{"id":13607,"date":"2013-01-22T07:21:36","date_gmt":"2013-01-22T07:21:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=13607"},"modified":"2015-09-30T16:17:22","modified_gmt":"2015-09-30T09:17:22","slug":"le-bois-de-feu-entraine-la-deforestation-dans-le-bassin-du-congo-tout-en-etant-une-source-potentielle-denergie-renouvelable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/13607\/le-bois-de-feu-entraine-la-deforestation-dans-le-bassin-du-congo-tout-en-etant-une-source-potentielle-denergie-renouvelable","title":{"rendered":"Le bois de feu entra\u00eene la d\u00e9forestation dans le bassin du Congo, tout en \u00e9tant une source potentielle d’\u00e9nergie renouvelable"},"content":{"rendered":"

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BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (11 avril 2012)_ La surexploitation du bois de feu, r\u00e9sultant de la forte d\u00e9pendance de cette ressource dans le bassin du Congo en Afrique, est \u00e0 l’origine de la d\u00e9gradation et la d\u00e9forestation pr\u00e8s des zones o\u00f9 la demande est \u00e9lev\u00e9e, mais le bois reste une source potentielle d’\u00e9nergie renouvelable, selon une \u00e9tude.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Le bois de feu est une \u00e9nergie renouvelable potentielle gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration et la croissance g\u00e9r\u00e9es ou spontan\u00e9es des ressources ligneuses \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le chercheur Jolien Schure associ\u00e9 au CIFOR et co-auteur de l\u00b4\u00e9tude intitul\u00e9e Contribution of woodfuel to meet the energy needs of the population of Central Africa: prospects for sustainable management of available resources<\/a> (La contribution des combustibles ligneux pour satisfaire les besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques de la population en Afrique centrale: perspectives pour la gestion durable des ressources disponibles).<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les initiatives de plantations de bois de feu et de syst\u00e8mes agroforestiers, qui incluent les arbres en tant que combustible, peuvent fournir des sources durables d\u00b4\u00e9nergie \u00e0 partir du bois \u00bb.<\/p>\n

L\u00b4am\u00e9lioration de l’efficacit\u00e9, tant au niveau des producteurs que des consommateurs, peut am\u00e9liorer le caract\u00e8re renouvelable de la ressource.<\/p>\n

Le bois de feu et le charbon de bois ont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 90 pour cent de tout le bois r\u00e9colt\u00e9 dans les for\u00eats africaines, selon l\u00b4Organisation des Nations unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture (FAO) en 2011, cit\u00e9 dans le rapport du CIFOR. Des pratiques non durables dans la r\u00e9gion de l’Afrique centrale sont principalement observ\u00e9es dans les zones p\u00e9ri-urbaines – celles qui jouxtent les zones urbaines -, les zones de savane et les zones autour des espaces forestiers prot\u00e9g\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Le bois de feu est une source d’\u00e9nergie faible quand il est produit de mani\u00e8re durable. Lorsque le bois est br\u00fbl\u00e9, la m\u00eame quantit\u00e9 de carbone qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 absorb\u00e9e au cours de sa dur\u00e9e de vie est \u00e9mise. Un arbre absorbe autant de carbone qu\u00b4il lib\u00e8re, alors tant que de nouveaux arbres continuent de pousser \u00e0 la place de ceux qui sont utilis\u00e9s en tant que carburant, les quantit\u00e9s relatives de carbone \u00e9mises dans l’atmosph\u00e8re resteront stables.<\/p>\n

Pointe-noire, le centre \u00e9conomique de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, a plus de deux d\u00e9cennies d’exp\u00e9rience avec les plantations industrielles de bois de feu. On y utilise l’exc\u00e9dent des plantations clonales d’eucalyptus qui produisent des b\u00fbches et des copeaux de bois pour l’exportation en tant que bois de feu pour la population urbaine.<\/p>\n

Le rapport estime que l’approvisionnement en bois de feu de ces plantations d’eucalyptus pr\u00e8s de Pointe-noire \u00e9vite la d\u00e9forestation de plus de 1.000 hectares de for\u00eats naturelles par an.<\/p>\n

Cependant, selon Mr Schure, il serait important que les mouvements vers des mesures plus \u00e9cologiques prennent en compte les moyens de subsistance qui d\u00e9pendent du secteur du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l\u00b4offre et de la demande.<\/p>\n

