{"id":12582,"date":"2012-11-29T03:14:51","date_gmt":"2012-11-29T03:14:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=12582"},"modified":"2015-07-06T15:29:15","modified_gmt":"2015-07-06T08:29:15","slug":"une-plus-grande-sensibilisation-au-redd-est-necessaire-pour-refuter-les-idees-fausses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/12582\/une-plus-grande-sensibilisation-au-redd-est-necessaire-pour-refuter-les-idees-fausses","title":{"rendered":"Une plus grande sensibilisation au REDD+ est n\u00e9cessaire pour r\u00e9futer les id\u00e9es fausses."},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Mokhammad Edliadi\/CIFOR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00c0 Bogor, Indon\u00e9sie (22 ao\u00fbt 2012) _ Plusieurs communaut\u00e9s locales savent que le REDD+ est mis en avant par les d\u00e9cideurs internationaux comme la meilleure solution pour prot\u00e9ger les for\u00eats riches en carbone, mais d\u2019apr\u00e8s des \u00e9tudes r\u00e9centes, elles ne comprennent pas bien la port\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du programme ni m\u00eame les avantages \u00e9conomiques qu\u2019elles pourraient en tirer.<\/p>\n

Arild Angelsen, professeur \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 norv\u00e9gienne des sciences de la vie et \u00e9diteur de la publication Analyser le REDD+: enjeux et choix<\/a> affirme que cette situation met en p\u00e9ril la r\u00e9alisation du REDD+.<\/p>\n

Angelsen constate depuis peu une mont\u00e9e d\u2019hostilit\u00e9 envers le REDD+ au sein des groupes autochtones, qu\u2019il attribue partiellement \u00e0 \u00ab des id\u00e9es fausses ou dogmatiques \u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00ab On est en train d\u2019associer le REDD+ aux march\u00e9s et au capitalisme vert. Les march\u00e9s carbone joueront peut-\u00eatre un r\u00f4le \u00e0 l\u2019avenir, mais la peur des march\u00e9s para\u00eet exag\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00bb, d\u00e9clare-t-il.<\/p>\n

\u00ab La majeure partie des financements de REDD+ provient actuellement des budgets d\u2019aide au d\u00e9veloppement. Et puis les march\u00e9s ne sont pas forc\u00e9ment anti-pauvres comme certains semblent le croire. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Selon lui, les habitants des for\u00eats auraient int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 participer au programme financ\u00e9 par l\u2019ONU \u00ab de mani\u00e8re constructive \u00bb, et \u00e0 prendre conscience des opportunit\u00e9s certes, mais aussi des risques et de leurs droits et devoirs.<\/p>\n

On est en train d\u2019associer le REDD+ aux march\u00e9s et au capitalisme vert. Les march\u00e9s carbone joueront peut-\u00eatre un r\u00f4le \u00e0 l\u2019avenir, mais la peur des march\u00e9s para\u00eet exag\u00e9r\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

\u00ab \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 les enjeux consid\u00e9rables du REDD+, il est essentiel que les voix locales se fassent entendre, des promoteurs de projet, mais aussi des d\u00e9cideurs nationaux et internationaux \u00bb, affirment les auteurs du livre publi\u00e9 par le CIFOR.<\/p>\n

La R\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions dues \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation et \u00e0 la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats, ou le REDD+, a \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9e en 2005 \u00e0 la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques comme un moyen de r\u00e9mun\u00e9rer les pays en d\u00e9veloppement s\u2019ils ne d\u00e9boisent pas, le d\u00e9boisement \u00e9tant l\u2019une des sources principales d\u2019\u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre au plan mondial.<\/p>\n

Les entreprises, les initiatives de conservation et les pays qui prennent des mesures de protection des for\u00eats peuvent pr\u00e9tendre \u00e0 des \u00ab cr\u00e9dits \u00bb pouvant \u00eatre vendus sur le march\u00e9 carbone international.<\/p>\n

La publication du CIFOR, qui examine neuf projets au Br\u00e9sil, au Cameroun, en Indon\u00e9sie et en Tanzanie en s\u2019appuyant sur des travaux de terrain men\u00e9s en 2010 conclut que les villageois avaient des connaissances \u00ab assez limit\u00e9es \u00bb du REDD+ et qu\u2019un quart des m\u00e9nages interview\u00e9s n\u2019en avait m\u00eame jamais entendu parler.<\/p>\n

Ceux qui connaissaient le programme en comprenaient l\u2019objectif principal, \u00e0 savoir la sauvegarde des for\u00eats, mais ne faisaient pas le lien avec l\u2019augmentation de leurs revenus, m\u00eame si \u00ab tous les projets pr\u00e9voient de d\u00e9velopper d\u2019autres moyens de subsistance, et dans certains cas, de mettre en place des paiements pour les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Il faut dire que beaucoup de promoteurs REDD+ h\u00e9sitent \u00e0 informer les communaut\u00e9s locales<\/a> \u00e0 propos du syst\u00e8me international du carbone forestier pensant ainsi \u00e9viter de faire na\u00eetre des espoirs qui seraient d\u00e9\u00e7us en cas de non-concr\u00e9tisation des financements \u00e0 long terme.<\/p>\n

