{"id":13565,"date":"2013-01-18T06:59:11","date_gmt":"2013-01-18T06:59:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=13565"},"modified":"2015-09-30T16:17:20","modified_gmt":"2015-09-30T09:17:20","slug":"la-mesure-du-developpement-durable-doit-etre-simple-et-abordable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/13565\/la-mesure-du-developpement-durable-doit-etre-simple-et-abordable","title":{"rendered":"La mesure du d\u00e9veloppement durable doit \u00eatre simple et abordable"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Development<\/a>
Development goals and the way they are measured should be kept simple. Shawn\/Save the Children USA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Des n\u00e9gociations politiques sont en cours pour d\u00e9battre des nouveaux objectifs universels. La communaut\u00e9 rassembl\u00e9e \u00e0 Rio+20<\/a> a convenu en effet d’\u00e9laborer des Objectifs de D\u00e9veloppement Durable<\/a> (ODD) qui guideraient les actions entreprises en vertu de l’agenda du d\u00e9veloppement post-2015 et d\u00e9finiraient en principe \u00ab L\u2019avenir que nous voulons \u00bb tel que le pr\u00e9sente le document final de Rio+20<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Les calendriers des r\u00e9unions et les plannings des d\u00e9placements font maintenant l’objet de concertations en vue de faire avancer le processus des ODD. Aux yeux des personnes qui sont impliqu\u00e9es dans les activit\u00e9s li\u00e9es au d\u00e9veloppement sous la houlette des Nations Unies, ce processus peut appara\u00eetre comme un moyen vers l’avenir que nous voulons. Comme l’\u00e9crivait Ross Coggins en 1976 dans un po\u00e8me intitul\u00e9 \u00ab The Development Set<\/i><\/a> \u00bb :
\n\u00ab Our thoughts are deep and our vision global \u00bb, c’est-\u00e0-dire \u00ab Notre r\u00e9flexion est approfondie et notre vision plan\u00e9taire \u00bb. Une sagesse nouvelle se d\u00e9gagera sans doute un jour et sera diffus\u00e9e par tous ceux qui twittent.<\/p>\n

Cependant, nous savons aussi d’exp\u00e9rience que les processus d’inspiration politique n’aboutissent pas automatiquement \u00e0 des situations claires. Les indicateurs de d\u00e9veloppement universels dont nous disposons actuellement sont issus des Objectifs du Mill\u00e9naire pour le D\u00e9veloppement<\/a> (OMD). Au total, 60 indicateurs<\/a> sur des th\u00e8mes tr\u00e8s importants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s, allant du taux de mortalit\u00e9 infantile aux \u00e9missions de CO2<\/sub>, en passant par l’utilisation du pr\u00e9servatif lors des rapports sexuels \u00e0 haut risque. Les for\u00eats ne sont pas oubli\u00e9es non plus puisqu’elles figurent sous l’indicateur intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Proportion de superficie couverte par la for\u00eat \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Si, gr\u00e2ce aux rapports sur les indicateurs des OMD<\/a>, nous sommes davantage conscients et mieux inform\u00e9s des questions de d\u00e9veloppement, il reste n\u00e9anmoins difficile de d\u00e9duire de cet ensemble d’informations complexes ce que nous entendons par progr\u00e8s et, plus important encore, comment nous mesurons ce progr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n

Je plaiderai en faveur d’une pr\u00e9sentation simple des informations. Si nous voulons que le d\u00e9veloppement durable soit compris par tous et souhait\u00e9 par la majorit\u00e9 des personnes, il nous faut \u00e9viter la complexit\u00e9, en sachant qu’elle n’est pas forc\u00e9ment synonyme de perfectionnement extr\u00eame, mais parfois de d\u00e9tails superflus. D’aucuns affirment que le diable se cache dans les d\u00e9tails, mais c’est peut-\u00eatre l’inverse : les d\u00e9tails eux-m\u00eames sont pernicieux.<\/p>\n

En d’autres termes, nous devons pouvoir d\u00e9crire le d\u00e9veloppement durable o\u00f9 que nous soyons et \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9chelles. Et ceci doit \u00eatre facile \u00e0 comprendre et pas trop on\u00e9reux \u00e0 mesurer. Surtout pour ceux qui investissent dans des entreprises qui doivent \u00eatre \u00e0 la fois rentables et durables.<\/p>\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement durable comporte trois dimensions : \u00e9conomique, sociale et environnementale. La conf\u00e9rence de Rio+20 a bien fait de repr\u00e9ciser ce concept, qui remonte \u00e0 la Commission Brundtland<\/a> en 1987 et \u00e0 la Conf\u00e9rence sur l’Environnement humain<\/a> de Stockholm en 1972.<\/p>\n