Plus de 300 000 personnes travaillent dans la production et le commerce de bois de feu dans la ville de Kinshasa au Congo. Les revenus du bois de feu fournissent les producteurs avec les capitaux n\u00e9cessaires pour investir, par exemples, dans l’agriculture, l’\u00e9levage et la p\u00eache.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les plans futurs pour l’\u00e9nergie et le d\u00e9veloppement doivent tenir compte du potentiel que offrent les march\u00e9s du bois de feu pour r\u00e9duire la pauvret\u00e9, en particulier en ce qui concerne les producteurs qui forment la majorit\u00e9 des acteurs impliqu\u00e9s \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Mr Schure.<\/p>\n

L’approvisionnement en bois de feu au Congo est grand. Le pays a produit environ 54,7 millions de tonnes de bois de feu (75,4 millions de m\u00e8tres cubes) en 2009, ce qui repr\u00e9sente 94 pour cent de sa production totale de bois rond, selon les donn\u00e9es ForeSTAT de la FAO en 2011.<\/p>\n

Les 4,9 millions de m\u00e8tres cubes de bois de feu g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s pour les villes de Kinshasa et de Kisangani d\u00e9passent m\u00eame de plus de 12 fois le volume de la production officielle nationale en bois.<\/p>\n

La demande est \u00e9galement forte, avec 83 pour cent de la population en Afrique sub-saharienne utilisant le bois de feu pour faire la cuisine. Les entreprises tels que les boulangeries, les forgerons, les brasseries, les restaurants et les briquetiers d\u00e9pendent \u00e9galement du bois de feu.<\/p>\n

Le R\u00e9duction des Emissions de carbone issues de la D\u00e9forestation et de la D\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats (REDD +) donne l’\u00e9lan pour soutenir un secteur durable d\u00b4\u00e9nergie produite \u00e0 partir du bois.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les politiques sur le changement climatique peuvent int\u00e9grer la s\u00e9questration du carbone au niveau de la production \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Mr Schure.<\/p>\n

Il a ajout\u00e9 que la plantation d’arbres d’acacia au Plateau de Bateke a contribu\u00e9 au reboisement de cette zone et son syst\u00e8me de croissance en rotation a simultan\u00e9ment aliment\u00e9 Kinshasa en charbon de bois.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Il y a aussi des \u00e9conomies d\u00b4\u00e9missions \u00e0 faire au niveau de la consommation en utilisant des cuisini\u00e8res plus efficaces. Nous devons comprendre pourquoi les personnes n’ont pas encore adopt\u00e9 ces cuisini\u00e8res. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Tous types de mesures formelles pour transformer le bois de feu en une source d’\u00e9nergie renouvelable devraient envisager les syst\u00e8mes traditionnels existants.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Vu que la plupart de l’acc\u00e8s aux ressources foresti\u00e8res se fait \u00e0 travers des droits fonciers coutumiers, toute intervention dans le secteur des combustibles ligneux doit prendre en compte le r\u00f4le important des autorit\u00e9s locales traditionnelles \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Mr Schure.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (11 avril 2012)_ La surexploitation du bois de feu, r\u00e9sultant de la forte d\u00e9pendance de cette ressource dans le bassin du Congo en Afrique, est \u00e0 l’origine de la d\u00e9gradation et la d\u00e9forestation pr\u00e8s des zones o\u00f9 la demande est \u00e9lev\u00e9e, mais le bois reste une source potentielle d’\u00e9nergie renouvelable, selon une \u00e9tude. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,188,95,180],"tags":[421,371,901,289,382],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[271],"class_list":["post-13607","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-food-and-diets","category-human-wellbeing","category-mitigating-climate-change","tag-congo","tag-deforestation","tag-food-fuel","tag-food-security","tag-forest-management","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe bois de feu entra\u00eene la d\u00e9forestation dans le bassin du Congo, tout en \u00e9tant une source potentielle d'\u00e9nergie renouvelable - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/13607\/le-bois-de-feu-entraine-la-deforestation-dans-le-bassin-du-congo-tout-en-etant-une-source-potentielle-denergie-renouvelable\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le bois de feu entra\u00eene la d\u00e9forestation dans le bassin du Congo, tout en \u00e9tant une source potentielle d'\u00e9nergie renouvelable\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (11 avril 2012)_ La surexploitation du bois de feu, r\u00e9sultant de la forte d\u00e9pendance de cette ressource dans le bassin du Congo en Afrique, est \u00e0 l’origine de la d\u00e9gradation et la d\u00e9forestation pr\u00e8s des zones o\u00f9 la demande est \u00e9lev\u00e9e, mais le bois reste une source potentielle d’\u00e9nergie renouvelable, selon une \u00e9tude. 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