00e9. Au cours de cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement de trois jours, les organisateurs esp\u00e8rent aborder les enjeux relatifs \u00e0 la coh\u00e9rence et la coordination \u00e0 plus grande \u00e9chelle entre la gouvernance au niveau r\u00e9gional, national et local.<\/p>\n

Bien que l’APV ait recueilli beaucoup de soutien, y compris du Ghana et du Cameroun qui ont fait des promesses similaires, les questions sur la capacit\u00e9 de l’accord de transformer l’\u00e9conomie informelle du bois domestique persistent. Ceci est particuli\u00e8rement inqui\u00e9tant \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que le march\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 largement ignor\u00e9 durant la p\u00e9riode pr\u00e9paratoire de la mise en \u0153uvre de l’APV. Certains craignent que sans y mettre l’attention n\u00e9cessaire, un tel changement radical pourrait avoir des effets n\u00e9gatifs non seulement sur la main-d’\u0153uvre directe, estim\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 50.000 dans les pays \u00e9valu\u00e9s, mais aussi sur les \u00e9conomies rurales qui sont actuellement soutenues par cette main-d\u00b4\u0153uvre.<\/p>\n

\u00ab L\u00b4abattage \u00e0 la tron\u00e7onneuse est une source tr\u00e8s importante pour les \u00e9conomies locales, et par cons\u00e9quent toute mise en \u0153uvre de l’APV doit \u00eatre extr\u00eamement prudente [afin] de ne pas \u00e9changer les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices actuelles avec un statut \u00ab l\u00e9gal \u00bb impos\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u00b4avenir qui pourrait an\u00e9antir ces derniers, soit en criminalisant les b\u00fbcherons ou en les envoyant \u00e0 la faillite \u00bb, a dit Guillaume Lescuyer, scientifique au CIRAD \/ CIFOR et co-auteur du rapport.<\/p>\n

Afin d’assurer que Rio +20 offre un message global que les for\u00eats importent pour le d\u00e9veloppement durable, le CIFOR coordonnera l’une des plus importantes conf\u00e9rences sur les for\u00eats le 19 Juin 2012. <\/i>Forests: The 8th Roundtable at Rio+20<\/a><\/i> <\/i>discutera des nouveaux r\u00e9sultats de la recherche, des lacunes restantes dans les connaissances et des implications politiques pour l’int\u00e9gration des for\u00eats dans les solutions aux quatre d\u00e9fis cl\u00e9s afin de progresser vers une \u00e9conomie verte: <\/i>l\u00b4\u00e9nergie, la nourriture et le revenu<\/a><\/i>, l\u00b4eau, et le climat<\/span>. Les places sont limit\u00e9es alors <\/i>inscrivez-vous ici<\/a><\/i> <\/i>pour \u00e9viter d’\u00eatre d\u00e9\u00e7u!<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (28 mars 2012) _ Les operateurs de tron\u00e7onneuse \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle en R\u00e9publique du Congo risquent de perdre leurs moyens de subsistance, car la bureaucratie paralysante rend ces scieurs incapable d\u00b4obtenir les permis d’exploitation n\u00e9cessaires pour r\u00e9pondre aux conditions d’un nouveau accord forestier avec la Commission europ\u00e9enne. L’Accord de Partenariat Volontaire (APV) exige […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[182,13,95,186,184],"tags":[421,371,51,382,4373,248],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[237],"class_list":["post-14205","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-community-forestry","category-governance","category-human-wellbeing","category-production-forests","category-value-chains-finance","tag-congo","tag-deforestation","tag-development","tag-forest-management","tag-livelihoods","tag-logging","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUne bureaucratie paralysante retient les scieurs congolais dans un bourbier juridique - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/14205\/une-bureaucratie-paralysante-retient-les-scieurs-congolais-dans-un-bourbier-juridique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Une bureaucratie paralysante retient les scieurs congolais dans un bourbier juridique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (28 mars 2012) _ Les operateurs de tron\u00e7onneuse \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle en R\u00e9publique du Congo risquent de perdre leurs moyens de subsistance, car la bureaucratie paralysante rend ces scieurs incapable d\u00b4obtenir les permis d’exploitation n\u00e9cessaires pour r\u00e9pondre aux conditions d’un nouveau accord forestier avec la Commission europ\u00e9enne. 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