Pourquoi ne pas revenir \u00e0 cette base adopt\u00e9e d’un commun accord ? Il me semble que quatre mesures pourraient suffire pour savoir si nous sommes sur la voie du d\u00e9veloppement durable :<\/p>\n

1. La dimension \u00e9conomique du d\u00e9veloppement durable ira toujours de pair avec une croissance constante du revenu<\/i>. Les \u00e9conomistes d\u00e9battront du type de revenu qu’il convient d’utiliser, mais la mesure se fera en termes mon\u00e9taires, c’est-\u00e0-dire \u0394<\/b>$.<\/b><\/p>\n

2. La dimension sociale traite d’un large \u00e9ventail de questions allant de l’\u00e9ducation au droit \u00e0 la sant\u00e9. Une mesure d\u2019ordre g\u00e9n\u00e9ral pourrait cependant concerner les modalit\u00e9s de d\u00e9termination des priorit\u00e9s et des actions dans ces domaines. Dans ce sens, une mesure utile consisterait \u00e0 favoriser une hausse constante du nombre de personnes impliqu\u00e9es dans les prises de d\u00e9cisions<\/i>, c’est-\u00e0-dire \u0394<\/b>n<\/b>.<\/p>\n

La dimension environnementale \u00e9tant encore plus complexe, je propose deux mesures g\u00e9n\u00e9rales qui nous renseigneront \u00e0 propos de l’impact direct sur l’environnement et aussi \u00e0 propos de la r\u00e9silience de la nature et de l’humanit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

3. D’abord, une r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration continue de la biomasse dans les paysages<\/i> pourrait avoir plusieurs retomb\u00e9es positives, c’est-\u00e0-dire \u0394<\/b>tC<\/b> (tonnes de carbone).<\/p>\n

4. Deuxi\u00e8mement, la r\u00e9duction constante du recours aux combustibles fossiles par<\/i> produit fabriqu\u00e9<\/i> est souhaitable, c’est-\u00e0-dire \u0394<\/b>J\/$<\/b> (Joule\/USD, ou efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique).<\/p>\n

Si ces quatre mesures montrent des tendances positives \u00e0 long terme, ou se maintiennent \u00e0 des niveaux satisfaisants, alors je crois que nous pourrons affirmer que notre d\u00e9veloppement est durable :<\/p>\n

DD =<\/b> \u0394<\/b>$ + \u0394<\/b>n + \u0394<\/b>tC – \u0394<\/b>J\/$<\/b><\/p>\n

Naturellement, il ne suffit pas de croire. Je souhaite vivement que des donn\u00e9es scientifiques puissent nous permettre de mesurer efficacement le d\u00e9veloppement durable.<\/p>\n

En attendant, il sera int\u00e9ressant de suivre le processus officiel de mise en place des ODD.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Des n\u00e9gociations politiques sont en cours pour d\u00e9battre des nouveaux objectifs universels. La communaut\u00e9 rassembl\u00e9e \u00e0 Rio+20 a convenu en effet d’\u00e9laborer des Objectifs de D\u00e9veloppement Durable (ODD) qui guideraient les actions entreprises en vertu de l’agenda du d\u00e9veloppement post-2015 et d\u00e9finiraient en principe \u00ab L\u2019avenir que nous voulons \u00bb tel que le pr\u00e9sente le […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,188,95,180],"tags":[480,526],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2965],"coauthors":[680],"class_list":["post-13565","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-food-and-diets","category-human-wellbeing","category-mitigating-climate-change","tag-rio","tag-sustainable-development","language-francais","type-francais-chronique-du-dg"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa mesure du d\u00e9veloppement durable doit \u00eatre simple et abordable - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/13565\/la-mesure-du-developpement-durable-doit-etre-simple-et-abordable\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La mesure du d\u00e9veloppement durable doit \u00eatre simple et abordable\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Des n\u00e9gociations politiques sont en cours pour d\u00e9battre des nouveaux objectifs universels. 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