{"id":12641,"date":"2012-11-29T08:19:03","date_gmt":"2012-11-29T08:19:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=12641"},"modified":"2015-09-30T16:17:20","modified_gmt":"2015-09-30T09:17:20","slug":"la-nouvelle-approche-pour-determiner-les-niveaux-demissions-de-reference-est-une-premiere-etape-cruciale-pour-la-redd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/12641\/la-nouvelle-approche-pour-determiner-les-niveaux-demissions-de-reference-est-une-premiere-etape-cruciale-pour-la-redd","title":{"rendered":"La nouvelle approche pour d\u00e9terminer les niveaux d&rsquo;\u00e9missions de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence est une premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape cruciale pour la REDD +"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_9573\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9573\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/9572\/new-approach-to-setting-reference-emissions-levels-a-crucial-first-step-for-redd\/2963055406_61af1d570f_b1\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-9573\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-9573\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/2963055406_61af1d570f_b1-500x377.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"377\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9573\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Pasi Haapakorva<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Les scientifiques du Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re internationale ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une m\u00e9thode innovante qui permet aux pays de commencer \u00e0 \u00e9tablir les Niveaux d&rsquo;Emissions de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre \u2013 afin d&rsquo;estimer la quantit\u00e9 de carbone stock\u00e9e dans leurs for\u00eats et le niveau des r\u00e9ductions d&rsquo;\u00e9missions qu&rsquo;ils peuvent r\u00e9aliser en les prot\u00e9geant.<\/p>\n<p>Dans une nouvelle publication du CIFOR, <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/3805.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><em>Analysing REDD+: Challenges and Choices<\/em><\/a> (Analyse de la REDD +: d\u00e9fis et choix), lanc\u00e9e cette semaine en marge du sommet Rio +20, le chercheur du CIFOR Louis Verchot et son \u00e9quipe ont expos\u00e9 l&rsquo;approche \u00ab par \u00e9tapes \u00bb \u00e0 la mesure des Niveaux d&rsquo;Emissions de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence (RELs).<\/p>\n<p>Verchot affirme que le d\u00e9veloppement des RELs est une premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape cruciale pour le fonctionnement de la REDD +, qui est un programme soutenu par l&rsquo;ONU visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions mondiales de carbone en payant les pays tropicaux pour ralentir la d\u00e9forestation.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Les Niveaux d&rsquo;Emissions de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence sont le point de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 partir duquel on commence \u00e0 compter combien de r\u00e9ductions d&rsquo;\u00e9missions on a pu r\u00e9aliser. Les RELs mesurent les situations contrefactuelles, en indiquant combien les \u00e9missions auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 en absence d&rsquo;activit\u00e9s de REDD + pour r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions \u00bb, dit-il.<\/p>\n<p>Il ajoute que les RELs sont la cl\u00e9 \u00e0 la fois pour mesurer \u00e0 quel point les projets REDD + ont \u00e9t\u00e9 efficace &#8211; et aussi pour calculer combien devrait \u00eatre pay\u00e9 \u00e0 ceux qui r\u00e9duisent les \u00e9missions.<\/p>\n<p>Mais, dit-il, d\u00e9cider exactement sur ce que ces niveaux devraient \u00eatre n&rsquo;est pas facile.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab C&rsquo;est un peu compliqu\u00e9 \u00e0 mettre en place parce que c&rsquo;est bas\u00e9 sur le contrefactuel, c&rsquo;est quelque chose qui ne s\u2019est pas fait. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Il y a un c\u00f4t\u00e9 technique, d\u00e9tecter combien de d\u00e9forestation a eu lieu dans le pass\u00e9, quels ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les causes et facteurs cl\u00e9s de la d\u00e9forestation, et des attentes raisonnables sur les principaux facteurs ou causes de d\u00e9forestation dans le futur. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Est-ce qu\u2019on s\u2019attend \u00e0 ce que les prix des produits agricoles augmentent? Est-ce qu\u2019on s\u2019attend \u00e0 ce que les exploitations mini\u00e8res soient d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es? Est-ce qu\u2019on s\u2019attend \u00e0 ce que l&rsquo;huile de palme se d\u00e9veloppe, ou \u00e0 ce que les prix stagnent et l\u2019expansion des plantations se ralentisse? \u00bb<\/p>\n<div style=\"border: solid 1px #dedede;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Ce sujet sera l&rsquo;un des th\u00e8mes discut\u00e9s lors de la conf\u00e9rence de deux jours <em><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/fr\/events\/cifors-20th-anniversary\/anniversary-events\/la-gestion-durable-des-forets-dafrique-centrale.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">La gestion durable des for\u00eats d&rsquo;Afrique centrale: hier, aujourd&rsquo;hui et demain<\/a><\/em> \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9 au Cameroun les 22 et 23 mai 2013. .