{"id":12624,"date":"2012-11-29T07:20:43","date_gmt":"2012-11-29T07:20:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=12624"},"modified":"2015-07-07T11:29:39","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T04:29:39","slug":"la-redd-est-elle-trop-lente-pas-forcement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/12624\/la-redd-est-elle-trop-lente-pas-forcement","title":{"rendered":"La REDD + est-elle trop lente? Pas forcement …"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Photo courtesy of Flikr<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (04 juillet 2102)_ La mise en \u0153uvre de la REDD + \u00e9tait cens\u00e9e \u00eatre \u00ab grande, rapide et pas ch\u00e8re \u00bb. Jusqu’\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent ce n’est pas un grand complexe, mais de nombreux petits efforts con\u00e7us et mis en \u0153uvre par de nombreux donateurs et organismes, une collection de projets qui sont lents \u00e0 concevoir et \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre et susceptibles d’\u00eatre plus cher que pr\u00e9vu dans un premier temps. Est-ce si mal?<\/p>\n

Dans ses 5 premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la REDD + a connu une croissance de plus en plus vaste et complexe de plusieurs mani\u00e8res impr\u00e9visibles, selon Angelsen et al.<\/em>, les r\u00e9dacteurs de la nouvelle collection d’\u00e9tudes nomm\u00e9e Analysing REDD+: Challenges and choices<\/em><\/a>. En partie en raison d’un manque en financements fiables \u00e0 long terme et d\u2019une grande diversit\u00e9 d’int\u00e9r\u00eats, d\u2019institutions, d\u2019id\u00e9es et d’information, les premiers projets REDD + ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablis avec des fonds de d\u00e9veloppement. Ils n’ont pas eu les bases et financements fiables qu’un nouvel accord international sur le changement climatique aurait pu avoir.<\/p>\n

Les \u00e9diteurs d\u00e9crivent la REDD + en tant que \u00ab vaste canop\u00e9e \u00bb en dessous de laquelle un large \u00e9ventail d’acteurs peut mettre en \u0153uvre leurs propres id\u00e9es sur ce qui devrait \u00eatre fait pour r\u00e9duire la d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats. Mais elle est encore loin d’atteindre le changement transformatif que les \u00e9diteurs consid\u00e8rent comme une condition pr\u00e9alable afin de surmonter les \u00ab business as usual \u00bb qui continuent \u00e0 mener la disparition des for\u00eats.<\/p>\n

Brockhaus et Angelsen disent qu\u2019un tel changement transformatif exigerait \u00ab un changement de discours, des attitudes, des relations de pouvoir et des actions de politique d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e et de protestation \u00bb. Les incitations \u00e9conomiques qui encouragent l’utilisation non durable des for\u00eats devraient \u00eatre supprim\u00e9es. De nouvelles informations devraient \u00eatre transmises par des groupes d’acteurs nationaux et locaux concern\u00e9s par les \u00ab droits, la conservation des for\u00eats et les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s \u00bb. De nouvelles coalitions devraient \u00eatre cr\u00e9es, constitu\u00e9es de repr\u00e9sentants ayant des int\u00e9r\u00eats divers.<\/p>\n

Pour ce faire, bien s\u00fbr, c\u2019est un d\u00e9fi. Des coalitions d’int\u00e9r\u00eats divers peuvent apporter une perte d\u2019objectifs par rapport \u00e0 la conception de base de la REDD +. Les scientifiques ont eu du mal \u00e0 produire et \u00e0 diffuser des informations claires sur les balances du climat et du carbone. Afin de changer les incitations \u00e9conomiques, il faut comprendre les co\u00fbts des opportunit\u00e9s qui sont tr\u00e8s variables, ainsi que les relations de pouvoir entre les groupes qui ont tous \u00e0 gagner ou \u00e0 perdre.<\/p>\n

httpv:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=0iC_O90QDlg<\/p>\n

R\u00e9unir des groupes afin d’apporter des changements \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9chelles politiques exige presque certainement un partage \u00e9quitable des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices. Pourtant, comme le remarquent Luttrell et al.<\/em> dans l’un des chapitres du livre, il y a beaucoup d’arguments potentiellement contradictoires quant \u00e0 savoir qui devrait b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des projets REDD +: Les prestations devraient-ils b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier \u00e0 des gens qui ont des droits l\u00e9gaux sur la terre et les ressources stockant du carbone, ou \u00e0 des bons gestionnaires forestiers qui pourraient ne pas avoir un droit juridique clair sur la for\u00eat, ou \u00e0 des ex\u00e9cutants des projets REDD + telles que des entreprises priv\u00e9es ou des ONG?<\/p>\n