M\u00eame si l\u2019on comprend qu\u2019il ne soit pas utile de noyer les usagers locaux de la for\u00eat dans les d\u00e9tails complexes du REDD+, les auteurs du rapport Analyser le REDD+ affirment que tant les villageois que la communaut\u00e9 internationale dans son ensemble gagneraient \u00e0 comprendre les fondamentaux de ce programme.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Mais la participation constructive et l\u2019application du principe du Consentement libre, inform\u00e9 et pr\u00e9alable (CLIP)<\/a> ne sont pas chose ais\u00e9e. Du fait que les projets de REDD+ sont en pleine \u00e9volution, le champ d\u2019application et l\u2019envergure futurs du programme sont tr\u00e8s incertains. \u00ab La question fondamentale pour les communaut\u00e9s locales, \u00e0 savoir \u00ab \u00e0 quoi donnons-nous notre consentement ? \u00bb, reste toujours sans r\u00e9ponse \u00bb, constate Angelsen.<\/p>\n

Daju Pradnja Resosudarmo, l\u2019un des auteurs de chapitre, affirme que c\u2019est justement pour cette raison qu\u2019il faut veiller \u00e0 ce que les communaut\u00e9s comprennent suffisamment bien \u00ab ce qu\u2019est le REDD+, et comment ce programme sera mis en \u0153uvre \u00bb.<\/p>\n

La question de savoir \u00e0 quoi les communaut\u00e9s locales donnent leur consentement, fondamentale pour elles, reste toujours sans r\u00e9ponse.<\/p>\n

Les cons\u00e9quences de la m\u00e9sinformation<\/strong><\/p>\n

Une \u00e9tude sur les chasseurs-cueilleurs<\/a> vivant \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des concessions mini\u00e8res et foresti\u00e8res au nord-ouest des Philippines, men\u00e9e par le CIFOR et l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Leyde, a montr\u00e9 que le CLIP nuisait aux personnes qu\u2019il \u00e9tait sens\u00e9 prot\u00e9ger.<\/p>\n

En raison des pressions unilat\u00e9rales exerc\u00e9es par les administrations et les entreprises r\u00e9alisant ces activit\u00e9s, il arrive fr\u00e9quemment que le consentement des populations autochtones soit obtenu par des moyens d\u00e9tourn\u00e9s et que des accords soient r\u00e9dig\u00e9s sans consultation des communaut\u00e9s concern\u00e9es. Si l\u2019on en croit l\u2019article, c\u2019est une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 inqui\u00e9tante, quand on sait que \u00ab 50 % des terres concern\u00e9es par des demandes de concession mini\u00e8re aux Philippines font l\u2019objet de revendications autochtones, selon les estimations. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Lorsqu\u2019il y a des doutes sur la neutralit\u00e9 des informations, suscit\u00e9s par l\u2019existence de conflits d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat ou d\u2019un d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre des forces en pr\u00e9sence, le rapport Analyser le REDD+ pr\u00e9conise le recours \u00e0 des courtiers du savoir et des conseillers juridiques ind\u00e9pendants par les communaut\u00e9s, y compris pour la signature d\u2019accords juridiques.<\/p>\n

Si les scientifiques continuent de soutenir l\u2019utilisation du CLIP dans le cadre du REDD+, certains avancent qu\u2019il serait plus efficace de l\u2019appliquer de mani\u00e8re cyclique, et plusieurs fois au cours de la vie de projets qui progressent et se transforment.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les populations autochtones seront mieux loties si le temps, les ressources et l\u2019\u00e9nergie pass\u00e9s actuellement \u00e0 faire de la fausse prise de d\u00e9cision \u00e9taient plut\u00f4t consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 de v\u00e9ritables n\u00e9gociations sur les conditions dans lesquelles les entreprises d\u2019exploitation sont autoris\u00e9es \u00e0 conduire leurs activit\u00e9s, \u00bb explique l\u2019article.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c0 Bogor, Indon\u00e9sie (22 ao\u00fbt 2012) _ Plusieurs communaut\u00e9s locales savent que le REDD+ est mis en avant par les d\u00e9cideurs internationaux comme la meilleure solution pour prot\u00e9ger les for\u00eats riches en carbone, mais d\u2019apr\u00e8s des \u00e9tudes r\u00e9centes, elles ne comprennent pas bien la port\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du programme ni m\u00eame les avantages \u00e9conomiques qu\u2019elles pourraient […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,13,95,180,151],"tags":[371,382,87,4373,123],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[237],"class_list":["post-12582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-governance","category-human-wellbeing","category-mitigating-climate-change","category-redd-2","tag-deforestation","tag-forest-management","tag-indonesia","tag-livelihoods","tag-redd","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUne plus grande sensibilisation au REDD+ est n\u00e9cessaire pour r\u00e9futer les id\u00e9es fausses. - 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