<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Retrouvez les reportages du CIFOR sur les for\u00eats d&rsquo;Afrique Centrale sur <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.cifor.org\/fr\/yaounde\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">forestsnews.cifor.org\/fr\/yaounde<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Il dit qu&rsquo;il y a une certaine quantit\u00e9 de pr\u00e9dictions de l&rsquo;avenir impliqu\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Dans des circonstances normales, sans beaucoup de variation dans l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie, on peut certainement s\u2019attendre \u00e0 ce que les cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es soient un bon pr\u00e9dicateur pour les cinq ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir. Pr\u00e9dire les \u00e9carts par rapport aux tendances pass\u00e9es est presque impossible. Personne ne s&rsquo;attendait par exemple \u00e0 la crise financi\u00e8re. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Si une crise financi\u00e8re a lieu et les rendements des terres diminuent, on s&rsquo;attendrait \u00e0 une forte diminution de la conversion de zones bois\u00e9es. Si une flamb\u00e9e des prix a lieu, si les prix pour la nourriture augmentent, on s&rsquo;attendrait \u00e0 ce que les terres agricoles se d\u00e9veloppent. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Et par cons\u00e9quent, la pr\u00e9diction de certains de ces points critiques est tr\u00e8s difficile et c&rsquo;est l\u00e0 que les approches de mod\u00e9lisation ont tendance \u00e0 \u00e9chouer. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>En plus de ces consid\u00e9rations techniques dans la mesure des RELs, il y a une dimension politique, dit-il.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Analysing REDD+: Challenges and Choices\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0iC_O90QDlg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Parce qu&rsquo;il y a des pays ou des groupes qui financent la REDD et des pays ou des groupes qui re\u00e7oivent de l&rsquo;argent pour la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions, les deux parties doivent se mettre d&rsquo;accord sur la ligne de base et les mesures de performance. \u00c0 la suite de ces accords, les pays devront entreprendre une s\u00e9rie d&rsquo;activit\u00e9s visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions contre un retour financier attendu pour leurs efforts. C&rsquo;est donc l\u00e0 que la n\u00e9gociation entre en jeu. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Un des probl\u00e8mes majeurs avec la mesure des niveaux de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence est le fait que de nombreux pays forestiers tropicaux n&rsquo;ont pas la capacit\u00e9 institutionnelle et les ressources pour la collecte de donn\u00e9es afin d\u2019estimer avec pr\u00e9cision leurs stocks de carbone forestiers et facteurs de d\u00e9forestation.<\/p>\n<p>Toutefois, la nouvelle m\u00e9thode \u00ab par \u00e9tape \u00bb mise au point par l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe du CIFOR et adopt\u00e9 lors des n\u00e9gociations de la CCNUCC \u00e0 Durban en 2011, offre un moyen de r\u00e9soudre ce probl\u00e8me.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;approche permet aux pays de commencer \u00e0 mesurer leurs RELs maintenant, en utilisant des donn\u00e9es de d\u00e9forestation que tout le monde peut acc\u00e9der.<\/p>\n<p>Celles-ci ne sont pas aussi pr\u00e9cises ou exactes que des donn\u00e9es sp\u00e9cifiques au pays qui prennent en compte les types de for\u00eats et les circonstances nationales, dit Verchot, mais l&rsquo;approche progressive par \u00e9tapes offre des voies par lesquelles un pays peut avancer \u00e0 des estimations plus complexes et moins incertaines au fur et \u00e0 mesure que les donn\u00e9es s&rsquo;am\u00e9liorent.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Nous avons mis au point une m\u00e9thode indiquant comment passer d&rsquo;informations basiques \u00e0 l\u2019obtention d\u2019informations plus compl\u00e8tes, afin d\u2019obtenir des meilleures estimations, des estimations plus pr\u00e9cises et ayant moins de biais. Chaque \u2018\u00e9tape\u2019 \u00e9num\u00e8re un certain nombre d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorations qui pourraient \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9es pendant que les pays mettent en place un programme REDD +. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Nous avons \u00e9tabli comment les diff\u00e9rents niveaux de collecte de ces types de donn\u00e9es &#8211; les donn\u00e9es de d\u00e9forestation, les donn\u00e9es de teneur en carbone, les donn\u00e9es de densit\u00e9 de carbone &#8211;  seraient effectivement chang\u00e9s en passant d&rsquo;une phase de pr\u00e9paration \u00e0 une phase de d\u00e9monstration d&rsquo;activit\u00e9, lorsqu\u2019on atteint la compensation \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle pour la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab C\u2019est ax\u00e9 sur les solutions, cela indique voici comment commencer, et voici quelques-unes des prochaines \u00e9tapes \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser pour am\u00e9liorer les estimations. Donc, dans la mesure o\u00f9 les pays le jugent utile et dans la mesure o\u00f9 cela permet \u00e0 chacun d&rsquo;entrer au d\u00e9but du processus, je pense que c&rsquo;est quelque chose de positif.<\/p>\n<p>Ce qui manque encore, selon Verchot, est l&rsquo;incitation pour les pays \u00e0 faire la transition au-del\u00e0 de la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab La motivation va venir quand l&rsquo;argent sera sur la table, et c&rsquo;est une des choses qui manquent en ce moment dans les n\u00e9gociations, et c&rsquo;est l&rsquo;une des raisons pour lesquelles les pays n&rsquo;avancent pas si vite \u00e0 ce sujet. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab En ce moment, tout est en phase de pr\u00e9paration, il n&rsquo;y a aucune certitude \u00e0 long terme du financement de la REDD +, et c&rsquo;est l&rsquo;un des aspects, montr\u00e9s par notre recherche, qui est un obstacle majeur \u00e0 la REDD + pour aller de l&rsquo;avant \u00bb, dit-il<\/p>\n<p>Mais jusque-l\u00e0, ajoute Verchot, l\u2019\u00e9tablissement des niveaux de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence en utilisant cette m\u00e9thode peut placer les pays au moins une \u00e9tape plus proche de la REDD +.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Maintenant, un pays peut adresser un autre pays et dire: \u2018Nous pensons que nos niveaux d&rsquo;\u00e9missions sont ceci, et qu\u2019ils vont \u00eatre cela pour les cinq prochaines ann\u00e9es. Donc, parlons du type de compensation que nous pouvons obtenir, et nous pouvons parler du genre de r\u00e9ductions d&rsquo;\u00e9missions pour lequel nous sommes pr\u00eats \u00e0 nous engager\u2019. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Donc, \u00e7a pose la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 partir de laquelle les n\u00e9gociations internationales peuvent avoir lieu, du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des finances et du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des r\u00e9ductions d&rsquo;\u00e9missions. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab C&rsquo;est la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>\n <o:DocumentProperties>\n  <o:Revision>0<\/o:Revision>\n  <o:TotalTime>0<\/o:TotalTime>\n  <o:Pages>1<\/o:Pages>\n  <o:Words>25<\/o:Words>\n  <o:Characters>148<\/o:Characters>\n  <o:Lines>1<\/o:Lines>\n  <o:Paragraphs>1<\/o:Paragraphs>\n  <o:CharactersWithSpaces>172<\/o:CharactersWithSpaces>\n  <o:Version>14.0<\/o:Version>\n <\/o:DocumentProperties>\n <o:OfficeDocumentSettings>\n  <o:AllowPNG\/>\n 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Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/>\n <\/w:LatentStyles>\n<\/xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 10]>\n\n\n<style>\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\ntable.MsoNormalTable\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\n\tmso-style-priority:99;\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\n\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n\tmso-para-margin:0in;\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\n\tfont-family:Cambria;\n\tmso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;\n\tmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n\tmso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;\n\tmso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b><i><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Georgia;\">Pour plus d&rsquo;informations sur les questions discut\u00e9es dans cet article, veuillez contacter Louis Verchot sur <a href=\"mailto:l.verchot@cgiar.org\">l.verchot@cgiar.org<\/a> <\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><em>Ce travail s\u2019inscrit dans le cadre <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/forests-trees-agroforestry\/crp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l&rsquo;agroforesterie<\/a>*, aid\u00e9 par the UK Department of International Development (DFID), The <em>Norwegian<\/em> Agency for Development Cooperation (<em>NORAD<\/em>) et AusAid. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><!--EndFragment--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les scientifiques du Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re internationale ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une m\u00e9thode innovante qui permet aux pays de commencer \u00e0 \u00e9tablir les Niveaux d&rsquo;Emissions de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre \u2013 afin d&rsquo;estimer la quantit\u00e9 de carbone stock\u00e9e dans leurs for\u00eats et le niveau des r\u00e9ductions d&rsquo;\u00e9missions qu&rsquo;ils peuvent r\u00e9aliser en les prot\u00e9geant. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,13,180,11,151],"tags":[38,371,302,382,102,123,812],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[545],"class_list":["post-12641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-governance","category-mitigating-climate-change","category-mrv-2","category-redd-2","tag-carbon-emissions","tag-deforestation","tag-emissions","tag-forest-management","tag-mrv","tag-redd","tag-reference-emissions-levels","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La nouvelle approche pour d\u00e9terminer les niveaux d&#039;\u00e9missions de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence est une premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape cruciale pour la REDD + - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/12641\/la-nouvelle-approche-pour-determiner-les-niveaux-demissions-de-reference-est-une-premiere-etape-cruciale-pour-la-redd\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La nouvelle approche pour d\u00e9terminer les niveaux d&#039;\u00e9missions de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence est une premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape cruciale pour la REDD +\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les scientifiques du Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re internationale ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une m\u00e9thode innovante qui permet aux pays de commencer \u00e0 \u00e9tablir les Niveaux d&rsquo;Emissions de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre \u2013 afin d&rsquo;estimer la quantit\u00e9 de carbone stock\u00e9e dans leurs for\u00eats et le niveau des r\u00e9ductions d&rsquo;\u00e9missions qu&rsquo;ils peuvent r\u00e9aliser en les prot\u00e9geant. 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