Le fait que la REDD + n’est pas un gros programme centralis\u00e9, \u00e0 la suite de principes multilat\u00e9raux contraignants \u00e9nonc\u00e9s dans une convention globale avec un m\u00e9canisme de financement bien gouvern\u00e9, n’est pas n\u00e9cessairement le plus grand inconv\u00e9nient. Une grande et rapide REDD + pourrait comporter des risques, comme le souligne une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente de Fairhead <\/em>et al.<\/em><\/a> sur le \u00abgreen grabbing\u00bb. Apporter une valeur nouvelle \u00e0 la nature (comme le fera la REDD +) et connecter cette nature aux march\u00e9s par un syst\u00e8me international, o\u00f9 les int\u00e9r\u00eats des entreprises nationales et \u00e9trang\u00e8res sont souvent trait\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentielle par l’Etat, peuvent engendrer des expropriations locales des terres et des ressources par le biais de processus de \u00ab cl\u00f4ture, territorialisation, l\u00e9galisation et violence \u00bb, comme indiqu\u00e9 par Peluso and Lund<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Analysing REDD+<\/em> <\/em>vise \u00e0 montrer les obstacles potentiels et les d\u00e9ficiences structurelles qui doivent \u00eatre abord\u00e9es afin que la REDD + fonctionne sur le long terme sans ces effets socialement d\u00e9vastateurs. Un grand nombre des auteurs du livre (par exemple Jagger et al.<\/em>) sugg\u00e8rent que de nouvelles coalitions et institutions prot\u00e8gent non seulement l’environnement forestier, mais aussi les droits au niveau communautaire et la participation \u00e0 la prise de d\u00e9cision. En outre, comme l\u2019expliquent Larson et al<\/em>., les solutions aux probl\u00e8mes d’occupation des terres et des ressources font partie du changement transformatif n\u00e9cessaire afin que la REDD + fonctionne.<\/p>\n

En fin de compte, Analysing REDD+<\/em> <\/em> se montre prudemment optimiste. Si des coalitions inclusives sont cr\u00e9\u00e9es qui influence la politique, esp\u00e9rons qu\u2019ils le feront sur un base \u00ab sans regrets \u00bb. Sur le chemin, ils pourraient atteindre certains objectifs positifs, telles que l’\u00e9limination de subventions perverses et la r\u00e9solution de probl\u00e8mes fonciers locaux.<\/p>\n

Analysing REDD+<\/em> <\/em>n’a pas la pr\u00e9tention de r\u00e9soudre tous les probl\u00e8mes qui se posent \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre. Mais c\u2019est un bon travail d’indication des probl\u00e8mes qui n\u00e9cessitent des solutions. Elle \u00e9clair \u00e9galement ce que les institutions doivent faire en termes d’int\u00e9gration des id\u00e9es diff\u00e9rentes, de partage de plus d’informations et de respect (et si n\u00e9cessaire de protection) des int\u00e9r\u00eats des nombreux groupes.<\/p>\n

Si la REDD + progresse plus lentement que pr\u00e9vu, ce n’est pas forcement une mauvaise chose. Si cela allait se passer, une REDD + durable devrait se d\u00e9velopper au m\u00eame rythme que les institutions qui prot\u00e8gent les droits locaux sur les terres et les ressources, et en rythme avec la capacit\u00e9 d’adaptation des syst\u00e8mes juridiques nationaux et les int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e9conomiques.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indon\u00e9sie (04 juillet 2102)_ La mise en \u0153uvre de la REDD + \u00e9tait cens\u00e9e \u00eatre \u00ab grande, rapide et pas ch\u00e8re \u00bb. Jusqu’\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent ce n’est pas un grand complexe, mais de nombreux petits efforts con\u00e7us et mis en \u0153uvre par de nombreux donateurs et organismes, une collection de projets qui sont lents \u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,180],"tags":[38,371,382,4373,123],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[234],"class_list":["post-12624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-mitigating-climate-change","tag-carbon-emissions","tag-deforestation","tag-forest-management","tag-livelihoods","tag-redd","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa REDD + est-elle trop lente? 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Pas forcement …"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr#website","url":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr","name":"Landscape Alliance Forests News","description":"The latest news on REDD+, climate change, biofuels, gender, conservation, trade, deforestation, indigenous & community groups, dry forests, food security, illegal logging, governance and biodiversity.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":["Organization","Place"],"@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr#organization","name":"CIFOR-ICRAF","url":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr","logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/12624\/la-redd-est-elle-trop-lente-pas-forcement#local-main-organization-logo"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/12624\/la-redd-est-elle-trop-lente-pas-forcement#local-main-organization-logo"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF","https:\/\/x.com\/CIFOR_ICRAF"],"telephone":[],"openingHoursSpecification":[{"@type":"OpeningHoursSpecification","dayOfWeek":["Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday","Sunday"],"opens":"09:00","closes":"17:00"}]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr#\/schema\/person\/4b0e6098cc6233e3409b9c246cb98e6c","name":"Louis Putzel","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2d01e3a4194d013e0343c59985ca1870654ec807b7d118fc45d1ee14bdcf393f?s=96&d=mm&r=ge366f020e3f01e6b285c7602f4dad6d8","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2d01e3a4194d013e0343c59985ca1870654ec807b7d118fc45d1ee14bdcf393f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2d01e3a4194d013e0343c59985ca1870654ec807b7d118fc45d1ee14bdcf393f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Louis Putzel"},"description":"Louis Putzel is a senior scientist with CIFOR\u2019s Forests and Governance Programme in Bogor, Indonesia. 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